Coptorhina klugii Hope 1835:97 Boheman 1857:208 Coptorhina klugi Hope Péringuey 1901:288 Janssens 1939:35 Ferreira 1972:357 Gillet 1911:48 Ferreira 1954:5 Coptorhina africana Hope 1835:96 Ferreira 1967:308 Janssens 1939:31 Ferreira 1972:354–356 Gillet 1911:47 Ferreira 1954:2 Coptorhina vicina Péringuey 1901:287 Janssens 1939:35 Ferreira 1972:359 Gillet 1911:48 Ferreira 1967:309 Ferreira 1954:4 Coptorhina obtusicornis Boheman 1857:209 Péringuey 1901:288 Janssens 1939:33 Ferreira 1972:358 Gillet 1911:48 Ferreira 1967:309 Ferreira 1954:2 Coptorhina punctata Ferreira 1954:5 Ferreira 1972:358 Coptorhina optata Péringuey 1901:288 Ferreira 1972:358 Gillet 1911:48 Ferreira 1967:309 Ferreira 1954:6 Coptorhina punctata Coptorhina punctata M.C. Ferreira, 1954 Coptorhina nitidipennis Boh. J.J.E. Gillet Coptorhina punctata M. C. Ferreira, 1954 Coptorhina punctata Coptorhina optata Coptorhina optata Typ. Revision of the obligate mushroom-feeding African ‘‘ dung beetle’ ’ genus Coptorhina Hope (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) Frolov, Andrey V. Akhmetova, Lilia A. Scholtz, Clarke H. Journal of Natural History 2008 2008-06-30 42 21 - 24 1477 1508 Y883 Hope Hope. The 2008 [556,825,874,898] Insecta Scarabaeidae Coptorhina Animalia Coleoptera 16 1491 Arthropoda species klugii  ( Figures 6, 13F, 19)      Coptorhina klugii Hope 1835:97;  Boheman 1857:208, 209.    Coptorhina klugiHope:  Péringuey 1901:288, 289;  Janssens 1939:35, 39;  Ferreira 1972:357;  Gillet 1911:48;  Ferreira 1954:5, 6; unjustified emendation.     Coptorhina africana Hope 1835:96;  Ferreira 1967:308;  Janssens 1939:31, 35, 39;  Ferreira 1972:354–356;  Gillet 1911:47;  Ferreira 1954:2; syn. n.     Coptorhina vicina Péringuey 1901:287, 289;  Janssens 1939:35, 39;  Ferreira 1972:359;  Gillet 1911:48;  Ferreira 1967:309, 314;  Ferreira 1954:4; syn. n.     Coptorhina obtusicornis Boheman 1857:209;  Péringuey 1901:288, 292;  Janssens 1939:33, 37;  Ferreira 1972:358;  Gillet 1911:48;  Ferreira 1967:309, 310, 313;  Ferreira 1954:2; syn. n.     Coptorhina punctata Ferreira 1954:5;  Ferreira 1972:358; syn. n.     Coptorhina optata Péringuey 1901:288, 290;  Ferreira 1972:358;  Gillet 1911:48;  Ferreira 1967:309, 310, 313;  Ferreira 1954:6, 7; syn. n.    Typematerial examined   Coptorhina klugii. Holotype ♀with labels ‘‘21’’, ‘‘Type Col: 451 Coptorhina Klugi Hope HOPE DEPT.OXFORD’’, ‘‘TYPE HOPE Trans. Zool. Soc. 1. P. 96. Coll. Hope Oxon.’’, ‘‘ Klugii HopeZ.J?’’ ( UMO).    Coptorhina Africana. Holotype „with labels ‘‘TYPE HOPE Trans. Zool. Soc. 1. P. 96. T. I+8. 2 Coll. Hope Oxon.’’, ‘‘ Coptorhina africana Hope Z.J.’’, ‘‘Type Col: 450 Coptorhina africana Hope HOPE DEPT.OXFORD’’ (UMO).  Figure 19.  Coptorhinaspp., distribution map.   Coptorhina vicina.  Syntype „with labels ‘‘Type SAMC’’, ‘‘Ent 2767’’, ‘‘Ricatla Delagoa’’, ‘‘ Coptorhina vicina Péring.Type’’ ( SANC).   Coptorhina obtusicornis.  Holotypewith labels ‘‘ Caffraria.’’, ‘‘ J. Wahlb’’, ‘‘ Type’’, ‘‘obtusicornis. Bhn.’’, ‘‘obtusicornis Boh’’, ‘‘3647 E92+’’, ‘‘159 54’’ ( NHRS).    