Pteranthias longimanus Weber 1913: 209
Plectranthias longimanus
Allen & Russell 1986: 85
Paxton et al. 1989: 507
Allen et al. 2006: 990
Moore et al. 2014: 182
Anderson 2018: 30
Parenti & Randall 2020: 26
Review of Australian species of Plectranthias Bleeker and Selenanthias Tanaka (Teleostei: Serranidae: Anthiadinae), with descriptions of four new species
Gill, Anthony C.
Pogonoski, John J.
Moore, Glenn I.
Johnson, Jeffrey W.
Zootaxa
2021
2021-01-26
4918
1
1
116
Anderson 2018: 30
4K3Z3
(Weber)
Weber
1913
[151,573,618,645]
Actinopterygii
Serranidae
Plectranthias
Animalia
Perciformes
76
77
Chordata
species
longimanus
Figures 3A, 5B, 31–32; Tables 1–16, 24
Common name: Longfin Perchlet
Pteranthias longimanus Weber 1913: 209, fig. 54 ( typelocality: Paternoster Islands, Indonesia). Plectranthias longimanus.— Allen & Russell 1986: 85(checklist, Scott Reef).— Paxton et al.1989: 507(checklist).— Allen et al.2006: 990(checklist).— Moore et al.2014: 182(checklist).— Anderson 2018: 30(checklist).— Parenti & Randall 2020: 26(checklist). — Moore et al.2020: appendix 1 (checklist).
Diagnosis.The following combination of characters distinguishes P. longimanusfrom all other congeners: dorsal rays X,12–15; fourth dorsal spine longest; pectoral rays 12–13, all rays unbranched; lateral line incomplete, with 10–17 tubed scales; greatest body depth 32.3–39.9 % SL.
Remarks.A small Plectranthiasspecies (largest known specimen 29 mmSL; Heemstra & Randall 2009), P. longimanusis known in Australiafrom the Timor Sea, Great Barrier Reef, Coral Sea and southern Queensland( Figure 32). Elsewhere it ranges widely throughout the Indo-west Pacific, from the east African coast to Tonga( Heemstra & Randall 2009, Randall et al.2003). In their table 1 for western Indian Ocean Plectranthias, Heemstra & Randall (2009)gave a count of 15 branched caudal-fin rays for this species. In their account for the species, however, they gave a range of 13–15 branched caudal rays. All specimens examined by us had 13 (7+6) branched caudal rays.
We add the following new observations: scales with peripheral cteni; vertebrae 10+16, rarely 10+17; supraneurals 2; predorsal formula 0/0/2/1+1; dorsal pterygiophores in interneural spaces 9–13 1/1/1+1/1+1/1; no trisegmental pterygiophores associated with dorsal fin; terminal dorsal pterygiophore in interneural space 17; no trisegmental pterygiophores associated with anal fin; terminal anal pterygiophore in interhaemal space 5; ribs present on vertebrae 3 through 9–10; epineurals present on vertebrae 1 through 8–10; hypurals 1 and 2 represented by undifferentiated plate, other hypurals and parhypural autogenous ( Figure 5B); well-developed hypurapophysis on parhypural; epurals 3; single uroneural (posterior uroneural absent); ventral tip of cleithrum with well-developed posteroventral process; proximal tip of first anal-fin pterygiophore near distal tips of parapophyses on vertebra 10. Morphometric data are summarised in Table 24.
Plectranthias longimanusis very similar to P. nanusin coloration and most morphometric and meristic features. They are apparently unique within the genus in having hypurals 1 and 2 present as an undifferentiated plate ( Figure 5B). This potential synapomorphy has not been found in other examined Plectranthiasspecies, where instead the two hypurals are autogenous ( Figure 5A). The two species are distinguished from each other by the following characters: number of pectoral rays ( 12–13 in P. longimanusversus 14–15, rarely 13 in P. nanus); number of tubed scales in the lateral line (12–17 versus 15–21); number of circumpeduncular scales (12 versus 12–15, usually 14); degree of development of serrations on the interopercle and subopercle (bones with 2–6 and 2–7 conspicuous serrations, respectively, versus each bone with 0–2 weak serrations; Figure 3); and body depth (greatest body depth 32.3–39.9 % SL and body depth at anal origin 27.1–32.0 % SL versus 29.4–33.3 % SL and 24.6–27.2 % SL, respectively). The two species also differ slightly in coloration. In particular, P. nanusis distinguished in having a pale bar on the caudal-fin base, edged posteriorly with a dark bar (or series of short bars). In contrast, P. longimanushas two dark basal spots on the caudal fin, which are edged dorsally and ventrally by pale spots (cf. Figures 31and 39; see also Kawaji et al.2019: fig. 4). As noted by Randall (1980), the two species appear to have different habitat requirements: P. longimanusappears to be found mostly around continental areas or larger islands, whereas P. nanusis restricted to smaller oceanic islands and reefs. However, the two species overlap in distribution in Australiaon the Great Barrier Reef and northern Coral Sea and have been collected from the same rotenone stations (e.g. at Osprey Reef and Boot Reef, Coral Sea).
