The South American spider genera Mesabolivar and Carapoia (Araneae, Pholcidae): new species and a framework for redrawing generic limits Huber, Bernhard A. Zootaxa 2018 2018-03-19 4395 1 1 178 5WZXK Huber, 2018 Huber 2018 [151,391,1268,1294] Arachnida Pholcidae Carapoia GBIF Animalia Araneae 145 146 Arthropoda species suassunai sp. nov.   Diagnosis.Easily distinguished from most similar known species (  C. pulchra) by shape of epigynum (compare Figs 655–656and Figs 648–649; anterior epigynal plate at posterior margin with pair of processes with whitish tips; pair of large round depressions); also by armature of male chelicerae (compare Figs 653–654and Figs 646– 647; pair of frontal apophyses stronger, closer to median line, pointing more downward) and by slightly longer procursus with shorter dorso-distal apophysis (compare Figs 651, 652).   Etymology.Named for Ariano Vilar Suassuna ( 1927–2014), Brazilian playwright and author.    Typematerial. BRAZIL:  Paraíba: ♂ holotype, 1♀ paratype, UFMG(21554–55), and 13♂ 10♀ paratypes, ZFMK(Ar 19261–62), Parque Estadual da Mata do Pau Ferro ( 6°57.9’S, 35°44.9’W), 600 ma.s.l., 31.v.2015(B.A. Huber, L.S. Carvalho).    Othermaterial examined. BRAZIL:  Paraíba: 2 juvs, together with female paratypes; 2♂4 juvs in pure ethanol, same data as types, ZFMK( Br15-241).  3♂ 3♀, ZFMK( Ar19263), Reserva Biológica de Guaribas, ‘site 2’ ( 6°44.4’S, 35°09.6’W),  170 ma.s.l.,  3.vi.2015( B.A. Huber, L.S. Carvalho);  2♀ 1 juv.in pure ethanol, same data, ZFMK( Br15-254).    Rio Grande do Norte: 7♂ 10♀ 1 juv., ZFMK( Ar19264–65), Parque Estadual Mata de Pipa, outside park boundaries ( 6°13.70’S, 35°04.01’W),  50 ma.s.l.,  4.vi.2015( B.A. Huber, L.S. Carvalho);  3♀in pure ethanol, ZFMK( Br15-257), same data.  7♂ 7♀, ZFMK( Ar19266–67), degraded forest along Maxaranguape River( 5°29.61’S, 35°17.09’W),  20 ma.s.l.,  4.vi.2015( B.A. Huber, L.S. Carvalho).   Description. Male( holotype)   FIGURES 659–664.Female epigyna, ventral views and cleared female genitalia, dorsal views. 659–660.  Carapoia utinga  sp. n.(ZFMK Ar 19255). 661–662.  C. pulchra  sp. n.(ZFMK Ar 19257). 663–664.  C. suassunai  sp. n.(ZFMK Ar 19262). MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 3.8, carapace width 1.4. Distance PME-PME 160 µm, diameter PME 110 µm, distance PME-ALE 80 µm, distance AME-AME 20 µm, diameter AME 50 µm. Sternum width/length: 1.00/ 0.65. Leg 1: 33.9 (7.9 + 0.6 + 7.9 + 15.4 + 2.1), tibia 2: 4.8, tibia 3: 3.5, tibia 4: 4.3; tibia 1 L/d: 56. Femora 1–4 width (at half length): 0.23, 0.26, 0.28, 0.24. COLOR (in ethanol). Prosoma ochre-orange, carapace median line darker, dark mark behind ocular area; legs light brown, with indistinct darker rings on femora (subdistally) and tibiae (proximally and subdistally); abdomen pale greenish gray, with few dark internal marks dorsally and laterally, ventrally with ochre-orange areas in front of gonopore and in front of spinnerets. BODY. Habitus as in Fig. 596; ocular area raised; carapace with distinct median furrow; clypeus unmodified; sternum unmodified. CHELICERAE. With pair of strong frontal apophyses, indistinct lighter area between apophyses and laminae ( Figs 653–654). PALPS. Very similar to  C. pulchra(cf. Figs 644–645), slightly larger; proximal segments indistinguishable; genital bulb apparently also identical (membranous structures difficult to compare); procursus slightly longer, with shorter dorso-distal apophysis ( Fig. 652). LEGS. Densely covered with short hairs, with many short spines on all femora (on all sides except dorsally), few spines also proximally on tibiae 1 (pro- and retrolaterally); with curved hairs dorsally especially on tibiae and metatarsi 2–3, few curved hairs also distally on tibiae 1, proximally on metatarsi 1 and 4; with short vertical hairs in two dorsal rows on all tibiae; retrolateral trichobothrium on tibia 1 at 4%; prolateral trichobothrium present on tibia 1; tarsus 1 with>35 pseudosegments, distally fairly distinct.  Male(variation). Largest males with spines on all tibiae, smallest males with almost no spines on legs. Tibia 1 in27 other males: 5.9–8.5 (mean 7.7).  Female.General body shape and size similar to male but coloration different ( Figs 597–598): ochre-brown rather than orange, carapace with distinct lateral and median brown marks, clypeus and sternum dark brown, legs with distinct dark rings (femora subdistally, tibiae proximally and subdistally, metatarsi proximally), brown marks on abdomen usually more numerous and darker. Legs without spines, with curved hairs usually on metatarsi 1 only, in some females also on tibiae 1 and on metatarsi 2. Tibia 1 in 29 females: 4.8–6.3 (mean 5.5). Epigynum as in Figs 655–657, 663; anterior plate brown, strongly sculptured, with pair of anterior processes similar to  C. pulchra, with additional pair of distinctive processes with whitish tips at posterior margin; indistinct posterior plate with low lateral humps; with small sclerites in membrane between anterior and posterior plates. Internal genitalia as in Figs 658, 664, with distinctively curved pore-plates.  Natural history.This species appeared in many ways close to  C. pulchra(see above): it was found in identical webs that transformed into funnels that led into a retreat often formed by a dying or dead leaf; it ranged from close to the ground up to 1 mand more; males and females were sometimes found to share a retreat. Some females had distinct genital plugs.   Distribution.Known from several localities in Paraíbaand Rio Grande do Nortestates ( Brazil) ( Fig. 742). 1835976017 ZFMK Br Brazil Other 145 146 2 2 Paraiba paratype 1835975883 2015-06-03 ZFMK B. A. Huber & L. S. Carvalho Brazil 170 -6.74 Reserva Biologica de Guaribas 129 -35.16 Ar 145 146 6 3 3 Paraiba paratype 1835975900 2015-06-03 ZFMK Br Brazil 170 -6.74 Reserva Biologica de Guaribas 129 -35.16 Ar 145 146 3 2 Paraiba paratype 1835975905 2015-06-04 ZFMK B. A. Huber & L. S. Carvalho 50 -6.2283335 Parque Estadual Mata de Pipa 13 -35.066833 Ar 145 146 18 10 7 Rio Grande do Norte 1835976014 2015-06-04 ZFMK Br 50 -6.2283335 Parque Estadual Mata de Pipa 13 -35.066833 Ar 145 146 3 3 Rio Grande do Norte 1835975912 2015-06-04 ZFMK B. A. Huber & L. S. Carvalho 20 -5.4935 Maxaranguape River 13 -35.284832 Ar 145 146 14 7 7 Rio Grande do Norte