Coptorhina punctata. Holotypewith labels ‘‘Pretoria 28.XI.1921A. Roberts’’, ‘‘HOLOTIPO Coptorhina punctata M.C. Ferreira, 1954’’. Paratypewith labels ‘‘Uitzicht Zautpansberg distr. Nov, 24 (Hezke)’’, ‘‘ Coptorhina nitidipennis Boh. J.J.E. Gilletdet.’’, ‘‘PARATIPO Coptorhina punctata M. C. Ferreira, 1954’’, ‘‘ Paratypus Coptorhina punctata sp.n.M.C. Ferreira 1954’’ (TMSA).   Coptorhina optata.  Syntype „with labels ‘‘ Coptorhina optata Typ.’’, ‘‘ S.E. Trop. Afr. Manica, Christmass Pass. F.C. Selous.1892.’’, ‘‘Type SAMC/Ent 2769’’ ( SAMC).   Additional material examined    Mozambique: Movo[12 °559 S 40 °009 E],  24 May 1936, 1 spm. ( TMSA);  Inharrime[24 °289 S 35 °019 E], 1983, P.P. de Moorleg. 1 spm. ( TMSA); 50/ 100kmN Massinga[ 23 °059 S35 °209 E],  13 December 2003, Wernerand Lizlerleg. 1 spm. ( KWCP);  Ricatla, Delagoa[25 °469 S 32 °379 E], 1 spm. ( SANC), H.A. Junodleg. 1 spm. ( BMSA);  Delagoa Bay[25 °599 S 32 °429 E], Monten? leg. 1 spm. ( SAMC), 1918, 2 spm. ( BMNH);  Lourenco-Marques[25 °589 S 32 °349 E], Dr G. Audeoud Makulane( T.d.) leg. 5 spm. ( MSNG);  Delagoa[23 °589 S 28 °459 E], H. Junodleg. 6 spm. ( IRSNB);  Valley of KolaR. [16 °289 S 35 °129 E],  2 April 1913,  1500–2000 ft, S. A. Neaveleg. 3 spm. ( BMNH);  Ponta do Ouro[26 °519 S 32 °549 E],  25–27 February 1968, 4 spm. ( BMSA);  Manhoca[26 °499 S 32 °359 E],  23 October 1965, G. Veiga Ferreiraleg. 1 spm. ( BMSA);  Maputo[25 °489 S 32 °519 E], 1 spm. ( IRSNB); 1905, 1 spm. ( BMNH); 1 spm. ( IRSNB); Coll. P.de Moffarts, 2 spm. ( IRSNB); 1 spm. ( IRSNB).   Zimbabwe: Mashonaland, Salisbury[17 °499 S 31 °029 E], G.A.K. Marshallleg. 1 spm. ( TMSA);  Christmaspass [18 °559 S 32 °389 E], 1 „( SANC).   South Africa: Natal, 2 spm. ( BMNH), 4 spm. ( IRSNB), 1 spm. ( SAMC), 1 spm. ( ZMHB), 1 spm. ( ZMHB);  Natal, E. Candezeleg. 3 spm. ( IRSNB);  Natal, J. Thomsonleg. 1 spm. ( IRSNB);  Natal, De Bonneuil, 2 spm. ( IRSNB);  Natal, 1913, H. Swaleleg. 1 spm. ( BMNH);  Capeof Good Hope, J. Thomsonleg. 1 spm. ( IRSNB);  South Africa, coll. P. de Moffarts1 spm. ( IRSNB);  Transvaal, Cutterleg. 1 spm. ( IRSNB);  Transvaal, 10.VIII.97; 1 spm. ( ZMHB);  Eastern Cape: Grahams Town[33 °189 S 26 °329 E],  26 January 1917, P. Hollleg. 1 spm. ( AMGS);  Pretoria[30 °479 S 28 °359 E],  January 1941, K. Wooldridgeleg. 1 spm. ( AMGS), L. Vanleg. 1 spm. ( TMSA);  Komga[32 °359 S 27 °549 E],  24 January 1972, J.H. Brillleg. 1 spm. ( TMSA);  Port Natal[Durban], Hoppleg., 1 spm. ( ZMHB). E. London[ 33 °029 S27 °559 E], 1915, Lightfootleg. 1 spm. ( SAMC).  Free State: Tigerkloof[27 °519 S 28 °189 E],  February 1901, H.B. Marleyleg. 5 spm. ( BMNH);  Bethlehem district28 °159 S 28 °209 E,  15 January 1996, M.M. v.d. Merweleg. 1 ♀. ( UPSA);  Florida district[29 °569 S 26 °099 E],  February 1967, D.K. Greenleg. 1 spm. ( TMSA);  Vrede 27 °009 S 28 °009 E,  9–15 February 1979, A. Strydomleg. 1 spm. ( BMSA).  Gauteng: Verwoerdburg25 °499 S 28 °139 E,  1 April 1995, J. Weiermansleg. 