Material examined. Australia. AMSI.19445-095, 2: 22.1–22.7 mmSL, Queensland, Great Barrier Reef, channel between Yongeand Carter Reefs, 14°35′S, 145°36′E, 15 m, AMSteam, 8 Nov 1975; AMSI.19472-121, 3: 22.6–24.2 mmSL (radiographs only), Queensland, Great Barrier Reef, north end of YongeReef, 14°35′S, 145°36′E, 7–15 m, AMSteam, 23 Nov 1975; AMSI.22576-013, 2: 25.7–26.4 mmSL, Queensland, Great Barrier Reef, Escape Reef, middle of back reef edge, 15°50′S, 145°50′E, coral bommie on sand, 34 m, AMSteam, 27 Oct 1981; AMSI.22613-016, 2: 17.0– 24.8 mmSL, AMSI.22613-052, 20.3 mmSL (subsequently cleared and stained), Queensland, Great Barrier Reef, Escape Reef North, back reef floor, 15°49′S, 145°50′E, coral and sand, 27 m, AMSteam, 1 Nov 1981; AMSI.33711-062, 22.3 mmSL, far northern Great Barrier Reeflagoon, 1–2 nautical miles from outer reef, 10°34.48′S, 143°35.28′E, 14–15 m, AMSteam, 16 Jan 1993; AMSI.33715-110, 24.7 mmSL, Coral Sea, Ashmore Reef, southeast corner of lagoon, 10°26.66′S, 144°26.82′E, 12–17 m, AMSteam et al., 17 Jan 1993; NTMS.11373- 034, 25.4 mmSL, Western Australia, Scott Reef, east of Sandy Islet, 14°04′S, 121°47′E, 22–25 m, B.C. Russell, 8 Sep 1984; NTMS.11387-010, 14.9 mmSL, Western Australia, North Reef, east side, north of passage, 13°15′S, 121°54′E, 7–22 m, B.C. Russell, 12 Sep 1984; NTMS.13410-001, 18.2 mmSL, Western Australia, Cartier Reef, 12°31.4′S, 123°33.3′E, 12–23 m, J. Short, 7 May 1992; WAMP.28534-021, 22.8 mmSL, Great Barrier Reef, Ribbon Reefs, 14°58′S, 145°44′E, 25–40 m, G. R. Allen, 13 Nov 1985. Additional specimens identified for distribution information. AMSI.20937-027, 9.7 mmSL, Queensland, Haggerstone Island, 12°02′E, 143°17′E, 2–5 m, AMSteam, 20 Feb 1979; AMSI.25107-071, 5: 13.6–17.0 mm SL, Coral Sea, Osprey Reef, west edge dropoff ( 13°56′S 146°34′E), 10–25 m, AMSteam, 6 Nov 1984; AMSI.30465- 048, 2: 15.1–22.0 mm SL, Coral Sea, Holmes Reef, lee side, 16°30.5′S, 149°30.0′E, patch reef, 3–10 m, AMSTeam; AMSI.33728-083, 4: 11.9–18.1 mmSL, Coral Sea, Ashmore Reef, northeast side, 10°09.52′S, 144°35.44′E, outer slope, 4–24 m, AMSteam, 25 Jan 1993; AMSI.33747-053, 2: 10.0–16.0 mm SL, Coral Sea, Boot Reef, 09°58.70′S, 144°42.52′E, coral, sand and rubble, 23–30 m, AMSteam, 27 Jan 1993; AMSI.33751-053, 20.0 mm SL, Coral Sea, Portlock Reef, east side of eastern reef in southern group, 09°35.19′S, 144°48.62′E, steep slope with coral, 5–31 m, AMSteam, 29 Jan 1993; QMI.36357, 25.5 mmSL, Queensland, off Bunker Group, 23°49.5′S, 152°19.5′E, epibenthic sled, 50 m, Seabed Biodiversity Team, 23 May 2004; QMI.37740, 28.8 mmSL, Queensland, Stradbroke Island, off Point Lookout, Manta Ray Bommie, 27°25′S, 153°33′E, rotenone, 7–11 m, J. Johnson& M. Ekins, 14 Dec 2005.
