Panopeus herbstii Rathbun, 1930: 336 Cleaning the mud: Integrative approach clarifies the taxonomy of mud crabs of the genus Panopeus H. Milne Edwards, 1834 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Panopeidae) along the Southwestern Atlantic Oliveira-Rogeri, Lucas França, Nielson Felix Caetano Peres, Pedro Augusto Mantelatto, Fernando L. Zoologischer Anzeiger 2023 2023-11-30 307 96 124 4CG74 Rathbun, 1930: 336 Rathbun 336 1930 [132,498,147,167] Malacostraca Panopeidae Panopeus Animalia Decapoda 7 103 Arthropoda species herbstii   3.2.1. Typematerial   Holotype.  Brazil: Paran´a: 1 male, USNM 59462( Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History), Paranagu´a,  03.x.1925(accessed).  3.2.2. Material examined   Brazil:Par´a:  1 female(CW 22.5 mm), MPEG 0838, Curuç´a, 0 ◦35’6.84’’S, 47 ◦50’42.48’’W,  28.viii.2009;  1 female(CW 28.4 mm), MPEG 0839, Curuç´a, 0 ◦35’6.67’’S, 47 ◦50’48.92’’W,  29.v.2010;  1 female(CW 11.8 mm), CCDB 6503, Salin´opolis, 0 ◦36’49.24’’ S, 47 ◦20’35.36’ ’W,  15.vi.2012;  1 male(CW 29.9 mm), CCDB 4450, Sao˜ Joao˜de Pirabas, 0 ◦46’1.21"S, 47 ◦10’12.4"W,  16.xi.2012. –  Maranh˜ao: 3 male(CW 26.9 mm, 27.5 mmand 34.9 mm) and  1 female(CW 26.1 mm), CCDB 6600, S˜ao Jose´de Ribamar, 02 ◦30’31’’S, 44 ◦01’42’’W,  06. xii.2019;  2 male(CW 33.5 mmand 36.8 mm), CCDB 6603, S˜aoJose´de Ribamar, 02 ◦27’55’’S, 44 ◦06’0’’W,  06.xii.2019;  1 male(CW 32.7 mm), CCDB 6669, S˜ao Jose´de Ribamar, 02 ◦36’53’’S, 44 ◦06’2’’W,  10. xii.2019. – Cear´a: 2 male(CW 9.2 mmand 15.1 mm), LABOMAR 592, Camocim; 1 male(CW 21.7 mm) and  1 female(CW 28.3 mm), CCDB 2345, Fortaleza, 03 ◦43’25.4’’S, 38 ◦29’26.7’’W,  22.v.2008;  1 male(CW 23.67 mm), LABOMAR w/n, Rio Pacoti.– Rio Grande do Norte:  2 male(CW 8.2 mmand 11.8 mm), CCDB 7283, Nísia Floresta, 6 ◦0.56’14’’S, 35 ◦0.86’80’’W,  20.ix.2020;  1 male(CW 40.1 mm), CCDB 6743, Nísia Floresta, 6 ◦5’25.7’’S, 35 ◦6’0.1’’W,  27.iv.2014. –  Pernambuco: 1 male(CW 26.9 mm), CCDB 5858, Ipojuca, 08 ◦33’41.84’’S, 35 ◦01’24.89’’W,  20.vii.2015. –  Bahia: 1 male(CW 23.6 mm) and  2 female(CW 14.8 mmand 26.3 mm), CCDB 2599, Ilh´eus, 14 ◦48’30’’S, 39 ◦01’32’’W,  31. iii.2009. –  Espírito Santo: 1 female(CW 13.7 mm), CCDB 1755, Guarapari,  03.iii.2006;  2 female(CW 13.4 mmand 27.9 mm), CCDB 2240, Guarapari,  04.xi.2006;  1 male(CW 20.9 mm), CCDB 2248, Guarapari, 20 ◦39’S, 40 ◦30’W,  04.xi.2006. –  Rio de Janeiro: 1 male(CW 22.6 mm) and  1 female(CW 13.5 mm), CCDB 4787, Paraty, 23 ◦12’05’’ S, 44 ◦43’22’’ W,  06.vii.2011; 6 male(CW 15.1 mm, 23.9 mm, 27.6 mm, 31.2 mm, 31.5 mm, 39.3 mm) and  7 female(CW 18.6 mm, 19.1 mm, 20.3 mm, 22.1 mm, 22.3 mm, 24.5 mm, 26.5 mm), CCDB 3449, Paraty, 