Review of the Spirobolida on Madagascar, with descriptions of twelve new genera, including three genera of ' fire millipedes' (Diplopoda)
Wesener, Thomas
Enghoff, Henrik
Sierwald, Petra
ZooKeys
2009
2009-09-04
19
19
1
128
6TD3X
Wesener
Wesener & Enghoff & Sierwald
2009
[140,459,1292,1319]
Diplopoda
Pachybolidae
Ostinobolus
Animalia
Spirobolida
89
90
Arthropoda
species
rufus
sp. nov.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4F757E14-FDBD-424D-AC84-F845D06D5C46
Materialexamined: 47 ♂, 71 ♀, 112 imm. Holotype:1 ♂ ( 50 mmlong, dissected), FMMC W042A, Madagascar, Andohahela, Malio, rainforest, 24°55.810’ S, 46°46.343’ E, leg. Weseneret al., 30.V.2007. Paratypes:6 ♂, 8 ♀, 13 imm., FMMC W042A, same data as holotype; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 2 imm., CAS W042A, same data as holotype; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 2 imm., ZMH W042A, same data as holotype. Othermaterial examined:6 ♂, 10 ♀, 18 imm., W042A, same data as type material, University Antananarivo; 1 ♂, 3 ♀, 2 imm., FMMC W009A, Ambatotsirongorongo Mountain, Petit Lavasoa, 668 m, rainforest, 25°05.021’ S, 46°46.110’ E, leg. Weseneret al., 21.V.2007; 3 ♀, 2 imm., W009A, same data as previous, University Antananarivo; 2 ♂, 2 ♀, 6 imm., FMMC W028A, Sainte Luce, S9, 12 m, littoral forest on sand, 24°46.769’ S, 47°10.288’ E, leg. Weseneret al., 01.VI.2007; 2 ♂, 2 ♀, 6 imm., W028A, same data as previous, University Antananarivo; 1 ♂, 2 ♀, 14 imm., FMMC W050A, Andohahela, Isaka-Ivondro Sud, 46 m, rainforest, 24°49.690’ S, 46°51.971’ E, leg. Weseneret al., 08.VI.2007; 2 ♀, 14 imm., W050A, same data as previous, University Antananarivo; 4 ♂, 5 ♀, 5 imm., FMMC W080, Manantantely, rainforest, 24°59’17.14” S, 46°55’27.95” E, leg. Weseneret al., 06.VI.2007; 4 ♂, 4 ♀, 6 imm., W080, same data as previous, University Antananarivo; 4 ♂, 3 ♀, 8 imm., FMMC W086, Ivorona, 114 m, rainforest, 24°50.026’ S, 46°56.943’ E, leg. Weseneret al., 23.V.2007; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, ZMUC W086, same data as previous; 5 ♂, 3 ♀, 7 imm., W086, same data as previous, University Antananarivo; 1 ♂, 2 ♀, 5 imm., FMMC W100, Ambatotsirongorongo Mountain, Grand Lavasoa, rainforest, 25°5’10.23” S, 46°44’55.93” E, leg. Weseneret al., 14.VI.2007; 2 ♀, 8 imm., W100, same data as previous, University Antananarivo; 1 ♂, 4 W, FMMC, Sainte Luce, littoral forest on sandy soil, 24°47’ S, 47°10’E, leg. T. Wesener, 06.IV.2003, ex wet leaf litter; 1 ♂, FMMC 6B TIM, Vohimena Mountains, Mt. Illapiry, 500 m, station 6, on ridge w/20° slope, E of summit, some granite outcrops, 24°51’33” S, 47°00’27” E, leg. K. Emberton, 31.I.1995; 3 ♂, 1 ♀, FMMC 13602, Andohahela, Vasiha, slope 15°E, 24°55’19’’ S, 46°44’45’’ E, leg. K. Emberton, 6.II.1995; 1 ♂, FMMC 13607, Vohimena Mountains, Mt. Illapiry, 400 m, station 7, on 45° slope, SSE of summit, many granite outcrops, 24°51’27” S, 47°00’38” E, leg. K. Emberton, 31.I.1995; 1 ♀, FMMC 13606, same data as previous; 1 ♂, FMMC 13608, Esetra, Mt. Mahermana, 340 m, station 1, summit, 0° slope, frequent granite outcrops, 24°26’12” S, 47°13’13” E, leg. K. Emberton, 25.I.1995; 1 ♀, FMMC 13605, same data as previous.
Differentialdiagnosis: Ostinobolus rufusshares the star-like tip of the posterior gonopod ( Fig. 48J) only with O. stellaris sp. n.The former differs from the latter in the higher number of body rings, differences in the anterior and posterior gonopods including a conspicuous longer posterior gonopod in O. rufusthan in O. stellaris sp. n.
