Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia Kondo, Takumasa Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana Insecta Mundi 2016 2016-01-22 2016 465 1 24 3KLSD (Signoret) Signoret 1869 [192,689,993,1017] Insecta Diaspididae Hemiberlesia Animalia Hemiptera 6 5 Arthropoda species cyanophylli   Material studied.   Colombia. Caldas: Belalcazar: Peñitas,  1400 m, coll. A. Ramos, exavocado cv. ‘ Hass’, 1 ( MECP).   Valle del Cauca: Alcalá: Finca La Esmeralda, 04°39 ′58.4 ″N, 75°48 ′27.4 ″W,  1223 m,  16.ii.2009, coll. J. Muñoz, exavocado ‘ Papelillo’(‘ Lorena’), 1 ( UVCO);  Finca La Porra, 04°40 ′13.1 ″N, 75°44 ′34.3 ″W,  1395 m,  10.xi.2008, coll. J. Muñoz, exavocado ‘ Booth8’, 2 ( UVCO); 2 ( MECP);  Samedata except coll. A. Arias, exavocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’(‘ Lorena’), 1 ( UVCO);  Finca Los Alpes, 04°42 ′24.8 ″N, 75°49 ′01.0 ″W,  1194 m,  02.xii.2008, coll. J. Muñoz, exavocado cv. ‘ Booth8’, 1 ( UVCO), 3 ( MECP);  Samedata except  28.x.2008, exavocado cv. ‘ Booth’, 1 ( UVCO);  Samedata except  28.x.2008, exavocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’(‘ Lorena’), 1 ( UVCO);  Samedata, except no coordinates nor elevation given,  9.xii.2008, coll. J. Muñoz, exavocado cultivar not determined, 1 ( MECP);  Finca Villa del Sol, 04°42 ′06.1 ″N, 75°50 ′00.5 ″W,  1215 m,  02.xii.2008, coll. A. Arias, exavocado cultivar ‘ Papelillo’(‘ Lorena’), 2 ( UVCO), 2 ( MECP);   Caicedonia: Finca El Chaquiro, 04°17 ′00.0 ″N, 75°51 ′24.7 ″W,  1651 m,  02.iii.2009, coll. J. Muñoz, exavocado cv. ‘ Hass’, 2 ( UVCO), 2 ( MECP);  Finca Corinto, 04°17 ′04.2 ″N, 75°51 ′53.9 ″W,  1650 m,  20.iv.2009, coll. J. Muñoz, exavocado cv. ‘ Trinidad’, 1 ( UVCO), 1 ( MECP);  Samedata except exavocado cv. ‘ Booth’, 1( UVCO);  Finca El Palmar, 04°17 ′56 ″N, 75°53 ′00 ″W,  1376 m,  28.x.2008, coll. J. Muñoz, exavocado cv. ‘ Booth8’, 1 ( UVCO), 2 ( MECP);  Samedata except, coll. A. Arias, exavocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’(‘ Lorena’), 1 ( MECP);  Samedata except coll. T. Kondo, exavocado cv. ‘ Booth’, 1 ( UVCO);  Finca La Cabaña, 04°17 ′43.8 ″N, 75°50 ′39.4 ″W,  1705 m,  9.ii.2009, coll. J. Muñoz, exavocado cv. ‘ Booth’, 1 ( UVCO), 2 ( MECP);  Samedata, coll. A. Arias, exavocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’(‘ Lorena’), 2 ( MECP);  Finca Linares, 04°17 ′53.2 ″N, 75°51 ′50.9 ″W,  1490 m,  2.iii.2009, coll. A. J. Muñoz, exavocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’(‘ Lorena’), 1 ( UVCO);   El Cerrito: Finca La Alvecia, 03°38 ′51.1 ″N, 76°06 ′14.7 ″W,  1925 m,  19.xii.2008, coll. A. Arias, exavocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’(‘ Lorena’), 1 ( UVCO), 2 ( MECP);   Palmira: Rozo, Finca Brasil, 03°36 ′36.0 ″N, 76°25 ′08.5 ″W,  967 m,  10.xii.2008, coll. J. Muñoz, exavocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’, 2 ( UVCO), 1 ( MECP);  Samedata except, 03°38 ′51.1 ″N, 76°06 ′14.7 ″W,  1925 m,  19.xii.2008, coll. J. Muñoz, exavocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’(‘ Lorena’), 1 ( MECP);   Ulloa: Finca La Catalina, 04°41 ′38.8 ″N, 75°45 ′10.4 ″W,  1301 m,  4.v.2009, coll. J. Muñoz, exavocado cv. ‘ Santana’, 1 ( UVCO), 1 ( MECP).   