New observations on rare and threatened saproxylic hoverflies in North-Western Italy with ecological notes Maritano, Umberto Bianco, Lorenzo Torta, Samuele Biodiversity Data Journal 2024 2024-09-27 12 e 127968 e 127968 6DGCZ Mik, 1885 Mik 1885 Insecta Syrphidae Doros Animalia Diptera Arthropoda species destillatorius   Materials    Type status: Other material. Occurrence:recordedBy: Umberto Maritano; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; behavior: flying up and down near mosses; occurrenceID:  BF05F808-7959-5211-BAB4-2DFC33A83E40; Location:country: Italy; stateProvince: Piedmont; municipality: Leinì (TO); verbatimElevation:  272 m; verbatimLatitude: 45 ° 12 ' 54 '' N; verbatimLongitude: 7 ° 44 ' 01 '' E; verbatimCoordinateSystem: WGS 84; decimalLatitude: 45.215; decimalLongitude: 7.7336111; geodeticDatum: WGS 84; Identification:identifiedBy: Umberto Maritan; Event:samplingProtocol: entomological net; eventDate:  2019-09 - 03; eventTime: 14: 00 Z; habitat: Young  Quercusplantation; Record Level:type: PhysicalObject; collectionID: Umberto Maritano Collection   Type status: Other material. Occurrence:recordedBy: Umberto Maritano; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; behavior: flying up and down on sap-run; occurrenceID:  9C4F52B0-5DC6-577A-AD08-C679822399B1; Location:country: Italy; stateProvince: Piedmont; municipality: Niella Tanaro (CN); locality: Valle Briaglia; verbatimElevation:  470 m; verbatimLatitude: 44 ° 24 ' 24 '' N; verbatimLongitude: 7 ° 53 ' 51 '' E; verbatimCoordinateSystem: WGS 84; decimalLatitude: 44.4066666; decimalLongitude: 7.8975; geodeticDatum: WGS 84; Identification:identifiedBy: Umberto Maritano; Event:samplingProtocol: entomological net; eventDate:  2021-09 - 01; eventTime: 13: 00 Z / 14: 30 Z; habitat: Old  Quercusmixed forest; eventRemarks: flying on sap-run; Record Level:type: PhysicalObject; collectionID: Umberto Maritano Collection   Type status: Other material. Occurrence:recordedBy: Umberto Maritano; individualCount: 2; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; occurrenceID:  6978EE6B-92F6-5FED-97A3-08E569E844B1; Location:country: Italy; stateProvince: Piedmont; municipality: Valdieri (CN); locality: Casa del pescatore; verbatimElevation:  1278 m; verbatimLatitude: 44 ° 12 ' 56 '' N; verbatimLongitude: 7 ° 16 ' 47 '' E; verbatimCoordinateSystem: WGS 84; decimalLatitude: 44.2155555; decimalLongitude: 7.2797222; geodeticDatum: WGS 84; Identification:identifiedBy: Umberto Maritano; Event:samplingProtocol: Malaise trap; eventDate:  2022-09 - 07/ 13; habitat:   Fagusforest; eventRemarks: near stream; Record Level:type: PhysicalObject; collectionID: Umberto Maritano Collection   Type status: Other material. Occurrence:recordedBy: Umberto Maritano; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; behavior: foraging; occurrenceID:  FAE3FF9C-CCDD-5A20-9457-AD8465A7C223; Location:country: Italy; stateProvince: Piedmont; municipality: Bussoleno (TO); locality: Foresto; verbatimElevation:  513 m; verbatimLatitude: 45 ° 08 ' 34 '' N; verbatimLongitude: 7 ° 06 ' 52 '' E; verbatimCoordinateSystem: WGS 84; decimalLatitude: 45.1427777; decimalLongitude: 7.1144444; geodeticDatum: WGS 84; Identification:identifiedBy: Umberto Maritano; Event:samplingProtocol: entomological net; eventDate:  2023-09 - 22; eventTime: 14: 50 Z; habitat: scattered  Quercus pubescens; eventRemarks: on  Hedera helix; Record Level:type: PhysicalObject; collectionID: Umberto Maritano Collection   Type status: Other material. Occurrence:recordedBy: Luciana Bartolini; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; behavior: roosting; occurrenceID:  7652D64B-3B13-5832-AD6F-63D0F8E143DC; Location:country: Italy; stateProvince: Tuscany; municipality: Laterina Pergine Valdarno (AR); locality: Bandella - Riserva naturale della Valle dell'Inferno e Bandella; verbatimElevation:  167 m; verbatimLatitude: 43 ° 30 ' 36 '' N; verbatimLongitude: 11 ° 39 ' 30 '' E; verbatimCoordinateSystem: WGS 84; decimalLatitude: 43.51; decimalLongitude: 11.6583333; geodeticDatum: WGS 84; georeferenceRemarks: no exact location, maximum error 1, 5 km; Identification:identifiedBy: Umberto Maritano; Event:eventDate:  2008-09 - 10; eventTime: 16: 12 Z; eventRemarks: on leaves on the ground; Record Level:type: Stillimage; source: https://www.lucianabartolini.net/Immagini/ditteri/sirfidi/ Syrphidae-  Doros. jpg   Distribution   Doros destillatoriusFig. 9is a rarely seen hoverfly, endangered according to the European Red List ( Vujić et al. 2022), and mainly found in the Mediterranean region. It has low density populations with only 1- 2 specimenscollected in each known locality. In Italy, it is known from the holotypefound in Friuli-Venezia Giulianear the city of Gorizia ( Speight 1987), and from the other few observations made in other regions such as: Lazio( Prestininzi 2009), Veneto( Sommaggio 2017), Valle d’Aosta, Abruzzo, Sardiniaand Tuscany( Birtele 2011). From the Piedmont region, the only specimen known before this paper is from the Regional Museum of Natural Science of Turin and was collected in the year 1980 near Bussoleno (Turin Province) hamlet Pietrabianca. Fig. 10shows all the new records of  Doros destillatoriuscollected by the author ( UM) in the Piedmont region. We report here also a new record for Tuscany.   Ecology Although the surveys were conducted consistently throughout the entire season (from March to October every 10 days) in each of the reported sites, all the specimens were observed in September with females observed at the beginning of the month and males in the subsequent days. The first specimen observed (in 2019) was a female which during the hottest hours of the day moved up and down exploring mosses on the bark of a young oak tree plantation. The second specimen observed was another female (year 2021) which during the hottest hours of the day moved up and down exploring a sap-run on a large oak tree (Fig. 11). In the year 2022 a couple of males were collected by Malaise trap near a stream into a beech forest. In the year 2023, a male was seen with the aid of binoculars foraging on the top of a large ivy bloom (Fig. 11) surrounded by a landscape of few scattered  Quercus pubescensand  Bromus erectus. It first visited the flowers at the top of the ivy (4-5 metres above the ground) and then gradually went down to visit flowers halfway up the plant. This is the first observation of  Doros destillatoriuson  Hedera helixas the only data available from literature reports it on  Rubus fruticosus( Speight 2020). Young Quercus plantation 2019-09-03 entomological net Umberto Maritano Italy Umberto Maritan 272 45.215 Leinì (TO) 7.7336116 BF05F808-7959-5211-BAB4-2DFC33A83E40 Leinì (TO) 1 1 Piedmont Other material Old Quercus mixed forest 2021-09-01 entomological net Umberto Maritano Italy Umberto Maritano 470 44.40667 Valle Briaglia 7.8975 9C4F52B0-5DC6-577A-AD08-C679822399B1 Niella Tanaro (CN) 1 1 Piedmont Other material Fagus forest 2022-09-07 Malaise trap Umberto Maritano Italy Umberto Maritano 1278 44.215557 Casa del pescatore 7.279722 6978EE6B-92F6-5FED-97A3-08E569E844B1 Valdieri (CN) 2 2 Piedmont Other material scattered Quercus pubescens 2023-09-22 entomological net Umberto Maritano Italy Umberto Maritano 513 45.14278 Foresto 7.1144443 FAE3FF9C-CCDD-5A20-9457-AD8465A7C223 Bussoleno (TO) 1 1 Piedmont Other material 2008-09-10 Luciana Bartolini Italy Umberto Maritano 167 43.51 Bandella - Riserva naturale della Valle dell'Inferno e Bandella 11.658333 7652D64B-3B13-5832-AD6F-63D0F8E143DC Laterina Pergine Valdarno (AR) 1 1 Tuscany Other material