Coptorhina klugii Hope 1835:97
Boheman 1857:208
Coptorhina klugi Hope
Péringuey 1901:288
Janssens 1939:35
Ferreira 1972:357
Gillet 1911:48
Ferreira 1954:5
Coptorhina africana Hope 1835:96
Ferreira 1967:308
Janssens 1939:31
Ferreira 1972:354–356
Gillet 1911:47
Ferreira 1954:2
Coptorhina vicina Péringuey 1901:287
Janssens 1939:35
Ferreira 1972:359
Gillet 1911:48
Ferreira 1967:309
Ferreira 1954:4
Coptorhina obtusicornis Boheman 1857:209
Péringuey 1901:288
Janssens 1939:33
Ferreira 1972:358
Gillet 1911:48
Ferreira 1967:309
Ferreira 1954:2
Coptorhina punctata Ferreira 1954:5
Ferreira 1972:358
Coptorhina optata Péringuey 1901:288
Ferreira 1972:358
Gillet 1911:48
Ferreira 1967:309
Ferreira 1954:6
Coptorhina punctata
Coptorhina punctata M.C. Ferreira, 1954
Coptorhina nitidipennis Boh. J.J.E. Gillet
Coptorhina punctata M. C. Ferreira, 1954
Coptorhina punctata
Coptorhina optata
Coptorhina optata Typ.
Revision of the obligate mushroom-feeding African ‘‘ dung beetle’ ’ genus Coptorhina Hope (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
Frolov, Andrey V.
Akhmetova, Lilia A.
Scholtz, Clarke H.
Journal of Natural History
2008
2008-06-30
42
21 - 24
1477
1508
Y883
Hope
Hope. The
2008
[556,825,874,898]
Insecta
Scarabaeidae
Coptorhina
Animalia
Coleoptera
16
1491
Arthropoda
species
klugii
( Figures 6, 13F, 19)
Coptorhina klugii Hope 1835:97; Boheman 1857:208, 209. Coptorhina klugiHope: Péringuey 1901:288, 289; Janssens 1939:35, 39; Ferreira 1972:357; Gillet 1911:48; Ferreira 1954:5, 6; unjustified emendation. Coptorhina africana Hope 1835:96; Ferreira 1967:308; Janssens 1939:31, 35, 39; Ferreira 1972:354–356; Gillet 1911:47; Ferreira 1954:2; syn. n. Coptorhina vicina Péringuey 1901:287, 289; Janssens 1939:35, 39; Ferreira 1972:359; Gillet 1911:48; Ferreira 1967:309, 314; Ferreira 1954:4; syn. n. Coptorhina obtusicornis Boheman 1857:209; Péringuey 1901:288, 292; Janssens 1939:33, 37; Ferreira 1972:358; Gillet 1911:48; Ferreira 1967:309, 310, 313; Ferreira 1954:2; syn. n. Coptorhina punctata Ferreira 1954:5; Ferreira 1972:358; syn. n. Coptorhina optata Péringuey 1901:288, 290; Ferreira 1972:358; Gillet 1911:48; Ferreira 1967:309, 310, 313; Ferreira 1954:6, 7; syn. n.
Typematerial examined Coptorhina klugii. Holotype ♀with labels ‘‘21’’, ‘‘Type Col: 451 Coptorhina Klugi Hope HOPE DEPT.OXFORD’’, ‘‘TYPE HOPE Trans. Zool. Soc. 1. P. 96. Coll. Hope Oxon.’’, ‘‘ Klugii HopeZ.J?’’ ( UMO).
Coptorhina Africana. Holotype „with labels ‘‘TYPE HOPE Trans. Zool. Soc. 1. P. 96. T. I+8. 2 Coll. Hope Oxon.’’, ‘‘ Coptorhina africana Hope Z.J.’’, ‘‘Type Col: 450 Coptorhina africana Hope HOPE DEPT.OXFORD’’ (UMO). Figure 19. Coptorhinaspp., distribution map. Coptorhina vicina. Syntype „with labels ‘‘Type SAMC’’, ‘‘Ent 2767’’, ‘‘Ricatla Delagoa’’, ‘‘ Coptorhina vicina Péring.Type’’ ( SANC). Coptorhina obtusicornis. Holotypewith labels ‘‘ Caffraria.’’, ‘‘ J. Wahlb’’, ‘‘ Type’’, ‘‘obtusicornis. Bhn.’’, ‘‘obtusicornis Boh’’, ‘‘3647 E92+’’, ‘‘159 54’’ ( NHRS).