1 spm. ( UPSA);  Premier Game Farm, Cullinan25 °409 S 28 °299 E, 22 November  2001, 1309m, 4 spm. ( TMSA);  Alberton[26 °149 S 28 °089 E],  24 December 1973, G. Tribeleg. 4 spm. ( SANC),   14 April 1974, G. Tribeleg. 1 spm. ( SANC);  Johannesburg[26 °129 S 28 °059 E],  March 1929, G. Kobrowleg. 1 spm. ( TMSA).  KwaZulu-Natal: Durban[29 °519 S 31 °019 E], 3 spm. ( BMNH), 1 spm. ( NMPC);  Mkuzi Game Reserve[27 °389 S 32 °159 E],  24 December 1972, A.L.V. Davisleg. 1 spm. ( SANC);  Charter’s Greek[28 °129 S 32 °269 E],  26 February 1971, H.D. Brownleg. 1 spm. ( SANC);  Ndumu Game Reserve26 °879 S 32 °259 E,  20–22 November 2002, A. Frolovleg. 6 spm. ( UPSA, ZIN),   8–11 November 1971, A. Strydomleg. 1 spm. ( TMSA);  Ndumu Game Reserve[26 °549 S 32 °199 E],  22 January 1990, S. van. Noortleg. 1 spm. ( SAMC);  Frere[28 °539 S 29 °469 E], 1892, A. Marshallleg. 2 spm. ( IRSNB);  Krantzkloof[28 °519 S 30 °439 E], 1911, 1 spm. ( BMNH);  Sodwana27 °329 S 32 °409 E,  24 March 1995, L. Niemandleg. 1 spm. ( UPSA);  Mabibi27 °209 S 32 °239 E,  8 April 1995, L. Niemandleg. 1 spm. ( UPSA);  Mkuzi Game Reserve[27 °389 S 32 °159 E],  3–4 December 1973, K.M. Paschalidisleg. 2 spm. ( SANC),   22 December 1973, A.V.L. Davisleg. 2 spm. ( SANC),   1–3 April 1984, A.J. Weavingleg. 3 spm. ( AMGS),   31 March 1984, A.J. Weavingleg. 1 spm. ( AMGS);  Lower Tugela[river] [29 °149 S 31 °309 E],  October 1902, E.D. Reynoldsleg. 1 spm. ( BMNH);  56kmNW of Melmoth[28 °209 S 31 °109 E],  31 October–1 November 2001, A.L.V. Davisleg. 1 spm. ( UPSA);  Newcastle[27 °459 S 29 °569 E], 1894, A. E. Huntleg. 1 spm. ( SAMC);  Estcourt[ 29 °009 S29 °539 E], 1 spm. ( SAMC);  Hluhluwe Game Reserve 28 °059 S 32 °049 E,  19 November 1992, Endrödy-Youngaleg. 6 spm. ( TMSA);  Roodedraaifarm [28 °539 S 29 °589 E],  5 April 1997, L. Erasmusleg. 1 spm. ( SANC);  Malvern[29 °539 S 30 °559 E], 4 spm. ( DMSA);  Durban[29 °519 S 31 °019 E],  26 December 1905, 1 spm. ( TMSA), 1911, 1 spm. ( BMNH),   25 February 1905, 1 spm. ( DMSA);  False bay[27 °559 S 32 °229 E],  23 November 2000, P. Schuleleg. 11 spm. ( TMSA);  Scottburgh[30 °179 S 30 °459 E],  December 1941, S. Cooperleg. 1 spm. ( AMGS);  New Hanover[29 °219 S 30 °329 E],  January 1955, N.B. Baverleg. 1 spm. ( TMSA);  Ladysmith[28 °339 S 29 °479 E], 1922, Andrew Bequestleg. 2 spm. ( BMNH);  Sodwana Bay National Park27 °329 S 32 °419 E,  9–13 November 1986, Evans, d’Hotman, Nelleg. 1 spm. ( UPSA);  Umvoti[29 °099 S 30 °459 E], H. Fryleg. 1 spm. ( SANC), 1 spm. ( SAMC), 1 spm. ( IRSNB);  Dukuduku28 °229 S 32 °509 E,  January 1978, G.L. Prinslooleg. 1 spm. ( SANC);  Ladysmith[28 °299 S 29 °459 E], 1 spm. ( BMNH);  False Bay[27 °559 S 32 °229 E],  22–23 September 2000, K. Wernerleg. 8 spm. ( KWCP);  Estcourt[ 29 °009 S29 °539 E], 1922, Andrew Bequestleg. 1 spm. ( BMNH);  Isipingo[29 °599 S 30 °569 E],  February 1896, 1 spm. ( BMNH);  Hluhluwe, Falaza Game Reserve[ 28 °029 S32 °179 E],  10–15 November 2001, A. Ballerioleg. 