Review of the Spirobolida on Madagascar, with descriptions of twelve new genera, including three genera of ' fire millipedes' (Diplopoda) Wesener, Thomas Enghoff, Henrik Sierwald, Petra ZooKeys 2009 2009-09-04 19 19 1 128 6TD3X Wesener Wesener & Enghoff & Sierwald 2009 [140,459,1292,1319] Diplopoda Pachybolidae Ostinobolus Animalia Spirobolida 89 90 Arthropoda species rufus sp. nov.   urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4F757E14-FDBD-424D-AC84-F845D06D5C46    Materialexamined: 47 ♂, 71 ♀, 112 imm.  Holotype:1 ♂ ( 50 mmlong, dissected), FMMC W042A, Madagascar, Andohahela, Malio, rainforest, 24°55.810’ S, 46°46.343’ E, leg. Weseneret al.,  30.V.2007.   Paratypes:6 ♂, 8 ♀, 13 imm., FMMC W042A, same data as holotype; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 2 imm., CAS W042A, same data as holotype; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 2 imm., ZMH W042A, same data as holotype.    Othermaterial examined:6 ♂, 10 ♀, 18 imm., W042A, same data as type material, University Antananarivo; 1 ♂, 3 ♀, 2 imm., FMMC W009A, Ambatotsirongorongo Mountain, Petit Lavasoa,  668 m, rainforest, 25°05.021’ S, 46°46.110’ E, leg. Weseneret al.,  21.V.2007;  3 ♀, 2 imm., W009A, same data as previous, University Antananarivo; 2 ♂, 2 ♀, 6 imm., FMMC W028A, Sainte Luce, S9, 12 m, littoral forest on sand, 24°46.769’ S, 47°10.288’ E, leg. Weseneret al.,  01.VI.2007; 2 ♂, 2 ♀, 6 imm., W028A, same data as previous, University Antananarivo; 1 ♂, 2 ♀, 14 imm., FMMC W050A, Andohahela, Isaka-Ivondro Sud,  46 m, rainforest, 24°49.690’ S, 46°51.971’ E, leg. Weseneret al.,  08.VI.2007;  2 ♀, 14 imm., W050A, same data as previous, University Antananarivo; 4 ♂, 5 ♀, 5 imm., FMMC W080, Manantantely, rainforest, 24°59’17.14” S, 46°55’27.95” E, leg. Weseneret al.,  06.VI.2007; 4 ♂, 4 ♀, 6 imm., W080, same data as previous, University Antananarivo; 4 ♂, 3 ♀, 8 imm., FMMC W086, Ivorona,  114 m, rainforest, 24°50.026’ S, 46°56.943’ E, leg. Weseneret al.,  23.V.2007; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, ZMUC W086, same data as previous; 5 ♂, 3 ♀, 7 imm., W086, same data as previous, University Antananarivo; 1 ♂, 2 ♀, 5 imm., FMMC W100, Ambatotsirongorongo Mountain, Grand Lavasoa, rainforest, 25°5’10.23” S, 46°44’55.93” E, leg. Weseneret al.,  14.VI.2007;  2 ♀, 8 imm., W100, same data as previous, University Antananarivo; 1 ♂, 4 W, FMMC, Sainte Luce, littoral forest on sandy soil, 24°47’ S, 47°10’E, leg. T. Wesener,  06.IV.2003, ex wet leaf litter; 1 ♂, FMMC 6B TIM, Vohimena Mountains, Mt. Illapiry,  500 m, station 6, on ridge w/20° slope, E of summit, some granite outcrops, 24°51’33” S, 47°00’27” E, leg. K. Emberton,  31.I.1995; 3 ♂, 1 ♀, FMMC 13602, Andohahela, Vasiha, slope 15°E, 24°55’19’’ S, 46°44’45’’ E, leg. K. Emberton,  6.II.1995; 1 ♂, FMMC 13607, Vohimena Mountains, Mt. Illapiry,  400 m, station 7, on 45° slope, SSE of summit, many granite outcrops, 24°51’27” S, 47°00’38” E, leg. K. Emberton,  31.I.1995;  1 ♀, FMMC 13606, same data as previous; 1 ♂, FMMC 13608, Esetra, Mt. Mahermana,  340 m, station 1, summit, 0° slope, frequent granite outcrops, 24°26’12” S, 47°13’13” E, leg. K. Emberton,  25.I.1995;  1 ♀, FMMC 13605, same data as previous.    Differentialdiagnosis:  Ostinobolus rufusshares the star-like tip of the posterior gonopod ( Fig. 48J) only with  O. stellaris sp. n.The former differs from the latter in the higher number of body rings, differences in the anterior and posterior gonopods including a conspicuous longer posterior gonopod in  O. rufusthan in  O. stellaris sp. n.    Description. Measurements: males with 46–49 rings, 43–53 mmlong, 3.8–4.4 mmwide. Females with 46–48 rings, 56–65 mmlong, 5.5–6.3 mmwide.  Colorationred ( Figs 48A–D). Rings dorsally with an irregular yellow stripe. Mesozonites and part of metazonites between stripe and opening of ozopores darker blackish ( Fig. 48C).  Eyeswith circa 25 ocelli arranged in five rows ( Fig. 48A). Antennaeprotruding back to ring 5 ( Fig. 48A). Male coxal processesonly on coxae 3 and 4, short and conical. Prefemur 3–5 with hollow invaginations ( Fig. 48B). Preanal processabsent ( Fig. 48D).  