Silvestri 1901 : 8 Silvestri 1903 : 101 Termes ( Eutermes ) reconditus Desneux 1904 : 44 Anoplotermes ( Speculitermes ) reconditus Holmgren 1912 : 74 Speculitermes reconditus Snyder 1949 : 110 Ruptitermes reconditus Mathews 1977 : 100 Speculitermes proratus Emerson Snyder 1949 : 110 Ruptitermes proratus Mathews 1977 : 100 Krishna et al. 2013 : 1408 Ruptitermes reconditus (Silvestri 1901) Ruptitermes reconditus (Silvestri 1901) R. xanthochiton R. xanthochiton Ruptitermes reconditus (Silvestri 1901) R. reconditus A taxonomic revision of the neotropical termite genus Ruptitermes (Isoptera, Termitidae, Apicotermitinae) Acioli, Agno Nonato Serrão Constantino, Reginaldo Zootaxa 2015 4032 5 451 492 Silvestri 1901 Silvestri 1901 [151,627,476,502] Insecta Termitidae Ruptitermes GBIF Animalia Isoptera 25 476 Arthropoda species reconditus     Anoplotermes reconditus  Silvestri 1901: 8(imago);  Silvestri 1903: 101, 142 (imago, worker, text-fig. 34, plate-figs. 228–230).  Termes( Eutermes) reconditus;  Desneux 1904: 44(new combination)    Anoplotermes( Speculitermes) reconditus;  Holmgren 1912: 74(new combination)    Speculitermes reconditus;  Snyder 1949: 110(catalog; new combination)    Ruptitermes reconditus;  Mathews 1977: 100, 102 (new combination); Krishna et al.2013(catalog)  Speculitermes proratusEmersonin  Snyder 1949: 110, new synonym    Ruptitermes proratus;  Mathews 1977: 100–101 (new combination);  Krishna et al.2013: 1408–1409 (catalog, synonymy).   FIGURE 17.Imago of  Ruptitermes reconditus(Silvestri 1901). A, head in profile; B, head and pronotum in dorsal view; C, pterothorax in dorsal view; D, mandibles.   FIGURE 18.Worker of  Ruptitermes reconditus(Silvestri 1901). A, habitus; B, protibia; C, procoxae; D, head in profile; E, head in dorsal view; F, mandibles. Imago ( Fig. 17). Head capsule reddish brown, paler anteriorly, with many long bristles and densely covered with short hairs, about 1/5 of the length of bristles. Eyes rounded, relatively small. Fontanelle elliptical, small and white. Ocelli midsize, distant from eyes. Frontal marks rounded, small and faint. Postclypeus flattened, light brown, much paler than head capsule; with many bristles and dense short hairs. Antenna light brown, paler than postclypeus. Mandibles similar to those of  R. xanthochiton. Pronotum about the same width as head capsule (without eyes); anterior margin concave; lateral margins slightly convex, converging posteriorly; light brown, paler than head capsule and darker than postclypeus, without pale spots on midline; with many bristles and dense short hairs. Scutum and scutellum light brown, about the same color as pronotum; lateral margins of scutellum white. Pleural sclerites and coxae light brown; femur and tibia brownish yellow. Tergites light brown, paler than pronotum; sternites paler than tergites. Measurements in Table 1. Worker ( Figs 18, 19, 22L, 23A–E, 25G–H). Head capsule large and rounded, reddish brown, paler anteriorly, with about 20 long, thin and straight bristles. Postclypeus moderately inflated to strongly inflated, light brown, usually with one long bristle near the middle of each lobe, sometimes with a second one; anterior margin with two long bristles. Fontanelle small, elliptical, paler than head capsule; not depressed or elevated. Frontal marks rounded, a little lighter than posterior region of head capsule. Mandibles similar to those of  R. xanthochiton, except that proximal margin of molar prominence is indented or concave. Thoracic nota light brown, paler than head capsule, with bristles on