2 spm. ( ZIN);  Ndumu[26 °879 S 32 °259 E],  December 1960, van Sonleg. 2 spm. ( TMSA), 1 spm ( ZMHB);  Tembe Elephant Park26 °519 S 32 °249 E,  28 November 1998, Pieterle Roux leg. 1 spm. ( SANC);  Umziki Pan Reserve, near Hluhluwe32 °229 S 28 °009 E,  4 April 1994, P.E. Reavellleg. 1 spm. ( SANC);  Malvern[29 °539 S 30 °559 E], P. de Moffartsleg. 2 spm. ( IRSNB);  Farm Kuleni, Hluhluwe District27 °549 S 32 °229 E,  12–14 February 1990, B. Grobbelaarleg. 1 spm. ( SANC);   5 kmS of Hluhluwe[ 28 °029 S32 °179 E],  5–10 February 1981, Bush, C. Foxleg. 2 spm. ( SANC);  Mnyalsa[not traced],  1 November 1979, C.R. Owenleg. 1 spm. ( TMSA); Parryleg. 2 spm. ( IRSNB);  Zululand, 2 spm. ( BMNH);8 spm. ( BMNH).  Limpopo: Soutpansberg[22 °589 S 29 °459 E], 3 spm. ( ZMHB);  Moorddrift[24 °159 S 28 579 E],  December 1914, C.J. Swierstraleg. 1 spm. ( TMSA);  Cap[23 °589 S 28 °459 E], 1 spm. ( IRSNB),1 spm. ( NMPC);  Pumbesands, Kruger National Park24 °139 S 31 °569 E,  22 November 1994, ground trap, meat bait, Endrödy-Youngaleg. 8 spm. ( TMSA);  Pumbesands, Kruger National Park[24 °129 S 31 °559 E],  22 November 1994, Endrödy, Bellamyleg. 4 spm. ( TMSA);  Blouberg23 °109 S 28 °509 E,  20 December 2003, ground trap, meat bait, A. Frolovleg. 5 spm. ( UPSA, ZIN);  Klaserie[ 24 °059 S31 °159 E],  5 November 1971, T. Bouwerleg. 1 spm. ( SANC);  Rustenburg[24 °569 S 27 °099 E],  December 1909, M.C. Ferreiraleg. 1 spm. ( TMSA);  Delagoa[23 °589 S 28 °459 E],  November 1913, Julliardleg. 3 spm. ( MSNG);  6 kmW of Klaserie[ 24 °059 S31 °159 E],  5 November 1971, H.D. Brown, D. Wessels, A.S. Prinslooleg. 1 spm. ( SANC);  75kmW of Messina[22 °219 S 30 °039 E],  24 November 1974, A.L.V. Davisleg. 1 spm. ( SANC).  Mpumalanga: Maboki, Lydenburg[25 °069 S 30 °279 E], 1917, F.J. Kroegerleg. 2 spm. ( SAMC);  Barberton[25 °479 S 31 °039 E], 1911, P. Rendallleg. 1 spm. ( BMNH),   December 1940, W.G. Kobrowleg. 2 spm. ( TMSA),   14 January 1909, G.M. Jefferyleg. 1 spm. ( TMSA);  Stoffberg – Rosenkaal[25 °259 S 28 °509 E],  22 November 2001, Wernerand Lizlerleg. 4 spm. ( KWCP);  Lydenburg District[25 °069 S 30 °279 E], 1981, A.L.V. Davisleg. 1 spm. ( SANC), 1896, P.A. Krantzleg. 1 spm. ( TMSA), 1883, Dunn? leg. 1 spm. ( SAMC), 1879, T. Ayresleg. 2 spm. ( SAMC);  Ermelo[26 °329 S 29 °599 E], 1934, G. Kobrowleg. 1 spm. ( TMSA);  Piet Retief District[ 27 °009 S30 °489 E], 1903, R. Crawshayleg. 1 spm. ( BMNH).  North-west: Vryburg[26 °579 S 24 °449 E], 1 spm. ( SAMC);  Potchefstroom District[26 °439 S 27 °069 E], 1879, T. Ayresleg. 4 spm. ( SAMC), 1 spm. ( IRSNB);  Magaliesberg[25 °509 S 27 °309 E], V. de Pollleg. 2 spm. ( IRSNB).  Western Cape: Gamkaberg, Little Karoo33 °449 S 21 °579 E,  21 December 1993, ground trap, banana bait, Endrödy-Youngaleg. 1 spm. ( TMSA);  Keurbooms River[ 34 °019 S23 °259 E],  April 1947, W.E. Callettleg. 1 spm. ( TMSA).   Lesotho: Basoutoland, 1925, R. Ellenbergleg. 3 spm. ( IRSNB).  