Distribution.Cosmopolitan ( Ben-Dov et al. 2015).   Remarks.The species was found on the underside of avocado leaves on the following cultivars: ‘Booth 8’, ‘Choquette’, ‘Hass’, ‘Lorena’ and an undetermined cultivar. The Cyanophyllum scale,  H. cyanophylliis highly polyphagous and has been recorded on 75 genera in 18 plant families ( Borchsenius 1966).  Hemiberlesia cyanophylli,  A. tubercularisand  C. dictyospermiare frequently found on the fruit of ‘Hass’ avocado, although their damage appears to be only cosmetic. It should be noted that we did not find any other diaspidid species on fruits of other avocado cultivars. This could be due to the rugose texture of the fruit of ‘Hass’ avocados, which provides a perfect place for feeding and settling. These three diaspidid species are here considered of quarantine importance because they can be found on fruit. MECP A. Ramos & Hass' Colombia 1400 Penitas 6 5 1 Caldas 2009-02-16 UVCO J. Munoz & Papelillo' & Lorena' Colombia 1223 4.666222 Finca La Esmeralda 1 -75.80762 6 5 1 Valle del Cauca 2008-11-10 UVCO J. Munoz & Booth Colombia 1395 4.6703053 Finca La Porra 1 -75.74286 6 5 1 Alcala UVCO A. Arias & Papelillo' & Lorena' Colombia Same 6 5 1 Alcala 2008-12-02 UVCO, MECP J. Munoz & Booth Colombia 1194 4.7068887 Finca Los Alpes 1 -75.81694 6 5 1 Alcala 2008-10-28 UVCO Booth' Colombia Same 6 5 1 Alcala 2008-10-28 UVCO Papelillo' & Lorena' Colombia Same 6 5 1 Alcala 2008-12-09 MECP J. Munoz Colombia Same 6 5 1 Alcala 2008-12-02 UVCO, MECP A. Arias & Papelillo' & Lorena' Colombia 1215 4.7016945 Finca Villa del Sol 1 -75.83347 6 5 1 Alcala 2009-03-02 UVCO, MECP J. Munoz & Hass' Colombia 1651 4.2833333 Finca El Chaquiro 1 -75.85686 6 5 1 Caicedonia 2009-04-20 UVCO, MECP J. Munoz & Trinidad' Colombia 1650 4.2845 Finca Corinto 1 -75.86497 6 5 1 Caicedonia UVCO Booth' Colombia Same 6 5 1 Caicedonia 2008-10-28 UVCO, MECP J. Munoz & Booth Colombia 1376 4.2988887 Finca El Palmar 21 -75.88333 6 5 1 Caicedonia MECP A. Arias & Papelillo' & Lorena' Colombia Same 6 5 1 Caicedonia [459,1269,1506,1530] UVCO T. Kondo & Booth' Colombia Same 6 5 1 Caicedonia 2009-02-09 UVCO, MECP J. Munoz & Booth' Colombia 1705 4.2955 Finca La Cabana 1 -75.844284 6 5 1 Caicedonia [334,1244,1570,1594] MECP A. Arias & Papelillo' & Lorena' Colombia Same 6 5 1 Caicedonia 2009-03-02 UVCO A. J. Munoz & Papelillo' & Lorena' Colombia 1490 4.298111 Finca Linares 1 -75.864136 6 5 1 Caicedonia 2008-12-19 UVCO, MECP A. Arias & Papelillo' & Lorena' Colombia 1925 3.6475277 Finca La Alvecia 1 -76.10408 6 5 1 El Cerrito 2008-12-10 UVCO, MECP J. Munoz & Papelillo' Colombia 967 3.61 Finca Brasil 1 -76.41902 Rozo 6 5 1 Palmira 2008-12-19 MECP J. Munoz & Papelillo' & Lorena' Colombia 1925 3.6475277 Same 1 -76.10408 6 5 1 Palmira 2009-05-04 UVCO, MECP J. Munoz & Santana' Colombia 1301 4.6941113 Finca La Catalina 1 -75.75289 6 5 1 Ulloa