margins only. Procoxae with 5–6 spine-like bristles on anterior surface, arranged along a curved line ( Fig. 18C). Meso- and metacoxae without spine-like bristles. Profemur with two rows of long, thin and straight bristles on proximal half. Protibia not inflated, with two irregular rows of spine-like bristles along inner margin ( Fig. 18B). Tergites light brown, same color as thoracic nota, with a row of long bristles on posterior margin and sparse hairs of variable size on surface. Dehiscent glands large, filling up to 1/5 of the abdomen. Enteric valve unsclerotized; ridges short, weakly and irregularly reticulated with pentagonal or hexagonal cells; cells are larger near margins and become smaller towards middle ( Fig. 25G–H). Measurements in Table 2.   FIGURE 19.  Ruptitermes reconditus(Silvestri 1901). A, workers foraging on the surface at night. B, typical soil workings built by workers around foraging holes.  Comparisons.The worker of  R. recondituscan be recognized by the small and elliptical fontanelle, dark head, thorax and tergites, and the small number of bristles on head capsule. The molar prominence is usually divided by a conspicuous indentation, but it may also be concave and the indentation tends to disappear in worn mandibles.   Remarks. The name “  Speculitermes proratus” became available in Snyder's (1949) catalog without any description, only with the indication of Holmgren's (1906: 607–608) description of “  Anoplotermes reconditusSilvestrii”. The characters used to differentiate  R. proratusfrom  R. recondituswere not mentioned. The name “  proratus” is probably derived from the Greek word “prora”, bow, combined with the Latin suffix “-atus”, meaning “arched”. This may to refer to the arched postclypeus, which is a little more prominent in Holmgren's specimens than in Silvestri's types. Both the holotypequeen and the paratypeworkers of  R. proratusfit well within the variation of  R. reconditus. The paratypeworkers have the small elliptical fontanelle typical of  R. reconditusand identical spine-like bristles on the procoxae.   Distribution.This is the most common and widespread species of the genus, occurring in a large portion of South America( Fig. 29). It is particularly abundant in the Cerrado region and is often found in disturbed habitats and urban areas.  Type-material examined: BRAZIL: Mato Grosso: “Coxipó” (Cuiabá), ix.1900, F. Silvestri col., syntypesof  Anoplotermes reconditus, imagoes and workers (AMNH). BOLIVIA: La Paz: Mojos, 1904, N. Holmgren col., holotypequeen and paratypeworkers of  Speculitermes proratus(AMNH, NHRS).   Other material examined: ARGENTINA: Chaco: Parque Nacional del Chaco, 06.v.1997, Laffont, Arbino & Coronel col., workers (FACENAC-1011). Corrientes: Estancia El Carmen, 18.v.1990, Godoy & Arbino col., workers (FACENAC-314). Mburucuyá, 08.x.1987, G.J. Torales col., workers (LRFC-970). 25.iii.1988, G.J. Torales col., workers, imagoes (LRFC-972). Villa Olivari, 21.xii.1992, M.C. Godoy col., workers (FACENAC-615). Jujuy: Siete Aguas, 15.xii.1981, L.R. Fontes col., workers (LRFC-1425). Misiones: Bonpland, 04.xii.1995, Laffont & Coronel col., workers (FACENAC-1155). Salta: Urundel, 11.xii.1981, L.R. Fontes col., workers (LRFC-1416, LRFC-1417). BRAZIL: Alagoas: Quebrangulo, 20.vi.2000, A. Vasconcellos col., workers (MZSP-11306). Bahia: Ilhéus, 05.xi.2000, C. Bordereau & E.M.C. col., workers (MZSP-11485). 