Diagnosis This species is most similar to  C. davidiand  C. angolensisbut differs from them in the shape of the transverse pronotal carina which is lacking tubercles in larger specimens ( Figure 6). From other species it differs in having narrow lateral borders of the pronotum and evenly rounded lateral sides of the pronotum. From  C. nitefactait also differs in having densely punctured upper side of body.  Description Strongly convex, black to dark-brown, subopaque beetle. Body length 10.5– 20.5 mm, width 7.5-14.0 mm. Dorsal surface without visible setae.  Head. Clypeus with protruding anterior angles separated by deep sinuation ( Figure 6). Sinuation right-angled to broadly rounded. Protruding angles acute to narrowly rounded apically, with short longitudinal carinae on the upper side. Genae obtusely rounded. Genal sutures feebly distinct. Lateral margins of clypeus sinuate near genal sutures in some individuals. Frontal suture feebly visible, broadly interrupted in the middle. Head very densely and evenly punctuate, punctures sometimes adjacent and sculpture appears rugose. Antennal club dark-brown.  Pronotum. Trapezoidal, two times wider than long. Anterior margin and base not bordered. Sides more or less evenly rounded. Lateral border relatively narrow, evenly tapering basally and apically. Pronotum divided into larger anterior part and smaller posterior part by a transverse carina ( Figure 6). The carina is more developed in larger specimens. Anterior part of pronotum rugose to granulate, excavated laterally in larger specimens. Posterior part in specimens with well developed carina densely punctuate.  Elytra. Striae fine but distinct, punctate (punctures separated by 3–4 puncture diameter). Intervals flat, very densely punctuate, punctures separated by about 1 puncture diameter, sometimes almost adjacent; their margins sometimes indistinct especially in apical part.  Underside. Pygidium with fine border, its disc densely punctate. Abdominal and thoracic sternites coarsely punctate except for disc of metasternum which is very sparsely to almost indistinctly punctuate.  Aedeagus. Parameres with widely rounded apices in lateral view.  Variability Except for the body size variability the beetles differ in shape and sculpture of pronotum. Smaller specimens have less developed transverse pronotal carina and slightly or almost not excavated anterolateral sides of pronotum.  Distribution The species is distributed mostly in South Africaand southern Mozambique. The two northernmost isolated localities are in northern Mozambique: Movo and valley of the Kola River ( Figure 19).  Remarks  Hope (1835)described two species,  C. klugiiHopeand  C. africanaHopefrom the Cape of Good Hope and Sierra Leone, respectively. The latter species was listed then in all catalogues and reviews and was designated the typespecies of the genus by Janssens (1939). There are, however, no other findings of this species recorded nor are any  Coptorhinaspecies(except for  C. nitidipennis) known from West Africa. Examination of the typesof  C. africanaand  C. klugiishowed that they belong to the same species and the differences between them are within the limits of interspecific variability of the species commonly known as  C. klugii. As the description of  C. africanais based on apparently mislabelled specimen, we consider it a junior synonym of  C. klugii.   