23 ◦12’42’’ S, 44 ◦42’55’’ W,  06.vii.2011. – S˜ao Paulo:  1 male(CW 33.4 mm), CCDB 230, Ubatuba, 23 ◦25’20.03"S, 45 ◦3’42.61"W,  11.vii.1998;  2 male(CW 13.8 mm, 29.8 mm), CCDB 3277, Ubatuba, 23 ◦27’S, 45 ◦02’W,  04.iv.2011;  2 female(CW 13.8 mm, 16.8 mm), CCDB 6736, Ubatuba,  23.iv.2012;  1 male(CW 17.6 mm), CCDB 224, Sao˜Sebastiao ˜, 23 ◦48’78.1’’S, 45 ◦24’46.9’’W,  09.x.2000;  2 male(CW 25.4 mmand 33.2 mm), CCDB 226, S˜ao Sebasti˜ao, 23 ◦48’78.1’’S, 45 ◦24’46.9’’W,  09. x.2000;  1 male(CW 16.9 mm), CCDB 2519, S˜ao Sebasti˜ao, 23 ◦48’78.1’’S, 45 ◦24’46.9’’W,  01.ix.2004;  1 male(CW 43.9 mm), CCDB 5170, S˜ao Sebasti˜ao,  10.ix.2013; 1 male(CW 19.5 mm) and  1 female(CW 28.5 mm), CCDB 2452, Cananeia, 24 ◦59’45,1’’ S, 47 ◦54’16,9’’ W,  30.viii.2011;  1 male(CW 18.5 mm), CCDB 5519, Cananeia,  10.iii.2012;  1 male(CW 28.3 mm), CCDB 5869, Cananeia,  07.xii.2012– Paran´a: 1 male(CW 27.6 mm) and  2 female(CW 16.4 mmand 25, 8 mm), CCDB 2285, Guaratuba, 25 ◦52’29.9’’S, 48 ◦34’51.1’’W,  19.ii.2008. –  Santa Catarina: 1 female(CW 23.9 mm), MZUSP 13726, Bombinhas,  xii.1998.  3.2.3. Diagnosis Front quadrilobed with slightly prominent outer lobes and shallow median sinus. Dorsal surface of carapace with transverse granulate striations weakly marked, carapace with smooth appearance; carapace regions not raised. Five teeth forming anterolateral margin of carapace; first and second round-shaped separated by a shallow sinus; third sub-quadrate, while fourth and fifth triangular. Carpus of chelipeds finely granulated, not giving a rough aspect to the structure. Carpal groove not evident. Inner surface of the third maxilliped ischium containing pigmented spot which varies in colour in preserved specimens. Sternites 3 and 4 with prominent granules; suture between these sternites covered by a continuous fringe of setae. Width of pleonite 6 shorter at the distal end than at the proximal end; length: width ratio of pleonite 6 greater than 0.70; socket of pleonal locking mechanism not reaching the half of pleonite 6. Gonopods with trilobed apex typical of  Panopeus, lateral tooth bifid. Vulva more than half the length of the sternite 6; vulva with reniform shape.  3.2.4. Variation Some specimens present a flattening near the distal margin of the carpus of chelipeds which resembles the carpal groove found in other species. However, the flattening can be distinguished from the groove because the latter is more defined, more visible and often deeper than the former. In addition, some specimens may present an ornamentation pattern in the sternites 3 and 4 that resembles small punctuations, rather than granulation.  