Coptorhina punctata. Holotypewith labels ‘‘Pretoria 28.XI.1921A. Roberts’’, ‘‘HOLOTIPO Coptorhina punctata M.C. Ferreira, 1954’’. Paratypewith labels ‘‘Uitzicht Zautpansberg distr. Nov, 24 (Hezke)’’, ‘‘ Coptorhina nitidipennis Boh. J.J.E. Gilletdet.’’, ‘‘PARATIPO Coptorhina punctata M. C. Ferreira, 1954’’, ‘‘ Paratypus Coptorhina punctata sp.n.M.C. Ferreira 1954’’ (TMSA). Coptorhina optata. Syntype „with labels ‘‘ Coptorhina optata Typ.’’, ‘‘ S.E. Trop. Afr. Manica, Christmass Pass. F.C. Selous.1892.’’, ‘‘Type SAMC/Ent 2769’’ ( SAMC).
Additional material examined Mozambique: Movo[12 °559 S 40 °009 E], 24 May 1936, 1 spm. ( TMSA); Inharrime[24 °289 S 35 °019 E], 1983, P.P. de Moorleg. 1 spm. ( TMSA); 50/ 100kmN Massinga[ 23 °059 S35 °209 E], 13 December 2003, Wernerand Lizlerleg. 1 spm. ( KWCP); Ricatla, Delagoa[25 °469 S 32 °379 E], 1 spm. ( SANC), H.A. Junodleg. 1 spm. ( BMSA); Delagoa Bay[25 °599 S 32 °429 E], Monten? leg. 1 spm. ( SAMC), 1918, 2 spm. ( BMNH); Lourenco-Marques[25 °589 S 32 °349 E], Dr G. Audeoud Makulane( T.d.) leg. 5 spm. ( MSNG); Delagoa[23 °589 S 28 °459 E], H. Junodleg. 6 spm. ( IRSNB); Valley of KolaR. [16 °289 S 35 °129 E], 2 April 1913, 1500–2000 ft, S. A. Neaveleg. 3 spm. ( BMNH); Ponta do Ouro[26 °519 S 32 °549 E], 25–27 February 1968, 4 spm. ( BMSA); Manhoca[26 °499 S 32 °359 E], 23 October 1965, G. Veiga Ferreiraleg. 1 spm. ( BMSA); Maputo[25 °489 S 32 °519 E], 1 spm. ( IRSNB); 1905, 1 spm. ( BMNH); 1 spm. ( IRSNB); Coll. P.de Moffarts, 2 spm. ( IRSNB); 1 spm. ( IRSNB). Zimbabwe: Mashonaland, Salisbury[17 °499 S 31 °029 E], G.A.K. Marshallleg. 1 spm. ( TMSA); Christmaspass [18 °559 S 32 °389 E], 1 „( SANC). South Africa: Natal, 2 spm. ( BMNH), 4 spm. ( IRSNB), 1 spm. ( SAMC), 1 spm. ( ZMHB), 1 spm. ( ZMHB); Natal, E. Candezeleg. 3 spm. ( IRSNB); Natal, J. Thomsonleg. 1 spm. ( IRSNB); Natal, De Bonneuil, 2 spm. ( IRSNB); Natal, 1913, H. Swaleleg. 1 spm. ( BMNH); Capeof Good Hope, J. Thomsonleg. 1 spm. ( IRSNB); South Africa, coll. P. de Moffarts1 spm. ( IRSNB); Transvaal, Cutterleg. 1 spm. ( IRSNB); Transvaal, 10.VIII.97; 1 spm. ( ZMHB); Eastern Cape: Grahams Town[33 °189 S 26 °329 E], 26 January 1917, P. Hollleg. 1 spm. ( AMGS); Pretoria[30 °479 S 28 °359 E], January 1941, K. Wooldridgeleg. 1 spm. ( AMGS), L. Vanleg. 1 spm. ( TMSA); Komga[32 °359 S 27 °549 E], 24 January 1972, J.H. Brillleg. 1 spm. ( TMSA); Port Natal[Durban], Hoppleg., 1 spm. ( ZMHB). E. London[ 33 °029 S27 °559 E], 1915, Lightfootleg. 1 spm. ( SAMC). Free State: Tigerkloof[27 °519 S 28 °189 E], February 1901, H.B. Marleyleg. 5 spm. ( BMNH); Bethlehem district28 °159 S 28 °209 E, 15 January 1996, M.M. v.d. Merweleg. 1 ♀. ( UPSA); Florida district[29 °569 S 26 °099 E], February 1967, D.K. Greenleg. 1 spm. ( TMSA); Vrede 27 °009 S 28 °009 E, 9–15 February 1979, A. Strydomleg. 1 spm. ( BMSA). Gauteng: Verwoerdburg25 °499 S 28 °139 E, 1 April 1995, J. Weiermansleg. 