Girault 1916 : 297 Huber 1988 : 55 Gonatocerus triguttus Burks 1979 : 1026 De Santis 1979 : 367 Gonatocerus triguttatus Girault Huber 1988 : 55 Yoshimoto 1990 : 41 De Santis & Fidalgo 1994 : 125 Triapitsyn & Phillips 2000 : 201 Triapitsyn, Bezark et al. 2002 : 40 Logarzo et al. 2004 : 486 Irvin & Hoddle 2005a : 391 Irvin & Hoddle 2005b : 204 Irvin et al. 2006 : 359 León et al. 2006a : 42 León et al. 2006d : 54 Pilkington & Hoddle 2007a : 1 Pilkington & Hoddle 2007b : 9 León & Morgan 2007 : 83 Review of Gonatocerus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Neotropical region, with description of eleven new species Triapitsyn, Serguei V. Huber, John T. Logarzo, Guillermo A. Berezovskiy, Vladimir V. Aquino, Daniel A. Zootaxa 2010 2010-05-14 2456 1 243 6KPBB Girault, 1916 Girault 1916 [151,837,1475,1501] Insecta Mymaridae Gonatocerus Animalia Hymenoptera 221 222 Arthropoda species triguttatus Cosmocomoidea     Gonatocerus triguttatus  Girault 1916: 297–298. Lectotype female [USNM] (examined), designated by  Huber 1988: 55. Type locality: Caroni, Trinidad Island, Trinidad and Tobago.    Gonatocerus triguttus[sic] Girault:  Burks 1979: 1026.     Gonatocerus( Gonatocerus) triguttatus triguttatusGirault:  De Santis 1979: 367(catalog).     Gonatocerus triguttatusGirault:  Huber 1988: 55–57 ( lectotypedesignation, redescription, diagnosis, distribution);  Yoshimoto 1990: 41(list, aterspecies group);  De Santis & Fidalgo 1994: 125(catalog);  Triapitsyn & Phillips 2000: 201–202 (distribution, first known host record);  Triapitsyn, Bezark et al.2002: 40(distribution, host associations); Triapitsyn, Hoddle et al.2002: 654 (distribution, host associations);  Logarzo et al.2004: 486(distribution, host associations); Irvin & Hoddle 2004: 504–509 (biology);  Irvin & Hoddle 2005a: 391–399 (biology);  Irvin & Hoddle 2005b: 204–213 (biology); de León2005: 298–300 (molecular data on specimens from Texas, USA); Triapitsyn et al.2006: 63 (molecular data); Triapitsyn 2006a: 22–24 (taxonomic history, diagnosis, distribution, host associations);  Irvin et al.2006: 359–373 (larval morphology, competition studies); de   León et al.2006a: 42(molecular data); de   León et al.2006d: 54(molecular data); de León et al.2006e: 57–58 (molecular data); de León& Morgan 2006: 61 (molecular data);  Pilkington & Hoddle 2007a: 1–7 (biology);  Pilkington & Hoddle 2007b: 9–14 (predictions on performance as biological control agent); de   León& Morgan 2007: 83(molecular data); de León et al.2008: 99, 104–105 (molecular data).     Materialexamined. MEXICO. BAJA CALIFORNIASUR,  10 kmN of La Paz,  28.x.1983, J.D. Pinto[ 1 ♀, BMNH].  YUCATÁN, Uxmal,  28.vii.1984, G. Gordh[ 1 ♀, UCRC].   TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO. Trinidad Island, Mitan,  i.1915, F.W. Urich(“ Bredfrom egg-mass of leafhopper”) [ 5 ♀, BMNH].   Redescription.See Huber (1988).   Diagnosis.  Gonatocerus( Cosmocomoidea) triguttatusis a member of the atersubgroup of the aterspecies group. Its main distinguishing features are as follows: head and mesosoma of female generally yellow, gaster light yellow with brown bands on terga ( Fig. 474); mesonotum of male slightly darker, with light brown or brown areas; female antenna ( Fig. 472) with mps present on all funicle segments; propodeum ( Fig. 473) with submedian carinae thick, distinct, extending to its anterior margin; wings hyaline, forewing ( Figs 475, 477) with cubital row of setae complete, extending to base of marginal vein. Also illustrated here are the male antenna ( Fig. 476) and genitalia ( Fig. 478).   Gonatocerus triguttatusis closely related to  G.( Cosmocomoidea) uatTriapitsynand  G.( Cosmocomoidea) ashmeadiGirault(see cladogram in Triapitsyn et al.2006), both of which have a dark brown mesosoma in both sexes; it differs genetically from another closely related and morphologically very similar South American species  G.( Cosmocomoidea) metanotalis(Ogloblin)(de León2005; de León et al.2006e), from which it can be separated by the presence of at least 1 (usually 2) mps on F1 of the female antenna (none in  G. metanotalis).   Distribution.NEOTROPICAL: Ecuador,  Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, and Trinidad and Tobago(Triapitsyn 2006a). NEARCTIC:  Mexico, and USA( California, Florida, Texas) (Triapitsyn 2006a). Introduced into Californiaagainst  Homalodisca vitripennis(Germar), initially from Tamaulipas,  Mexico, and then from Texasand established there ( Morgan et al.2000; Morgan et al.2002; Triapitsyn, Bezark et al.2002; Pilkington et al.2005; Triapitsyn 2006a).   Hosts.  Homalodisca liturataBall(under laboratory conditions and also likely in the field following introduction into southern California),  H. vitripennis(Germar),  Oncometopia clarior( Walker),  O. nigricans( Walker),  Oncometopiasp., and  Pseudometopia amblardii(Signoret)or  P. phalaesia(Distant) (Cicadellidae)(Triapitsyn 2006a). 1639354096 1983-10-28 BMNH J. D. Pinto Mexico Material 222 223 1 1 BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR 1639354126 [265,950,1508,1534] 1984-07-28 UCRC G. Gordh Mexico Uxmal 222 223 1 1 YUCATAN 1639354186 1915-01 BMNH F. W. Urich & Bred Trinidad and Tobago Mitan Trinidad Island 222 223 5 5