3.2.5. Distribution Western Atlantic – Brazil(Para´, Maranh˜ao, Piauí, Cear´a, Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, S˜ao Paulo, Parana´, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul) ( Marochi and Masunari, 2011; Mantelatto et al., 2020; present study). 1925-10-03 USNM Brazil Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History 7 103 USNM 59462 1 1 holotype 2009-08-28 MPEG Brazil -0.58523333 1 -47.84513 7 103 MPEG 0838 1 1 2010-05-29 MPEG Brazil -0.58518606 1 -47.84692 7 103 MPEG 0839 1 1 2012-06-15 CCDB Brazil -0.6136778 7 103 CCDB 6503 1 1 2012-11-16 CCDB Sao & Joao & Pirabas Brazil -0.76700276 1 -47.170113 7 103 CCDB 4450 1 1 [652,749,509,530] Brazil Maranhtao 7 103 1 2019-12-06 CCDB Stao Jose & de Ribamar Brazil -2.5086112 21 -44.02833 7 103 CCDB 6600 1 1 2019-12-06 CCDB Stao & Ribamar Brazil -2.465278 21 -44.1 7 103 CCDB 6603 2 2 2019-12-10 CCDB Stao Jose & de Ribamar Brazil -2.614722 21 -44.100555 7 103 CCDB 6669 1 1 2008-05-22 CCDB Fortaleza Brazil -3.7237222 1 -38.49075 7 103 CCDB 2345 1 1 Brazil Rio Pacoti. 7 103 1 1 Rio Grande do Norte 2020-09-20 CCDB Nisia Floresta Brazil 7 103 CCDB 7283 2 2 2014-04-27 CCDB Nisia Floresta Brazil -6.090472 1 -35.100025 7 103 CCDB 6743 1 1 2015-07-20 CCDB Ipojuca Brazil -8.561623 Pernambuco 1 -35.02358 7 103 CCDB 5858 1 1 Pernambuco [236,548,901,920] Brazil Bahia 7 103 1 1 Bahia 2009-03-31 CCDB Brazil -14.808333 21 -39.025555 7 103 CCDB 2599 2 2 2006-03-03 CCDB Guarapari Brazil Espirito Santo 7 103 CCDB 1755 1 1 Espirito Santo 2006-11-04 CCDB Guarapari Brazil 7 103 CCDB 2240 2 2 2006-11-04 CCDB Guarapari Brazil -20.65 1267 -40.5 7 103 CCDB 2248 1 1 Brazil Rio de Janeiro 7 103 1 1 Rio de Janeiro 2011-07-06 CCDB Paraty Brazil -23.20139 21 -44.72278 7 103 CCDB 4787 1 1 2011-07-06 CCDB Paraty Brazil -23.211668 21 -44.71528 7 103 CCDB 3449 7 7 1998-07-11 CCDB Ubatuba Brazil -23.42223 1 -45.061836 7 103 CCDB 230 1 1 2011-04-04 CCDB Ubatuba Brazil -23.45 1256 -45.033333 7 103 CCDB 3277 2 2 2012-04-23 CCDB Ubatuba Brazil 7 103 CCDB 6736 2 2 2000-10-09 CCDB Sao Brazil -45.41303 7 103 CCDB 224 1 1 2000-10-09 CCDB Stao Sebastitao Brazil -45.41303 7 103 CCDB 226 2 2 2004-09-01 CCDB Stao Sebastitao Brazil -45.41303 7 103 CCDB 2519 1 1 2013-09-10 CCDB Stao Sebastitao Brazil 7 103 CCDB 5170 1 1 2011-08-30 CCDB Cananeia Brazil -24.995861 1 -47.904697 7 103 CCDB 2452 1 1 [226,766,1487,1506] 2012-03-10 CCDB Cananeia Brazil 7 103 CCDB 5519 1 1 [100,655,1514,1534] 2012-12-07 CCDB Cananeia Brazil 7 103 CCDB 5869 1 1 2008-02-19 CCDB Guaratuba Brazil -25.874973 1 -48.58086 7 103 CCDB 2285 2 2 1998-12 MZUSP Bombinhas Brazil Santa Catarina 7 103 MZUSP 13726 1 1 Santa Catarina