1 spm. ( UPSA); Premier Game Farm, Cullinan25 °409 S 28 °299 E, 22 November 2001, 1309m, 4 spm. ( TMSA); Alberton[26 °149 S 28 °089 E], 24 December 1973, G. Tribeleg. 4 spm. ( SANC), 14 April 1974, G. Tribeleg. 1 spm. ( SANC); Johannesburg[26 °129 S 28 °059 E], March 1929, G. Kobrowleg. 1 spm. ( TMSA). KwaZulu-Natal: Durban[29 °519 S 31 °019 E], 3 spm. ( BMNH), 1 spm. ( NMPC); Mkuzi Game Reserve[27 °389 S 32 °159 E], 24 December 1972, A.L.V. Davisleg. 1 spm. ( SANC); Charter’s Greek[28 °129 S 32 °269 E], 26 February 1971, H.D. Brownleg. 1 spm. ( SANC); Ndumu Game Reserve26 °879 S 32 °259 E, 20–22 November 2002, A. Frolovleg. 6 spm. ( UPSA, ZIN), 8–11 November 1971, A. Strydomleg. 1 spm. ( TMSA); Ndumu Game Reserve[26 °549 S 32 °199 E], 22 January 1990, S. van. Noortleg. 1 spm. ( SAMC); Frere[28 °539 S 29 °469 E], 1892, A. Marshallleg. 2 spm. ( IRSNB); Krantzkloof[28 °519 S 30 °439 E], 1911, 1 spm. ( BMNH); Sodwana27 °329 S 32 °409 E, 24 March 1995, L. Niemandleg. 1 spm. ( UPSA); Mabibi27 °209 S 32 °239 E, 8 April 1995, L. Niemandleg. 1 spm. ( UPSA); Mkuzi Game Reserve[27 °389 S 32 °159 E], 3–4 December 1973, K.M. Paschalidisleg. 2 spm. ( SANC), 22 December 1973, A.V.L. Davisleg. 2 spm. ( SANC), 1–3 April 1984, A.J. Weavingleg. 3 spm. ( AMGS), 31 March 1984, A.J. Weavingleg. 1 spm. ( AMGS); Lower Tugela[river] [29 °149 S 31 °309 E], October 1902, E.D. Reynoldsleg. 1 spm. ( BMNH); 56kmNW of Melmoth[28 °209 S 31 °109 E], 31 October–1 November 2001, A.L.V. Davisleg. 1 spm. ( UPSA); Newcastle[27 °459 S 29 °569 E], 1894, A. E. Huntleg. 1 spm. ( SAMC); Estcourt[ 29 °009 S29 °539 E], 1 spm. ( SAMC); Hluhluwe Game Reserve 28 °059 S 32 °049 E, 19 November 1992, Endrödy-Youngaleg. 6 spm. ( TMSA); Roodedraaifarm [28 °539 S 29 °589 E], 5 April 1997, L. Erasmusleg. 1 spm. ( SANC); Malvern[29 °539 S 30 °559 E], 4 spm. ( DMSA); Durban[29 °519 S 31 °019 E], 26 December 1905, 1 spm. ( TMSA), 1911, 1 spm. ( BMNH), 25 February 1905, 1 spm. ( DMSA); False bay[27 °559 S 32 °229 E], 23 November 2000, P. Schuleleg. 11 spm. ( TMSA); Scottburgh[30 °179 S 30 °459 E], December 1941, S. Cooperleg. 1 spm. ( AMGS); New Hanover[29 °219 S 30 °329 E], January 1955, N.B. Baverleg. 1 spm. ( TMSA); Ladysmith[28 °339 S 29 °479 E], 1922, Andrew Bequestleg. 2 spm. ( BMNH); Sodwana Bay National Park27 °329 S 32 °419 E, 9–13 November 1986, Evans, d’Hotman, Nelleg. 1 spm. ( UPSA); Umvoti[29 °099 S 30 °459 E], H. Fryleg. 1 spm. ( SANC), 1 spm. ( SAMC), 1 spm. ( IRSNB); Dukuduku28 °229 S 32 °509 E, January 1978, G.L. Prinslooleg. 1 spm. ( SANC); Ladysmith[28 °299 S 29 °459 E], 1 spm. ( BMNH); False Bay[27 °559 S 32 °229 E], 22–23 September 2000, K. Wernerleg. 8 spm. ( KWCP); Estcourt[ 29 °009 S29 °539 E], 1922, Andrew Bequestleg. 1 spm. ( BMNH); Isipingo[29 °599 S 30 °569 E], February 1896, 1 spm. ( BMNH); Hluhluwe, Falaza Game Reserve[ 28 °029 S32 °179 E], 10–15 November 2001, A. Ballerioleg. 2 spm. ( ZIN); Ndumu[26 °879 S 32 °259 E], December 1960, van Sonleg. 