08.iii.1997, L.R. Fontes & P.S. Terra col., workers (LRFC-1807, LRFC-1813). Itambé, 05.ii.2004, Y.T. Reis col., workers (MZSP-12053). Mucugê, 09.xii.1990, E.M. Cancello col., workers (MZSP-12045). Palmeiras, 10.ix.2011, E.A. Alves col., workers (UnB- 8869). Ceará: Aiuaba, 15.x.2004, A. Vasconcellos col., workers (UnB-6739, 6740). Baturité, Serra de Baturité, 18.xii.1976, R.L. Araujo col., workers (MZSP-9887). Distrito Federal: Brasília, xii.1971, K. Kitayama col., workers (MZSP-7064). 03.v.1999, E.C. Dianese col., workers (UnB-2184, 2185, 2186). 08.ii.1999, E.C. Dianese col., workers (UnB-2162). 09.iv.1999, E.C. Dianese col., workers (UnB-2178). 23.v.1999, E.C. Dianese col., workers (UnB-2190, 2191). 26.iv.1999, E.C. Dianese col., workers (UnB-2182). 28.i.1999, E.C. Dianese col., workers (UnB-2165). Brasília, Fazenda Água Limpa, 01.x.2010, MCGRcol., workers (UnB-9891). 08.iv.1995, Carlos col., workers (UnB-1035). 12.xii.1992, Marcelo Lima col., workers (UnB-1032). 14.xi.1992, Marcelo Lima col., workers (UnB-1030). 15.xi.1992, Marcelo Lima col., workers (UnB-1034). 17.xi.1992, Marcelo Lima col., workers (UnB-1033). Goiás: Aruanã, 06.i.2004, H.F. Cunhacol., workers (UFG). Catalão, vii.2004, D.E. Oliveira col., workers (UnB-10003). Cocalzinho de Goiás, 27.vii.2004, H.F. Cunhacol., workers (UFG). Cavalcante, Fazenda Miraflores, 08-12.ii.2015, R. Constantino col., workers (UnB-10500, 10570, 10584). Alvorada do Norte, Fazenda Paraná, 27.viii.2003, D.L. Bernardo col., workers (UnB-4114). Formosa, Fazenda Santo Antonio, 01.ii.2012, R. Constantino col., workers (UnB-8458). 02.ii.2012, R. Constantino col., workers (UnB-8501). 29.i.2012, R. Constantino col., workers (UnB-8376, UnB-8388). 30.i.2012, R. Constantino col., workers (UnB- 8422). Goiânia, 28.v.1986,? col., workers (UFG-223, 406). Hidrolândia, 30.i.2004, H.F. Cunhacol., workers (UFG). Iporá, 02.vi.2004, H.F. Cunhacol., workers (UFG). Matrinchã, 22.xii.2003, H.F. Cunhacol., workers (UFG). São Domingos, Monte Alto, 03.ix.2003, D.L. Bernardo col., workers (UnB-4427). 06.ix.2003, D.L. Bernardo col., workers (UnB-4367, 4371, 4419). 07.ix.2003, D.L. Bernardo col., workers (UnB-4378, UnB-4439, UnB-4440). 08.ix.2003, D.L. Bernardo col., workers (UnB-4405, UnB-4474). 14.iii.2004, G.C. Costa col., workers (UnB-5315). 16.iii.2004, G.C. Costa col., workers (UnB-5365). Niquelândia, 17.vi.2006, D.G. Pinheiro col., workers (UnB-9910, UnB-9911, UnB-9912, UnB-9913, UnB-9914, UnB-9915, UnB-9916). Mineiros, Parque Nacional das Emas, 15.vi.2004, D.A. Costa col., workers (UFG). Minaçu, UHE Serra da Mesa, 25.ii.1997, R. Constantino col., workers (UnB-0306). Mato Grosso: Chapada dos Guimarães, APM Manso, 12.i.1999, R. Constantino col., workers (UnB-0792). 16.i.1999, R. Constantino col., workers (UnB-0848, UnB-0859). Cáceres, 25.ii.2012, T.G.D. Plaza col., workers (UnB-8954). Chapada dos Guimarães, 10.ii.1976, R.L. Araujo col., workers (MZSP-6524, 6577, 6632, 6812, 6833). Cuiabá, 14.ii.1976, R.L. Araujo col., workers (MZSP-6667, 6700, UnB- 9930); 15.ii.1976, R.L. Araujo col., workers (MZSP-6529, 6681). 16.ii.1976, R.L. Araujo col., workers (MZSP- 6541). 17.ii.1976, R.L. Araujo col., workers (MZSP-6860). 25.v.2005, K.S. Oliveira col., workers (UnB-6399). Ribeirão Cascalheira, Fazenda Destino, 22.x.2011, R. Constantino col., workers (UnB-8114). 27.x.2011, D.E. Oliveira col., workers (UnB-8280). Ribeirão Cascalheira, Fazenda Estrela, 28.x.2011, R. Constantino col., workers (UnB-8254). Nova Xavantina, 13.ix.1999, J. Dalponte col., workers (UnB-1954). 19.ix.1995, J. Dalponte col., workers (UnB-2704). Novo Santo Antônio, Parque Estadual do Araguaia, 05.vi.2005, H.S. Lima & D.D. Franczak col., workers (UnB-6655). 