Coptorhina obtusicornisBohemanwas described from a specimen from the basin of the Limpopo River. Its main diagnostic character is the short, obtuse anterior clypeal processes which are normally long and acute in other  Coptorhinaspecies.We found, however, a few such specimens among the series of  C. klugii. The particular form of clypeus could be a result of malformation or, less probably, abrasion. Except for the clypeus, the holotypeof  C. obtusicornisis very similar to  C. klugii. The type locality also agrees with the known range of the latter. We believe the description of  C. obtusicornisis based on an aberrant specimen of  C. klugii, therefore we propose the new synonymy here.  Péringuey (1901)described two new species,  C. optataand  C. vicina, from single specimens from Zimbabweand Mozambiquerespectively. He wrote that both species are similar to  C. klugiiand can be separated from it by the shape of pronotum. Examination of the typeof  C. vicinashowed that it cannot be distinguished from the smaller specimens of  C. klugiiwhich have feebly developed transverse pronotal carina. We found no differences in the shape of the pronotum between the typeof  C. optataand typical specimens of  C. klugiiwith well developed carina, contrary to the characters given in the original description. Therefore we consider the two specific names synonyms of  C. klugii.   Coptorhina punctata Ferreirawas described from a few specimens from South Africa. Weexamined the holotypeand the paratypeof this species and found no characters to separate it from specimens of  C. klugiiwith feebly developed transversal pronotal carina. Consequently, it too, is considered a synonym. SANC 17 1492 1 syntype NHRS Caffraria. & J. Wahlb' & Type' & Bhn. & Boh' 17 1492 1 holotype SAMC S. E. Trop. Afr. & Christmass Pass. F. C. Selous. Manica 18 1493 1 Manica syntype [213,1040,562,587] 1936-05-24 TMSA Mozambique Movo 40.15 18 1493 1 TMSA P. P. de Moor Mozambique Inharrime 35.316666 18 1493 1 2003-12-13 KWCP Werner & Lizler Mozambique -23.983334 Massinga 18 1493 1 [213,857,658,683] SANC Mozambique Delagoa Ricatla 18 1493 1 [327,1069,690,715] SAMC Monten Mozambique Delagoa Bay 18 1493 1 T, MSNG Dr G. Audeoud Makulane Mozambique Lourenco-Marques 18 1493 1 IRSNB H. Junod Mozambique Delagoa 18 1493 1 1913-04-02 BMNH S. A. Neave Mozambique 533 Valley of Kola 18 1493 1 1968-02-25 1968-02-27 1968-02-25 BMSA Mozambique Ponta do Ouro 18 1493 1 1965-10-23 BMSA G. Veiga Ferreira Mozambique Manhoca 18 1493 1 [558,1074,882,907] IRSNB Mozambique Maputo 18 1493 1 Maputo TMSA G. A. K. Marshall Zimbabwe Salisbury 31.483334 18 1493 1 Mashonaland West [459,1005,978,1002] SANC Zimbabwe Christmas 18 1493 1 BMNH South