2 spm. ( TMSA), 1 spm ( ZMHB); Tembe Elephant Park26 °519 S 32 °249 E, 28 November 1998, Pieterle Roux leg. 1 spm. ( SANC); Umziki Pan Reserve, near Hluhluwe32 °229 S 28 °009 E, 4 April 1994, P.E. Reavellleg. 1 spm. ( SANC); Malvern[29 °539 S 30 °559 E], P. de Moffartsleg. 2 spm. ( IRSNB); Farm Kuleni, Hluhluwe District27 °549 S 32 °229 E, 12–14 February 1990, B. Grobbelaarleg. 1 spm. ( SANC); 5 kmS of Hluhluwe[ 28 °029 S32 °179 E], 5–10 February 1981, Bush, C. Foxleg. 2 spm. ( SANC); Mnyalsa[not traced], 1 November 1979, C.R. Owenleg. 1 spm. ( TMSA); Parryleg. 2 spm. ( IRSNB); Zululand, 2 spm. ( BMNH);8 spm. ( BMNH). Limpopo: Soutpansberg[22 °589 S 29 °459 E], 3 spm. ( ZMHB); Moorddrift[24 °159 S 28 579 E], December 1914, C.J. Swierstraleg. 1 spm. ( TMSA); Cap[23 °589 S 28 °459 E], 1 spm. ( IRSNB),1 spm. ( NMPC); Pumbesands, Kruger National Park24 °139 S 31 °569 E, 22 November 1994, ground trap, meat bait, Endrödy-Youngaleg. 8 spm. ( TMSA); Pumbesands, Kruger National Park[24 °129 S 31 °559 E], 22 November 1994, Endrödy, Bellamyleg. 4 spm. ( TMSA); Blouberg23 °109 S 28 °509 E, 20 December 2003, ground trap, meat bait, A. Frolovleg. 5 spm. ( UPSA, ZIN); Klaserie[ 24 °059 S31 °159 E], 5 November 1971, T. Bouwerleg. 1 spm. ( SANC); Rustenburg[24 °569 S 27 °099 E], December 1909, M.C. Ferreiraleg. 1 spm. ( TMSA); Delagoa[23 °589 S 28 °459 E], November 1913, Julliardleg. 3 spm. ( MSNG); 6 kmW of Klaserie[ 24 °059 S31 °159 E], 5 November 1971, H.D. Brown, D. Wessels, A.S. Prinslooleg. 1 spm. ( SANC); 75kmW of Messina[22 °219 S 30 °039 E], 24 November 1974, A.L.V. Davisleg. 1 spm. ( SANC). Mpumalanga: Maboki, Lydenburg[25 °069 S 30 °279 E], 1917, F.J. Kroegerleg. 2 spm. ( SAMC); Barberton[25 °479 S 31 °039 E], 1911, P. Rendallleg. 1 spm. ( BMNH), December 1940, W.G. Kobrowleg. 2 spm. ( TMSA), 14 January 1909, G.M. Jefferyleg. 1 spm. ( TMSA); Stoffberg – Rosenkaal[25 °259 S 28 °509 E], 22 November 2001, Wernerand Lizlerleg. 4 spm. ( KWCP); Lydenburg District[25 °069 S 30 °279 E], 1981, A.L.V. Davisleg. 1 spm. ( SANC), 1896, P.A. Krantzleg. 1 spm. ( TMSA), 1883, Dunn? leg. 1 spm. ( SAMC), 1879, T. Ayresleg. 2 spm. ( SAMC); Ermelo[26 °329 S 29 °599 E], 1934, G. Kobrowleg. 1 spm. ( TMSA); Piet Retief District[ 27 °009 S30 °489 E], 1903, R. Crawshayleg. 1 spm. ( BMNH). North-west: Vryburg[26 °579 S 24 °449 E], 1 spm. ( SAMC); Potchefstroom District[26 °439 S 27 °069 E], 1879, T. Ayresleg. 4 spm. ( SAMC), 1 spm. ( IRSNB); Magaliesberg[25 °509 S 27 °309 E], V. de Pollleg. 2 spm. ( IRSNB). Western Cape: Gamkaberg, Little Karoo33 °449 S 21 °579 E, 21 December 1993, ground trap, banana bait, Endrödy-Youngaleg. 1 spm. ( TMSA); Keurbooms River[ 34 °019 S23 °259 E], April 1947, W.E. Callettleg. 1 spm. ( TMSA). Lesotho: Basoutoland, 1925, R. Ellenbergleg. 