The South American spider genera Mesabolivar and Carapoia (Araneae, Pholcidae): new species and a framework for redrawing generic limits Huber, Bernhard A. Zootaxa 2018 2018-03-19 4395 1 1 178 6RB3X Huber, 2018 Huber 2018 [151,422,1437,1463] Arachnida Pholcidae Mesabolivar GBIF Animalia Araneae 72 73 Arthropoda species kaingang sp. nov.   Diagnosis.Easily distinguished from known congeners by male procursus ( Figs 285, 287–288; small dorsal process, retrolateral ridge, prolateral pointed process); also by armature of male chelicerae ( Fig. 286; distal apophyses close to lamellae, small proximal processes) and shape of epigynum ( Figs 289–290, 304; oval, with posterior pocket on slightly projecting ‘scape’).   Etymology.The specific name honors the Kaingang, a Native American ethnic group spread out over the states of Paraná, Santa Catarinaand Rio Grande do Suland the southeastern state of São Paulo; noun in apposition.    Typematerial. BRAZIL:  Paraná: ♂ holotype, 1♀ paratype, UFMG(21512–13), 10♂ 4♀ paratypes, ZFMK(Ar 19142), Saint-Hilaire/Lange National Park, forest above Hotel Mata Atlântica ( 25.670°S, 48.600°W), ~ 200– 300 ma.s.l., night collecting, 12.x.2014(B.A. Huber, L.S. Carvalho).   Other material examined. BRAZIL:  Paraná: 5♀in pure ethanol, ZFMK( Br14-140), same data as types.  3♂ 2♀, ZFMK( Ar19143), Saint-Hilaire/ Lange National Park, forest along river above Fazenda Niteroi( 25.657°S, 48.601°W), ~  100 ma.s.l.,  11.x.2014( B.A. Huber, L.S. Carvalho);  1♂ 1♀in pure ethanol, ZFMK( Br14-133), same data.  4♂, SMNK( ECS 756, 759), Reserva Natural do Rio Cachoeira[~ 23.38°S, 48.70°W], 19.xi./  15.xii.2007( F. Raub, L. Scheuermann).   FIGURES 284–291.  Mesabolivar kaingang  sp. n.(ZFMK Ar 19142). 284–285. Left male palp, prolateral and retrolateral views. 286. Male chelicerae, frontal view. 287–288. Left procursus, prolateral and dorsal views. 289–290. Epigynum, ventral and lateral views. 291. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.5.   FIGURES 292–305.Female epigyna in ventral views and cleared female genitalia in dorsal views,  Mesabolivar kathrinaegroup and  M. cyaneotaeniatusgroup. 292–293.  M. azureus(Badcock, 1932)(ZFMK Ar 19087). 294–295.  M. pallens  sp. n.(ZFMK Ar 19093). 296.  M. kathrinaeHuber, 2015(ZFMK Ar 12621). 297. M. sp., undescribed species (ZFMK Ar 19104), from Paraná, Fazenda Experimental Gralha Azul. 298–299.  M. brasiliensis(Moenkhaus, 1898), from Ubatuba (298, ZFMK Ar 19105) and Guapiaçú (299, ZFMK Ar 19110). 300–303.  M. cyaneotaeniatus(Keyserling, 1891)(‘true’) from St. Hilaire/Lange (300, ZFMK Ar 19134) and Vargem Alta (301, ZFMK Ar 19136), and possible heterospecific specimens from Guapiaçú (302, ZFMK Ar 19120) and Pau Brasil (303, ZFMK Ar 19141). 304–305.  M. kaingang  sp. n.(ZFMK Ar 19142). Arrows point at present (300)/absent (302) dark ridges.    Santa Catarina: 2♀, ZFMK( Ar19144), Itapoá, Reserva Volta Velha( 26°05.8’S, 48°39.1’W),  20 ma.s.l.,  27– 28.ix.2010( B.A. Huber, J. Ricetti); 4 juvs in pure ethanol,  ZFMK( Br10-68), same data.     Assignedtentatively. BRAZIL:  Paraná: 3♂ 2♀, ZFMK( Ar19145), São José dos Pinhais, Serro e Gemido( 25°41.5’S, 49°03.4’W), ~  1000 ma.s.l., in hollow trees,  25.ix.2010(B.A. Huber, J. Ricetti);  1♂ 1♀in pure ethanol, ZFMK( Br10-60), same data.  1♀(and one ♂palp and ♂chelicerae transferred from ZFMK Br10-58), ZFMK( Ar19146), Rio Grande, Fazenda Experimental Gralha Azul( 25°40.0’S, 49°16.2’W),  910 ma.s.l.,  26.ix.2010( B.A. Huber, J. Ricetti);  1♂ 1♀in pure ethanol, ZFMK( Br10-58), same data.  