Africa South Africa 18 1493 1 [331,798,1042,1066] IRSNB E. Candeze South Africa Natal 18 1493 1 IRSNB J. Thomson South Africa Natal 18 1493 1 [332,766,1074,1098] IRSNB De Bonneuil South Africa Natal 18 1493 1 BMNH H. Swale South Africa Natal 18 1493 1 [332,950,1106,1130] IRSNB J. Thomson South Africa Good Hope 18 1493 1 Western Cape IRSNB P. de Moffarts South Africa South Africa 18 1493 1 [589,1036,1138,1162] IRSNB Cutter South Africa Transvaal 18 1493 1 ZMHB South Africa Transvaal 18 1493 1 1917-01-26 AMGS P. Holl South Africa Grahams Town 18 1493 1 Eastern Cape 1941-01 AMGS K. Wooldridge South Africa Pretoria 18 1493 1 1972-01-24 TMSA J. H. Brill South Africa Komga 18 1493 1 ZMHB Hopp South Africa Port Natal 18 1493 1 SAMC Lightfoot South Africa -33.483334 London 18 1493 1 1901-02 BMNH H. B. Marley South Africa Tigerkloof 18 1493 1 Free State 1996-01-15 UPSA Merwe South Africa Bethlehem district 18 1493 1 1 1967-02 TMSA D. K. Green South Africa Florida district 18 1493 1 1979-02-09 1979-02-15 1979-02-09 BMSA A. Strydom South Africa -27.15 Vrede 1238 28.15 18 1493 1 1995-04-01 UPSA J. Weiermans South Africa Verwoerdburg 18 1493 1 Gauteng TMSA South Africa 2001 Cullinan Premier Game Farm 18 1493 1 1973-12-24 SANC G. Tribe South Africa Alberton 18 1493 1 1974-04-14 SANC G. Tribe South Africa 18 1493 1 1929-03 TMSA G. Kobrow South Africa Johannesburg 28.983334 18 1493 1 BMNH South Africa Durban 31.316668 18 1493 1 KwaZulu-Natal 1972-12-24 SANC A. L. V. Davis South Africa Mkuzi Game Reserve 18 1493 1 1971-02-26 SANC H. D. Brown South Africa 19 1494 Charter's Greek 18 1493 1 2002-11-20 2002-11-22 2002-11-20 UPSA, ZIN A. Frolov South Africa Ndumu Game Reserve 19 1494 1 1971-11-08 1971-11-11 1971-11-08 TMSA A. Strydom South Africa 19 1494 1 1990-01-22 SAMC Noort South Africa Ndumu Game Reserve 19 1494 1 IRSNB A. Marshall South Africa Frere 19 1494 1 BMNH South Africa Krantzkloof 19 1494 1 1995-03-24 UPSA L. Niemand South Africa Sodwana 19 1494 1 1995-04-08 UPSA L. Niemand South Africa Mabibi 19 1494 1 1973-12-03 1973-12-04 1973-12-03 SANC K. M. Paschalidis South Africa Mkuzi Game Reserve 19 1494 1 1973-12-22 SANC A. V. L. Davis South Africa 19 1494 1 [257,850,458,482] 1984-04-01 1984-04-03 1984-04-01 AMGS A. J. Weaving South Africa 19 1494 1 1984-03-31 AMGS A. J. Weaving South Africa 19 1494 1 1902-10 BMNH E. D. Reynolds South Africa Lower Tugela 19 1494 1 2001-10-31 2001-11-01 2001-10-31 UPSA A. L. V. Davis South Africa Melmoth 19 1494 1 [146,987,587,611] SAMC A. E. Hunt South Africa Newcastle 19 1494 1 SAMC South Africa -29.15 Estcourt 19 1494 1 1992-11-19 TMSA Endrody-Younga South Africa -28.983334 Hluhluwe Game Reserve 1229 32.816666 19 1494 1 1997-04-05 SANC L. Erasmus South Africa Roodedraai 19 1494 1 DMSA South Africa Malvern 19 1494 1 [352,1098,715,740] 1905-12-26 TMSA South Africa Durban 31.316668 19 1494 1 [436,861,748,772] 1905-02-25 DMSA South Africa 19 1494 1 2000-11-23 TMSA P. Schule South Africa False bay 19 1494 1 1941-12 AMGS S. Cooper