3 spm. ( IRSNB). Diagnosis This species is most similar to C. davidiand C. angolensisbut differs from them in the shape of the transverse pronotal carina which is lacking tubercles in larger specimens ( Figure 6). From other species it differs in having narrow lateral borders of the pronotum and evenly rounded lateral sides of the pronotum. From C. nitefactait also differs in having densely punctured upper side of body. Description Strongly convex, black to dark-brown, subopaque beetle. Body length 10.5– 20.5 mm, width 7.5-14.0 mm. Dorsal surface without visible setae. Head. Clypeus with protruding anterior angles separated by deep sinuation ( Figure 6). Sinuation right-angled to broadly rounded. Protruding angles acute to narrowly rounded apically, with short longitudinal carinae on the upper side. Genae obtusely rounded. Genal sutures feebly distinct. Lateral margins of clypeus sinuate near genal sutures in some individuals. Frontal suture feebly visible, broadly interrupted in the middle. Head very densely and evenly punctuate, punctures sometimes adjacent and sculpture appears rugose. Antennal club dark-brown. Pronotum. Trapezoidal, two times wider than long. Anterior margin and base not bordered. Sides more or less evenly rounded. Lateral border relatively narrow, evenly tapering basally and apically. Pronotum divided into larger anterior part and smaller posterior part by a transverse carina ( Figure 6). The carina is more developed in larger specimens. Anterior part of pronotum rugose to granulate, excavated laterally in larger specimens. Posterior part in specimens with well developed carina densely punctuate. Elytra. Striae fine but distinct, punctate (punctures separated by 3–4 puncture diameter). Intervals flat, very densely punctuate, punctures separated by about 1 puncture diameter, sometimes almost adjacent; their margins sometimes indistinct especially in apical part. Underside. Pygidium with fine border, its disc densely punctate. Abdominal and thoracic sternites coarsely punctate except for disc of metasternum which is very sparsely to almost indistinctly punctuate. Aedeagus. Parameres with widely rounded apices in lateral view. Variability Except for the body size variability the beetles differ in shape and sculpture of pronotum. Smaller specimens have less developed transverse pronotal carina and slightly or almost not excavated anterolateral sides of pronotum. Distribution The species is distributed mostly in South Africaand southern Mozambique. The two northernmost isolated localities are in northern Mozambique: Movo and valley of the Kola River ( Figure 19). Remarks Hope (1835)described two species, C. klugiiHopeand C. africanaHopefrom the Cape of Good Hope and Sierra Leone, respectively. The latter species was listed then in all catalogues and reviews and was designated the typespecies of the genus by Janssens (1939). There are, however, no other findings of this species recorded nor are any Coptorhinaspecies(except for C. nitidipennis) known from West Africa. Examination of the typesof C. africanaand C. klugiishowed that they belong to the same species and the differences between them are within the limits