Description. Male( holotype) MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 4.7, carapace width 1.7. Distance PME-PME 160 µm, diameter PME 160 µm, distance PME-ALE 150 µm, distance AME-AME 30 µm, diameter AME 60 µm. Sternum width/length: 1.2/ 0.7. Leg 1: 61.2 (14.7 + 0.8 + 14.4 + 27.3 + 4.0), tibia 2: 10.8, tibia 3: 8.9, tibia 4: 9.3; tibia 1 L/d: 90. Femora 1–4 width (at half length): 0.23, 0.25, 0.25, 0.23. COLOR (in ethanol). Carapace ochre-yellow, with large dark median mark including ocular area, clypeus not darker; sternum orange; legs brown, tips of femora and tibiae lighter, indistinct darker rings on femora (subdistally) and tibiae (proximally and subdistally); abdomen greenish gray, dorsally and laterally densely covered with dark marks, ventrally pale greenish gray with small ochre-yellow area in front of gonopore and indistinct ochre-yellow area in front of spinnerets. BODY. Habitus as in Fig. 259; ocular area raised; carapace with distinct median furrow; clypeus unmodified; sternum unmodified. CHELICERAE. With distal apophyses close to lamellae, weakly projecting (not visible in lateral view), proximal processes very small ( Fig. 286). PALPS. As in Figs 284–285; coxa with distinct retrolateral apophysis; trochanter barely modified; femur with hooked retrolateral apophysis proximally, distally widening; procursus with small dorsal process, distinctive retrolateral ridge and small prolateral pointed process ( Figs 285, 287–288); genital bulb with large tapering process mostly membranous. LEGS. Densely covered with short hairs, without spines and curved hairs, few vertical hairs; retrolateral trichobothrium on tibia 1 at 1.5%; prolateral trichobothrium present on tibia 1; tarsus 1 with>30 pseudosegments, distally fairly distinct.  Male(variation). Tibia 1 in12 other males from Saint-Hilaire/Lange National Park: 13.1–16.4 (mean 14.4). Proximal cheliceral processes barely visible in some males. In males from near Curitiba (Serro e Gemido and Fazenda Experimental Gralha Azul) the proximal cheliceral processes are larger, and the procursus differs slightly (prolateral apophysis stronger, proximal part relatively more slender); specimens from these localities are therefore assigned tentatively; tibia 1 inmales from Serro e Gemido: 12.9, 14.0, 15.3.  Female.In general similar to male ( Fig. 260). Tibia 1 innine females from Saint-Hilaire/Lange National Park and Volta Velha: 10.6–14.1 (mean 12.4). Epigynum as in Figs 289–290, 304; simple oval anterior plate weakly projecting, without processes, with pocket at posterior margin; posterior plate short and wide. Internal genitalia as in Figs 291, 305, with pair of bean-shaped pore-plates converging anteriorly. In females from near Curitiba (Serro e Gemido and Fazenda Experimental Gralha Azul), the posterior margin of the epigynal plate is slightly straighter; they are assigned tentatively (tibia 1 inthree females: 9.6, 11.7, 13.5).  Natural history.The spiders were found in large sheltered spaces among rocks and logs, and in hollow logs. At Saint-Hilaire/Lange National Park they shared the microhabitat with  M. bicuspis. When disturbed they started swinging with large amplitude and high frequency but did not run away.   Distribution.Known from several sites in Paranáand Santa Catarinastates ( Brazil) ( Fig. 733); western specimens (from near Curitiba) are assigned tentatively. 1835975842 [199,1391,1868,1893] ZFMK Br Brazil 72 73 5 5 Parana 1835975802 2014-10-11 ZFMK B. A. Huber & L. S. Carvalho Brazil Ar 100 -25.657 Lange National Park 74 -48.601 Saint-Hilaire 72 73 5 2 3 Parana 1835975721 2014-10-11 ZFMK Br Brazil Ar 100 -25.657 Lange National Park 74 -48.601 Saint-Hilaire 72 73 2 1 1 Parana 1835975723 2007-12-15 SMNK F. Raub & L. Scheuermann Brazil -23.38 Reserva Natural do Rio Cachoeira 753 -48.7 72 73 ECS 756, 759 4 4 Parana 1835975818 2010-09-27 2010-09-28 2010-09-27 ZFMK B. A. Huber & J. Ricetti Ar 20 -26.096666 Reserva Volta Velha 124 -48.651665 Itapoa 75 76 2 2 Santa Catarina 1835975700 [810,1135,188,213] 2010-09-27 2010-09-28 2010-09-27 ZFMK Br Ar 20 -26.096666 Reserva Volta Velha 124 -48.651665 Itapoa 75 76 1 Santa Catarina 1835975808 2010-09-25 ZFMK Brazil Assigned 1000 -25.691668 Gemido 124 -49.056667 Ar 75 76 5 2 3 Parana 1835975705 2010-09-25 ZFMK Br Brazil Assigned 1000 -25.691668 Gemido 124 -49.056667 Ar 75 76 2 1 1 Parana 1835975814 2010-09-26 ZFMK B. A. Huber & J. Ricetti Brazil Br 910 -25.666666 Rio Grande 124 -49.27 Ar 75 76 3 1 2 Parana 1835975702 [553,1145,367,392] 2010-09-26 ZFMK Br Brazil Br 910 -25.666666 Rio Grande 124 -49.27 Ar 75 76 2 1 1 Parana