Anterior gonopodsternite basally wide, apically elevated into a lobe with a slender, rectangular tip ( Fig. 48G). Sternite tip almost as high as telopodite. Coxite not extending beyond sternite, inconspicuous ( Fig. 48H). Telopodite on posterior side apically with a small, erect process. Process not projecting above telopodite margins ( Fig. 48H).  Posterior gonopods: basal stem of telopodite 3.6 times longer than wide ( Fig. 48J). Apical part of telopodite star-shaped ( Fig. 48I). At mesal margin with three star arms ( x, y, zin Fig. 48J). Telopodite apically with a small membranous process ( xin Fig. 48I) and a well-developed membranous fringe ( w).   Intraspecificvariation:although specimens were collected from no less than nine localities, spread over rainforest in the whole southeastern region of Madagascar( Fig. 49), no intraspecific variation was observed. The numbers of rings varied within the same population as much as between populations. Females are always larger and thicker than males.    Distributionand ecology: this species could be recorded from each single inventoried rainforest south of the Andohahela Isaka-Ivondro corridor ( Fig. 49). It was not found (yet?) in the highly endangered ( Vincelette et al. 2003) littoral forest of Mandena.    Etymology:  rufus, adjective, refers to the characteristic red colour pattern. 2608818302 2007-05-30 FMMC Wesener Madagascar -24.930166 Andohahela 1 46.772385 Malio 89 90 W042 183 71 holotype 2608818330 2007-05-30 FMMC Wesener Madagascar -24.930166 Andohahela 1 46.772385 Malio 89 90 W042 21 8 paratype 2608818350 [337,965,1504,1531] 2007-05-30 CAS Wesener Madagascar -24.930166 Andohahela 1 46.772385 Malio 89 90 W042 3 1 paratype 2608818254 2007-05-30 ZMH Wesener Madagascar -24.930166 Andohahela 1 46.772385 Malio 89 90 W042 3 1 paratype 2608818335 University 89 90 28 10 Antananarivo 2608818236 2007-05-21 FMMC Wesener 668 90 91 -25.083683 Petit Lavasoa 1 46.7685 Ambatotsirongorongo Mountain 89 90 W009 5 3 Antananarivo 2608818252 2007-05-21 FMMC University 668 -25.083683 Petit Lavasoa 1 46.7685 Ambatotsirongorongo Mountain 90 91 5 3 Antananarivo 2608818260 2007-06-01 FMMC Wesener -24.779484 Sainte Luce 1 47.171467 90 91 W028 8 2 Antananarivo 2608818246 2007-06-01 FMMC University -24.779484 Sainte Luce 1 47.171467 90 91 8 2 Antananarivo 2608818202 2007-06-08 FMMC Wesener 46 -24.828167 Isaka-Ivondro Sud 1 46.866184 Andohahela 90 91 W050 16 2 Antananarivo 2608818243 2007-06-08 FMMC University 46 -24.828167 Isaka-Ivondro Sud 1 46.866184 Andohahela 90 91 16 2 Antananarivo 2608818292 2007-06-06 FMMC Wesener -24.988094 Manantantely 1 46.92443 90 91 W080 10 5 Antananarivo 2608818345 [140,1014,448,475] 2007-06-06 FMMC University -24.988094 Manantantely 1 46.92443 90 91 10 4 Antananarivo 2608818352 2007-05-23 FMMC Wesener 114 -24.833767 Ivorona 1 46.94905 90 91 W086 11 3 Antananarivo 2608818217 [495,1044,519,545] 2007-05-23 ZMUC Wesener 114 -24.833767 Ivorona 1 46.94905 90 91 W086 1 1 Antananarivo 2608818322 2007-05-23 ZMUC University 114 -24.833767 Ivorona 1 46.94905 90 91 10 3 Antananarivo 2608818230 2007-06-14 FMMC Wesener -25.086176 Grand Lavasoa 1 46.74887 Ambatotsirongorongo Mountain 90 91 W100 7 2 Antananarivo 2608818274 2007-06-14 FMMC University -25.086176 Grand Lavasoa 1 46.74887 Ambatotsirongorongo Mountain 90 91 10 2 Antananarivo 2608818314 2003-04-06 FMMC T. Wesener -24.783333 Sainte Luce 1249 47.166668 90 91 1 Antananarivo 2608818231 1995-01-31 FMMC K. Emberton 500 -24.859167 Mt. Illapiry 21 47.0075 Vohimena Mountains 90 91 FMMC 6 1 Antananarivo 2608818362 1995-02-06 FMMC K. Emberton -24.921944 Vasiha 21 46.745834 Andohahela 90 91 FMMC 13602 1 1 Antananarivo 2608818342 1995-01-31 FMMC K. Emberton 400 -24.8575 Mt. Illapiry 21 47.010555 Vohimena Mountains 90 91 FMMC 13607 1 Antananarivo 2608818329 1995-01-31 FMMC K. Emberton 400 -24.8575 Mt. Illapiry 21 47.010555 Vohimena Mountains 90 91 FMMC 13606 1 1 Antananarivo 2608818262 1995-01-25 FMMC K. Emberton 340 -24.436666 Mt. Mahermana 21 47.22028 Esetra 90 91 FMMC 13608 1 Antananarivo 2608818290 [510,998,1011,1038] 1995-01-25 FMMC K. Emberton 340 -24.436666 Mt. Mahermana 21 47.22028 Esetra 90 91 FMMC 13605 1 1 Antananarivo