Immature stages of the Rubiaceae-feeding metalmark butterflies (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), and a new function for the tentacle nectary organs Nielsen, Gregory J. Kaminski, Lucas A. Zootaxa 2018 2018-11-20 4524 1 1 32 (Hewitson, 1873) Hewitson 1873 [151,722,1616,1643] Insecta Riodinidae Leucochimona GBIF Animalia Lepidoptera 19 20 Arthropoda subSpecies icare matatha   Description of immature stages. Egg( Fig. 118). Embryonic development 8–9 days (n = 10). Height 0.36– 0.40 mm; diameter 0.60 mm(n = 5). Pale yellow-cream when freshly laid. Spherical with a flat bottom and have a pattern of small hexagons cells armed with small spines on the rib intersections. Micropilar area centered on the top.   FIGURES 105–115.Immature stages of  Leucochimona icare icare. 105, recently oviposited egg; 106, first instar; 107, second instar; 108, third instar; 109, fourth instar; 110–111, fifth (last) instar in dorsal (110) and ventral (111) views; 112–113, prepupa in dorsal (112) and lateral (113) views; 114, pupa in dorsal view; 115, pupa in lateral (left) and ventral (right) view.  First instar( Fig. 119). Duration 3 days (n = 10). Head capsule width 0.30–0.32 mm(n = 4). Maximum length 2 mm. Head capsule whitish tan with black stemmata. Body whitish with intestinal content visible. Dorsal setae on prothoracic plate and abdominal segments black, subdorsal and lateral setae whitish.  Second instar.Duration 3–4 days (n = 10). Head capsule width 0.50–0.52 mm(n = 9), maximum length 3.5 mm. Head tan colored. Body whitish green with a subdorsal line of white spots. Dorsal setae dark brown, lateral setae and spiracles white. TNOs whitish.  Third instar( Fig. 120). Duration 4 days (n = 10). Head capsule width 0.80–0.82 mm(n = 10), maximum length 6 mm. Head light green, body greenish with black setae dorsally and white setae laterally. TNOs are light green  Fourth (last) instar( Figs. 121–122). Duration 6 days (n = 10). Head capsule width 1.40–1.60 mm(n = 8), maximum length 14 mm. Head light green, stemmata black; body medium yellowish-green with black setae dorsally and white setae laterally; spiracles white. TNOs are light green.  Pupa( Figs. 123–124). Duration 11–12 days (n = 9). Maximum length 10–11 mm(n = 4), width at A2 3.5 mm. Body color green with white areas on prothorax and metathorax. A2 crested, anterior green, crest brown. Distal margin of wing case dark brown. On A4–A8, lateral area below spiracles black; spiracles white. A9–A10 red brown dorsally. Short setae upright on thoracic segments, pointing posteriorly on abdomen. Longer setae on mesothorax tubercles and A2 crest. Eye capsule setose. Silk girdle passes over A2.