of interspecific variability of the species commonly known as C. klugii. As the description of C. africanais based on apparently mislabelled specimen, we consider it a junior synonym of C. klugii. Coptorhina obtusicornisBohemanwas described from a specimen from the basin of the Limpopo River. Its main diagnostic character is the short, obtuse anterior clypeal processes which are normally long and acute in other Coptorhinaspecies.We found, however, a few such specimens among the series of C. klugii. The particular form of clypeus could be a result of malformation or, less probably, abrasion. Except for the clypeus, the holotypeof C. obtusicornisis very similar to C. klugii. The type locality also agrees with the known range of the latter. We believe the description of C. obtusicornisis based on an aberrant specimen of C. klugii, therefore we propose the new synonymy here. Péringuey (1901)described two new species, C. optataand C. vicina, from single specimens from Zimbabweand Mozambiquerespectively. He wrote that both species are similar to C. klugiiand can be separated from it by the shape of pronotum. Examination of the typeof C. vicinashowed that it cannot be distinguished from the smaller specimens of C. klugiiwhich have feebly developed transverse pronotal carina. We found no differences in the shape of the pronotum between the typeof C. optataand typical specimens of C. klugiiwith well developed carina, contrary to the characters given in the original description. Therefore we consider the two specific names synonyms of C. klugii. Coptorhina punctata Ferreirawas described from a few specimens from South Africa. Weexamined the holotypeand the paratypeof this species and found no characters to separate it from specimens of C. klugiiwith feebly developed transversal pronotal carina. Consequently, it too, is considered a synonym.
SANC
17
1492
1
syntype
NHRS
Caffraria. & J. Wahlb' & Type' & Bhn. & Boh'
17
1492
1
holotype
SAMC
S. E. Trop. Afr. & Christmass Pass. F. C. Selous.
Manica
18
1493
1
Manica
syntype
[213,1040,562,587]
1936-05-24
TMSA
Mozambique
Movo
40.15
18
1493
1
TMSA
P. P. de Moor
Mozambique
Inharrime
35.316666
18
1493
1
2003-12-13
KWCP
Werner & Lizler
Mozambique
-23.983334
Massinga
18
1493
1
[213,857,658,683]
SANC
Mozambique
Delagoa
Ricatla
18
1493
1
[327,1069,690,715]
SAMC
Monten
Mozambique
Delagoa Bay
18
1493
1
T, MSNG
Dr G. Audeoud Makulane
Mozambique
Lourenco-Marques
18
1493
1
IRSNB
H. Junod
Mozambique
Delagoa
18
1493
1
1913-04-02
BMNH
S. A. Neave
Mozambique
533
Valley of Kola
18
1493
1
1968-02-25
1968-02-27
1968-02-25
BMSA
Mozambique
Ponta do Ouro
18
1493
1
1965-10-23
BMSA
G. Veiga Ferreira
Mozambique
Manhoca
18
1493
1
[558,1074,882,907]
IRSNB
Mozambique
Maputo
18
1493
1
Maputo
TMSA
G. A. K. Marshall
Zimbabwe
Salisbury
31.483334
18
1493
1
Mashonaland West
[459,1005,978,1002]
SANC
Zimbabwe
Christmas
18
1493
1
BMNH
South Africa
South Africa
18
1493
1
[331,798,1042,1066]
IRSNB
E. Candeze
South Africa