Description. Measurements: males with 46–49 rings, 43–53 mmlong, 3.8–4.4 mmwide. Females with 46–48 rings, 56–65 mmlong, 5.5–6.3 mmwide. Colorationred ( Figs 48A–D). Rings dorsally with an irregular yellow stripe. Mesozonites and part of metazonites between stripe and opening of ozopores darker blackish ( Fig. 48C). Eyeswith circa 25 ocelli arranged in five rows ( Fig. 48A). Antennaeprotruding back to ring 5 ( Fig. 48A). Male coxal processesonly on coxae 3 and 4, short and conical. Prefemur 3–5 with hollow invaginations ( Fig. 48B). Preanal processabsent ( Fig. 48D). Anterior gonopodsternite basally wide, apically elevated into a lobe with a slender, rectangular tip ( Fig. 48G). Sternite tip almost as high as telopodite. Coxite not extending beyond sternite, inconspicuous ( Fig. 48H). Telopodite on posterior side apically with a small, erect process. Process not projecting above telopodite margins ( Fig. 48H). Posterior gonopods: basal stem of telopodite 3.6 times longer than wide ( Fig. 48J). Apical part of telopodite star-shaped ( Fig. 48I). At mesal margin with three star arms ( x, y, zin Fig. 48J). Telopodite apically with a small membranous process ( xin Fig. 48I) and a well-developed membranous fringe ( w). Intraspecificvariation:although specimens were collected from no less than nine localities, spread over rainforest in the whole southeastern region of Madagascar( Fig. 49), no intraspecific variation was observed. The numbers of rings varied within the same population as much as between populations. Females are always larger and thicker than males.
Distributionand ecology: this species could be recorded from each single inventoried rainforest south of the Andohahela Isaka-Ivondro corridor ( Fig. 49). It was not found (yet?) in the highly endangered ( Vincelette et al. 2003) littoral forest of Mandena.
Etymology: rufus, adjective, refers to the characteristic red colour pattern.
2608818302
2007-05-30
FMMC
Wesener
Madagascar
-24.930166
Andohahela
1
46.772385
Malio
89
90
W042
183
71
holotype
2608818330
2007-05-30
FMMC
Wesener
Madagascar
-24.930166
Andohahela
1
46.772385
Malio
89
90
W042
21
8
paratype
2608818350
[337,965,1504,1531]
2007-05-30
CAS
Wesener
Madagascar
-24.930166
Andohahela
1
46.772385
Malio
89
90
W042
3
1
paratype
2608818254
2007-05-30
ZMH
Wesener
Madagascar
-24.930166
Andohahela
1
46.772385
Malio
89
90
W042
3
1
paratype
2608818335
University
89
90
28
10
Antananarivo
2608818236
2007-05-21
FMMC
Wesener
668
90
91
-25.083683
Petit Lavasoa
1
46.7685
Ambatotsirongorongo Mountain
89
90
W009
5
3
Antananarivo
2608818252
2007-05-21
FMMC
University
668
-25.083683
Petit Lavasoa
1
46.7685
Ambatotsirongorongo Mountain
90
91
5
3
Antananarivo
2608818260
2007-06-01
FMMC
Wesener
-24.779484
Sainte Luce
1
47.171467
90
91
W028
8
2
Antananarivo
2608818246
2007-06-01
FMMC
University
-24.779484
Sainte Luce
1
47.171467
90
91
8
2
Antananarivo
2608818202
2007-06-08
FMMC
Wesener
46
-24.828167
Isaka-Ivondro Sud
1
46.866184
Andohahela
90
91
W050
16
2
Antananarivo
2608818243
2007-06-08
FMMC
University
46
-24.828167
Isaka-Ivondro Sud
1
46.866184
Andohahela
90
91
16
2
Antananarivo
2608818292
2007-06-06
FMMC
Wesener
-24.988094
Manantantely
1
46.92443
90
91
W080
10
5
Antananarivo
2608818345
[140,1014,448,475]
2007-06-06
FMMC
University
-24.988094
Manantantely
1
46.92443
90
91
10
4
Antananarivo
2608818352
2007-05-23
FMMC
Wesener
114
-24.833767
Ivorona
1
46.94905
90
91
W086
11
3
Antananarivo
2608818217
[495,1044,519,545]
2007-05-23
ZMUC
Wesener
114
-24.833767
Ivorona
1
46.94905
90
91
W086
1
1
Antananarivo
2608818322
2007-05-23
ZMUC
University
114
-24.833767
Ivorona
1
46.94905
90
91
10
3
Antananarivo
2608818230
2007-06-14
FMMC
Wesener
-25.086176
Grand Lavasoa
1
46.74887
Ambatotsirongorongo Mountain
90
91
W100
7
2
Antananarivo
2608818274
2007-06-14
FMMC
University
-25.086176
Grand Lavasoa
1
46.74887
Ambatotsirongorongo Mountain
90
91
10
2
Antananarivo
2608818314
2003-04-06
FMMC
T. Wesener
-24.783333
Sainte Luce
1249
47.166668
90
91
1
Antananarivo
2608818231
1995-01-31
FMMC
K. Emberton
500
-24.859167
Mt. Illapiry
21
47.0075
Vohimena Mountains
90
91
FMMC 6
1
Antananarivo
2608818362
1995-02-06
FMMC
K. Emberton
-24.921944
Vasiha
21
46.745834
Andohahela
90
91
FMMC 13602
1
1
Antananarivo
2608818342
1995-01-31
FMMC
K. Emberton
400
-24.8575
Mt. Illapiry
21
47.010555
Vohimena Mountains
90
91
FMMC 13607
1
Antananarivo
2608818329
1995-01-31
FMMC
K. Emberton
400
-24.8575
Mt. Illapiry
21
47.010555
Vohimena Mountains
90
91
FMMC 13606
1
1
Antananarivo
2608818262
1995-01-25
FMMC
K. Emberton
340
-24.436666
Mt. Mahermana
21
47.22028
Esetra
90
91
FMMC 13608
1
Antananarivo
2608818290
[510,998,1011,1038]
1995-01-25
FMMC
K. Emberton
340
-24.436666
Mt. Mahermana
21
47.22028
Esetra
90
91
FMMC 13605
1
1
Antananarivo