06.xi.2005, H.S. Lima & D.D. Franczak col., workers, imagoes (UnB-6657, 6658, 6659, 6660, 6661, 6662, 6663, 6664, 6665, 6666, 6667, 7120, 7121). 08.xi.2005, H.S. Lima & D.D. Franczak col., workers (UnB-6668, 6669, 6670, 6671, 6672, 6673, 7122). 20.viii.2005, H.S. Lima & D.D. Franczak col., workers (UnB-6656). Nova Xavantina, Rio das Mortes, 16.viii.2010, D.G. Pinheiro col., workers (UnB-9908, 9909). Mato Grosso do Sul: Campo Grande, 14.iii.2003, D.D. Sul col., workers (LRFC-2617). 20.ii.1976, R.L. Araujo col., workers (MZSP-6515). Minas Gerais: Arceburgo, 01.x.2006, E.M. Cancello col., workers (MZSP-11623). Santana do Riacho, Cardeal Mota (Serra do Cipó), 16.iii.2012, A.V. Quintino col., workers (UnB-10050). Paracatu, Faz. Rossato, 27.x.2001, R. Constantino col., workers (UnB-3072). João Pinheiro, 09.vii.2007, A.L. Evangelista col., workers (UnB-7466). Ouro Branco, 12.viii.1995, L.R. & C.F.R. Fontes col., workers (LRFC-1708, LRFC-1712, LRFC-1716). Paracatu, 28.vi.2010, D.G. Pinheiro col., workers (UnB-9907). Rio Paranaíba, 22.x.1990, O.F.F. Souza col., workers (UFV-2103, UFV-2105, UFV-2106). São Thomé das Letras, 13.viii.1995, L.R. & C.F.R. Fontes col., workers (LRFC-1705). Viçosa, 16.ii.2002, C. Galbiati col., workers (UnB-5558). Paraíba: Areia, 10.xi.1998, A. Vasconcellos col., workers (UFPB-1158). Santa Teresinha, 05.ii.2006, A. Vasconcellos col., workers (UnB-6742). Pará: Santarém, Alter do Chão, 08.vi.2012, R. Constantino col., workers (UnB-8742). 11.vi.2012, R. Constantino col., workers (UnB-8789). Altamira, Cachoeira do Curuá, 19.ix.2003, R. Constantino col., workers (UnB-3964). Monte Alegre, 14.vi.2012, R. Constantino col., workers (UnB-8843). Pernambuco: Caruaru, 05.xii.1997, A.G. Bandeira col., workers (UFPB-1088, 1089). 14.viii.1997, C. Montenegrocol., workers (UFPB- 1013). 14.ix.1997, A.G. Bandeira col., workers (UFPB-1014). Recife, 22.x.2000, A. Vasconcellos col., workers (UFPB-1575). Brejo da Madre de Deus, RPPNFazenda Bituri, 29.v.2010, F.M.S. Moura col., workers (UnB- 8938). Piauí: Corrente, 26.xi.1991, E.M. Cancello col., workers (MZSP-12040). Oeiras, 18.xi.1991, P. Moutinho col., workers (MZSP-12037). Bom Jesus, Rodovia Transcerrado, 10.xi.2010, R. Constantino col., workers (UnB- 7890). Rio de Janeiro: Armação dos Búzios, 13.x.1995, L.R. Fontes col., workers (LRFC-1694). Rio Grande do Sul: São Borja, 22.ii.1974, R.L. Araujo col., workers (MZSP-5255). Uruguaiana, viii.1915, E. Garbe col., workers (MZSP-1198). Vacaria, 23.ii.1974, R.L. Araujo col., workers (MZSP-5263). Rondônia: Vilhena, Vilhena - Área 3, 07.xi.1998, R. Constantino col., workers (UnB-2547). Roraima: Cantá, Embrapa Confiança, 28.viii.2014, A.N.S. Acioli col., workers (CICA-0521). São Paulo: Botucatu, 01.xi.1999, E.M. Cancello & C.B col., workers (MZSP- 11082, MZSP-11086). Guarulhos, 21.ix.2003, L.R. Fontes col., workers (LRFC-2442). Jaboticabal, iii.1998, F.J. Cividanes col., workers (MZSP-10805). Manduri, 28.xii.1990, L.R. Fontes col., workers (LRFC-1071). Rio Claro, 02.vii.2004, A.M. Costa-Leonardo col., workers (UnB-6615). 09.x.1992, A.M.C. Leonardo col., workers, imagoes (UnB-0342). São Paulo, 10.iv.1996, F. Silvestri col., workers, imagoes (MZSP-1188). 17.iv.1951, R.L. Araujo col., workers (MZSP-3334). 26.x.1944, R.L. Araujo col., workers (MZSP-2553). Taubaté, 21.iv.1992, L.R. Fontes col., workers (LRFC-1510). Tocantins: Paranã, Fazenda São João, 12.ix.2003, D.L. Bernardo col., workers (UnB-4876). 13.ix.2003, D.L. Bernardo col., workers (UnB-4909). 16.ix.2003, D.L. Bernardo col., workers (UnB-9117). 27.iii.2004, G.C. Costa col., workers (UnB-9124).