3026471419
[400,576,759,783]
Indonesia
Paternoster Islands
76
77
1
3026471302
AMS
Australia
Great Barrier Reef
15
-14.583333
Carter Reefs
1287
145.6
Yonge
78
79
1
Queensland
3026471320
[915,1185,1260,1287]
1975-11-08
AMS
Australia
78
79
1
3026471308
AMS
Australia
11
-14.583333
Yonge
1287
145.6
Great Barrier Reef
78
79
1
Queensland
3026471442
[246,527,1332,1359]
1975-11-23
AMS
Australia
78
79
1
3026471471
AMS
Australia
34
-15.833333
Escape Reef
1284
145.83333
Great Barrier Reef
78
79
1
Queensland
3026471531
[1081,1364,1368,1394]
1981-10-27
AMS
Australia
78
79
1
3026471483
AMS
Australia
27
-15.816667
Escape Reef North
1284
145.83333
Great Barrier Reef
78
79
1
Queensland
3026471333
1981-11-01
AMS
Australia
78
79
1
3026471508
AMS
Australia
15
-10.574667
northern Great Barrier Reef
13
143.588
78
79
1
3026471429
[554,829,1512,1538]
1993-01-16
AMS
Australia
78
79
1
3026471346
AMS
Australia
15
-10.444333
Ashmore Reef
13
144.447
Coral Sea
78
79
1
3026471511
[923,1256,1548,1574]
1993-01-17
AMS
Australia
78
79
1
3026471354
1984-09-08
NTM
B. C. Russell
Australia
24
-14.066667
Sandy Islet
1289
121.78333
Scott Reef
78
79
1
Western Australia
3026471414
1984-09-12
NTM
B. C. Russell
Australia
15
-13.25
North Reef
1291
121.9
78
79
1
Western Australia
3026471373
1992-05-07
NTM
J. Short
Australia
18
-12.523334
Cartier Reef
129
123.555
78
79
1
Western Australia
3026471339
WAM
Australia
33
-14.966666
Reefs
1286
145.73334
Great Barrier Reef
78
79
1
3026471427
[639,896,1728,1755]
1985-11-13
R
Australia
Allen
78
79
1
3026471476
AMS
4
Queensland
143.28334
Haggerstone Island
78
79
1
3026471407
[689,968,1800,1826]
1979-02-20
AMS
78
79
1
3026471481
AMS
18
-13.933333
Coral Sea
1289
146.56667
Osprey Reef
78
79
1
3026471390
[988,1262,1836,1862]
1984-11-06
AMS
78
79
1
3026471315
AMS
7
-16.508333
Coral Sea
127
149.5
Holmes Reef
78
79
1
3026471411
AMS
Ashmore and Cartier Islands
14
-10.158667
Coral Sea
13
144.59067
Reef
78
79
1
3026471331
[319,589,1944,1971]
1993-01-25
AMS
Ashmore and Cartier Islands
78
79
1
3026471382
AMS
Ashmore and Cartier Islands
27
-9.978333
Coral Sea
13
144.70866
Boot Reef
78
79
1
3026471450
[671,942,1980,2006]
1993-01-27
AMS
Ashmore and Cartier Islands
78
79
1
3026471507
AMS
Ashmore and Cartier Islands
18
-9.5865
Coral Sea
13
144.81033
Portlock Reef
78
79
1
3026471352
[151,432,151,177]
1993-01-29
AMS
Ashmore and Cartier Islands
79
80
1
3026471499
2004-05-23
QM
Seabed Biodiversity Team
Ashmore and Cartier Islands
50
-23.825
Queensland
125
152.325
Bunker Group
79
80
1
3026471405
2005-12-14
QM
J. Johnson & M. Ekins
Ashmore and Cartier Islands
Manta Ray Bommie
9
-27.416666
Queensland
1237
153.55
Point Lookout
79
80
1