Natal
18
1493
1
IRSNB
J. Thomson
South Africa
Natal
18
1493
1
[332,766,1074,1098]
IRSNB
De Bonneuil
South Africa
Natal
18
1493
1
BMNH
H. Swale
South Africa
Natal
18
1493
1
[332,950,1106,1130]
IRSNB
J. Thomson
South Africa
Good Hope
18
1493
1
Western Cape
IRSNB
P. de Moffarts
South Africa
South Africa
18
1493
1
[589,1036,1138,1162]
IRSNB
Cutter
South Africa
Transvaal
18
1493
1
ZMHB
South Africa
Transvaal
18
1493
1
1917-01-26
AMGS
P. Holl
South Africa
Grahams Town
18
1493
1
Eastern Cape
1941-01
AMGS
K. Wooldridge
South Africa
Pretoria
18
1493
1
1972-01-24
TMSA
J. H. Brill
South Africa
Komga
18
1493
1
ZMHB
Hopp
South Africa
Port Natal
18
1493
1
SAMC
Lightfoot
South Africa
-33.483334
London
18
1493
1
1901-02
BMNH
H. B. Marley
South Africa
Tigerkloof
18
1493
1
Free State
1996-01-15
UPSA
Merwe
South Africa
Bethlehem district
18
1493
1
1
1967-02
TMSA
D. K. Green
South Africa
Florida district
18
1493
1
1979-02-09
1979-02-15
1979-02-09
BMSA
A. Strydom
South Africa
-27.15
Vrede
1238
28.15
18
1493
1
1995-04-01
UPSA
J. Weiermans
South Africa
Verwoerdburg
18
1493
1
Gauteng
TMSA
South Africa
2001
Cullinan
Premier Game Farm
18
1493
1
1973-12-24
SANC
G. Tribe
South Africa
Alberton
18
1493
1
1974-04-14
SANC
G. Tribe
South Africa
18
1493
1
1929-03
TMSA
G. Kobrow
South Africa
Johannesburg
28.983334
18
1493
1
BMNH
South Africa
Durban
31.316668
18
1493
1
KwaZulu-Natal
1972-12-24
SANC
A. L. V. Davis
South Africa
Mkuzi Game Reserve
18
1493
1
1971-02-26
SANC
H. D. Brown
South Africa
19
1494
Charter's Greek
18
1493
1
2002-11-20
2002-11-22
2002-11-20
UPSA, ZIN
A. Frolov
South Africa
Ndumu Game Reserve
19
1494
1
1971-11-08
1971-11-11
1971-11-08
TMSA
A. Strydom
South Africa
19
1494
1
1990-01-22
SAMC
Noort
South Africa
Ndumu Game Reserve
19
1494
1
IRSNB
A. Marshall
South Africa
Frere
19
1494
1
BMNH
South Africa
Krantzkloof
19
1494
1
1995-03-24
UPSA
L. Niemand
South Africa
Sodwana
19
1494
1
1995-04-08
UPSA
L. Niemand
South Africa
Mabibi
19
1494
1
1973-12-03
1973-12-04
1973-12-03
SANC
K. M. Paschalidis
South Africa
Mkuzi Game Reserve
19
1494
1
1973-12-22
SANC
A. V. L. Davis
South Africa
19
1494
1
[257,850,458,482]
1984-04-01
1984-04-03
1984-04-01
AMGS
A. J. Weaving
South Africa
19
1494
1
1984-03-31
AMGS
A. J. Weaving
South Africa
19
1494
1
1902-10
BMNH
E. D. Reynolds
South Africa
Lower Tugela
19
1494
1
2001-10-31
2001-11-01
2001-10-31
UPSA
A. L. V. Davis
South Africa
Melmoth
19
1494
1
[146,987,587,611]
SAMC
A. E. Hunt
South Africa
Newcastle
19
1494
1
SAMC
South Africa
-29.15
Estcourt
19
1494
1
1992-11-19
TMSA
Endrody-Younga
South Africa
-28.983334
Hluhluwe Game Reserve
1229
32.816666
19
1494
1
1997-04-05
SANC
L. Erasmus
South Africa
Roodedraai
19
1494
1
DMSA
South Africa
Malvern
19
1494
1
[352,1098,715,740]
1905-12-26
TMSA
South Africa
Durban
31.316668
19
1494
1
[436,861,748,772]
1905-02-25
DMSA
South Africa
19
1494
1
2000-11-23
TMSA
P. Schule
South Africa
False bay
19
1494
1
1941-12
AMGS
S. Cooper
South Africa
Scottburgh
19
1494
1
1955-01
