The South American spider genera Mesabolivar and Carapoia (Araneae, Pholcidae): new species and a framework for redrawing generic limits Huber, Bernhard A. Zootaxa 2018 2018-03-19 4395 1 1 178 3ZXFG Huber, 2018 Huber 2018 [151,404,1110,1136] Arachnida Pholcidae Mesabolivar GBIF Animalia Araneae 94 95 Arthropoda species yucuma sp. nov.   Diagnosis.Distinguished from similar congeners (  M. uruguayensis,  M. iguazu,  M. chapeco) by short proximal processes on male chelicerae ( Figs 403–404; similar in  M. bicuspis); also by male procursus ( Figs 400–402; with distinctive distal sclerotized and membranous elements, dorsal transversal ridge as in  M. chapeco), and by shape of epigynum ( Figs 405–406, 434–435; anterior plate slightly curved in lateral view, with pair of low processes and pocket on dark sclerotized process at posterior margin).   Etymology.The specific name is derived from the typelocality; noun in apposition.    Typematerial. BRAZIL:  Rio Grande do Sul: ♂ holotype, 1♀ paratype, UFMG(21522–23), 12♂ 13♀ paratypes, ZFMK(Ar 19176), Turvo National Park, near Saltodo Yucumã ( 27.136°S, 53.882°W), 175 ma.s.l., 28.x.2014(B.A. Huber, L.S. Carvalho).    Othermaterial examined. BRAZIL:  Rio Grande do Sul: 1♂ 4♀in pure ethanol, ZFMK( Br14-194), same data as types. 6♂ 2♀, ZFMK (Ar 19177–78), Turvo National Park, forest near Pousadas das Fontes (27.256°S, 53.877°W), 470 ma.s.l., 27.x.2014(B.A. Huber, L.S. Carvalho). 2♂ 1♀, ZFMK (Ar 19179), Turvo National Park, Lagoas Trail near headquarters (27.231°S, 53.849°W), 400 ma.s.l., 29.x.2014(B.A. Huber, L.S. Carvalho);  1♀in pure ethanol, ZFMK( Br14-200), same data. 1♂ 2♀, ZFMK (Ar 19180), Turvo National Park, near western entrance (27.244°S, 53.963°W), 400 ma.s.l., 29.x.2014(B.A. Huber, L.S. Carvalho).   Description. Male( holotype) MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 3.7, carapace width 1.45. Distance PME-PME 120 µm, diameter PME 120 µm, distance PME-ALE 120 µm, distance AME-AME 20 µm, diameter AME 50 µm. Sternum width/length: 0.95/ 0.55. Leg 1: 39.6 (10.3 + 0.5 + 9.9 + 16.7 + 2.2), tibia 2: 6.4, tibia 3: 4.9, tibia 4: 6.5; tibia 1 L/d: 71. Femora 1–4 width (at half length): 0.22, 0.25, 0.24, 0.21. COLOR (in ethanol). Carapace pale ochre-yellow with large dark median mark including ocular area and brown lateral margins; clypeus not darker; sternum orange to light brown; legs dark brown, tips of femora and tibiae lighter, darker rings on femora (subdistally) and tibiae (proximally and subdistally); abdomen greenish gray, with darker internal marks dorsally and laterally, ventrally with orange to light brown area in front of gonopore and very indistinct plate in front of spinnerets. BODY. Habitus as in Fig. 380; ocular area raised; carapace with distinct median furrow; clypeus unmodified; sternum unmodified. CHELICERAE. With pair of small apophyses distally close to median line and pair of low processes proximally ( Figs 403–404). PALPS. In general very similar to  M. chapeco(cf. Figs 390–391), coxa with same distinctive retrolateral apophysis; tarsus without retrolateral hump (in contrast to  M. argentinensis); procursus weakly curved, with distinctive sclerotized and membranous distal elements ( Figs 400–402), with transversal ridge as in  M. chapeco. LEGS. Without spines and curved hairs, few vertical hairs; retrolateral trichobothrium on tibia 1 at 2.5%; prolateral trichobothrium present on tibia 1; tarsus 1 with ~30 pseudosegments, distally fairly distinct.  Male(variation). Tibia 1 in18 other males: 8.3–11.5 (mean 10.0). Some males with legs light brown, sternum ochre-yellow.  Female.In general similar to male. Tibia 1 in 16 females: 6.6–8.8 (mean 7.3). Epigynum as in Figs 405–406, 434–435; anterior plate with pair of low processes and pocket on protruding posterior margin; posterior plate large but indistinct. Internal genitalia as in Figs 407, 436, with pair of large pore-plates in lateral position.  Natural history.The webs were found among tree roots near the ground, under logs, and in other sheltered spaces. Parts of the webs often were exposed to direct sunlight. When disturbed, the spiders vibrated strongly and ran back into the protective shelter.   Distribution.Known from Turvo National Park in Rio Grande do Sulstate ( Brazil) only ( Fig. 737). 1835975644 ZFMK Br Brazil Other 94 95 5 4 1 Rio Grande do Sul 1835975540 ZFMK Br Brazil Other 94 95 1 1 Rio Grande do Sul