South Africa Scottburgh 19 1494 1 1955-01 TMSA N. B. Baver South Africa New Hanover 19 1494 1 BMNH Andrew Bequest South Africa Ladysmith 19 1494 1 1986-11-09 1986-11-13 1986-11-09 UPSA Evans & d'Hotman & Nel South Africa Sodwana Bay National Park 19 1494 1 [146,803,941,965] SANC H. Fry South Africa Umvoti 19 1494 1 1978-01 SANC G. L. Prinsloo South Africa Dukuduku 19 1494 1 [263,847,1005,1030] BMNH South Africa Ladysmith 19 1494 1 2000-09-22 2000-09-23 2000-09-22 KWCP K. Werner South Africa False Bay 19 1494 1 BMNH Andrew Bequest South Africa -29.15 Estcourt 19 1494 1 1896-02 BMNH South Africa Isipingo 19 1494 1 2001-11-10 2001-11-15 2001-11-10 ZIN A. Ballerio South Africa -28.483334 Falaza Game Reserve Hluhluwe 19 1494 1 1960-12 TMSA van Son South Africa Ndumu 19 1494 1 1998-11-28 SANC Pieter South Africa Tembe Elephant Park 19 1494 1 1994-04-04 SANC P. E. Reavell South Africa Hluhluwe 28.15 Umziki Pan Reserve 19 1494 1 IRSNB P. de Moffarts South Africa Malvern 19 1494 1 1990-02-12 1990-02-14 1990-02-12 SANC B. Grobbelaar South Africa Hluhluwe District Farm Kuleni 19 1494 1 1981-02-05 1981-02-10 1981-02-05 SANC Bush & C. Fox South Africa -28.483334 5 km S of Hluhluwe 19 1494 1 1979-11-01 TMSA C. R. Owen South Africa Mnyalsa 19 1494 1 BMNH South Africa Zululand 19 1494 1 ZMHB South Africa Soutpansberg 19 1494 1 Limpopo 1914-12 TMSA C. J. Swierstra South Africa Moorddrift 19 1494 1 [260,738,1488,1513] IRSNB South Africa Cap 19 1494 1 1994-11-22 TMSA Endrody-Younga South Africa Kruger National Park Pumbe 19 1494 1 1994-11-22 TMSA Endrody & Bellamy South Africa Kruger National Park Pumbe 19 1494 1 2003-12-20 UPSA, ZIN A. Frolov South Africa Blouberg 19 1494 1 1971-11-05 SANC T. Bouwer South Africa -24.983334 Klaserie 19 1494 1 1909-12 TMSA M. C. Ferreira South Africa 20 1495 Rustenburg 19 1494 1 1913-11 MSNG Julliard South Africa Delagoa 20 1495 1 1971-11-05 SANC H. D. Brown & D. Wessels & A. S. Prinsloo South Africa -24.983334 Klaserie 20 1495 1 1974-11-24 SANC A. L. V. Davis South Africa Messina 30.65 20 1495 1 SAMC F. J. Kroeger South Africa Lydenburg Maboki 20 1495 1 Mpumalanga [213,1037,327,351] BMNH P. Rendall South Africa Barberton 31.65 20 1495 1 1940-12 TMSA W. G. Kobrow South Africa 20 1495 1 1909-01-14 TMSA G. M. Jeffery South Africa 20 1495 1 2001-11-22 KWCP Werner & Lizler South Africa Stoffberg - Rosenkaal 20 1495 1 SANC A. L. V. Davis South Africa Lydenburg District 20 1495 1 SAMC South Africa Dunn 20 1495 1 TMSA G. Kobrow South Africa Ermelo 20 1495 1 BMNH R. Crawshay South Africa -27.15 Piet Retief District 20 1495 1 SAMC South Africa Vryburg North-west 20 1495 1 SAMC T. Ayres South Africa Potchefstroom District 20 1495 1 IRSNB V. de Poll South Africa Magaliesberg 20 1495 1 1993-12-21 TMSA Endrody-Younga South Africa Little Karoo Gamkaberg 20 1495 1 Western Cape 1947-04 TMSA W. E. Callett South Africa -34.316666 Keurbooms River 20 1495 1 IRSNB R. Ellenberg Lesotho Basoutoland 20 1495 1 [497,589,330,354] South Africa We 22 1497 2 holotype