TMSA
N. B. Baver
South Africa
New Hanover
19
1494
1
BMNH
Andrew Bequest
South Africa
Ladysmith
19
1494
1
1986-11-09
1986-11-13
1986-11-09
UPSA
Evans & d'Hotman & Nel
South Africa
Sodwana Bay National Park
19
1494
1
[146,803,941,965]
SANC
H. Fry
South Africa
Umvoti
19
1494
1
1978-01
SANC
G. L. Prinsloo
South Africa
Dukuduku
19
1494
1
[263,847,1005,1030]
BMNH
South Africa
Ladysmith
19
1494
1
2000-09-22
2000-09-23
2000-09-22
KWCP
K. Werner
South Africa
False Bay
19
1494
1
BMNH
Andrew Bequest
South Africa
-29.15
Estcourt
19
1494
1
1896-02
BMNH
South Africa
Isipingo
19
1494
1
2001-11-10
2001-11-15
2001-11-10
ZIN
A. Ballerio
South Africa
-28.483334
Falaza Game Reserve
Hluhluwe
19
1494
1
1960-12
TMSA
van Son
South Africa
Ndumu
19
1494
1
1998-11-28
SANC
Pieter
South Africa
Tembe Elephant Park
19
1494
1
1994-04-04
SANC
P. E. Reavell
South Africa
Hluhluwe
28.15
Umziki Pan Reserve
19
1494
1
IRSNB
P. de Moffarts
South Africa
Malvern
19
1494
1
1990-02-12
1990-02-14
1990-02-12
SANC
B. Grobbelaar
South Africa
Hluhluwe District
Farm Kuleni
19
1494
1
1981-02-05
1981-02-10
1981-02-05
SANC
Bush & C. Fox
South Africa
-28.483334
5 km S of Hluhluwe
19
1494
1
1979-11-01
TMSA
C. R. Owen
South Africa
Mnyalsa
19
1494
1
BMNH
South Africa
Zululand
19
1494
1
ZMHB
South Africa
Soutpansberg
19
1494
1
Limpopo
1914-12
TMSA
C. J. Swierstra
South Africa
Moorddrift
19
1494
1
[260,738,1488,1513]
IRSNB
South Africa
Cap
19
1494
1
1994-11-22
TMSA
Endrody-Younga
South Africa
Kruger National Park
Pumbe
19
1494
1
1994-11-22
TMSA
Endrody & Bellamy
South Africa
Kruger National Park
Pumbe
19
1494
1
2003-12-20
UPSA, ZIN
A. Frolov
South Africa
Blouberg
19
1494
1
1971-11-05
SANC
T. Bouwer
South Africa
-24.983334
Klaserie
19
1494
1
1909-12
TMSA
M. C. Ferreira
South Africa
20
1495
Rustenburg
19
1494
1
1913-11
MSNG
Julliard
South Africa
Delagoa
20
1495
1
1971-11-05
SANC
H. D. Brown & D. Wessels & A. S. Prinsloo
South Africa
-24.983334
Klaserie
20
1495
1
1974-11-24
SANC
A. L. V. Davis
South Africa
Messina
30.65
20
1495
1
SAMC
F. J. Kroeger
South Africa
Lydenburg
Maboki
20
1495
1
Mpumalanga
[213,1037,327,351]
BMNH
P. Rendall
South Africa
Barberton
31.65
20
1495
1
1940-12
TMSA
W. G. Kobrow
South Africa
20
1495
1
1909-01-14
TMSA
G. M. Jeffery
South Africa
20
1495
1
2001-11-22
KWCP
Werner & Lizler
South Africa
Stoffberg - Rosenkaal
20
1495
1
SANC
A. L. V. Davis
South Africa
Lydenburg District
20
1495
1
SAMC
South Africa
Dunn
20
1495
1
TMSA
G. Kobrow
South Africa
Ermelo
20
1495
1
BMNH
R. Crawshay
South Africa
-27.15
Piet Retief District
20
1495
1
SAMC
South Africa
Vryburg
North-west
20
1495
1
SAMC
T. Ayres
South Africa
Potchefstroom District
20
1495
1
IRSNB
V. de Poll
South Africa
Magaliesberg
20
1495
1
1993-12-21
TMSA
Endrody-Younga
South Africa
Little Karoo
Gamkaberg
20
1495
1
Western Cape
1947-04
TMSA
W. E. Callett
South Africa
-34.316666
Keurbooms River
20
1495
1
IRSNB
R. Ellenberg
Lesotho
Basoutoland
20
1495
1
[497,589,330,354]
South Africa
We
22
1497
2
holotype