The South American spider genera Mesabolivar and Carapoia (Araneae, Pholcidae): new species and a framework for redrawing generic limits Huber, Bernhard A. Zootaxa 2018 2018-03-19 4395 1 1 178 6RB3Q Huber, 2018 Huber 2018 [151,372,1868,1894] Arachnida Pholcidae Mesabolivar GBIF Animalia Araneae 120 121 Arthropoda species turvo sp. nov.   Diagnosis.Distinguished from known congeners by shape of procursus ( Figs 539–540; slender with pointed tip), by armature of male chelicerae ( Figs 541–542; pair of frontal apophyses not close to median line), and shape of epigynum and internal female genitalia ( Figs 543–544; oval anterior plate without pocket and processes; very large posterior plate; distinctive internal structure connecting pore-plates).   Etymology.The specific name is derived from the typelocality; noun in apposition.    Typematerial. BRAZIL:  Rio Grande do Sul: ♂ holotype, 1♀ paratype, UFMG(21538–39), 2♂ 4♀ paratypes, ZFMK(Ar 19222), Turvo National Park, Lagoas Trail near headquarters ( 27.231°S, 53.849°W), 400 ma.s.l., 29.x.2014(B.A. Huber, L.S. Carvalho).    Othermaterial examined. BRAZIL:  Rio Grande do Sul: 3♀in pure ethanol, ZFMK( Br14-199), same data as types.  1♀, ZFMK( Ar19223), Turvo National Park, near Saltodo Yucumã ( 27.136°S, 53.882°W),  175 ma.s.l.,  28.x.2014( B.A. Huber, L.S. Carvalho).    Paraná: 1♂ 1♀, ZFMK( Ar19224),  Iratí ForestReserve( 25.362°S, 50.584°W),  850 ma.s.l.,  13.x.2014( B.A. Huber, L.S. Carvalho); 2♀ in pure ethanol, ZFMK (Br14-145).   Description. Male( holotype) MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 2.4, carapace width 1.0. Distance PME-PME 110 µm, diameter PME 90 µm, distance PME-ALE 70 µm, distance AME-AME 20 µm, diameter AME 30 µm. Sternum width/length: 0.75/ 0.50. Leg 1: 23.6 (6.0 + 0.4 + 6.1 + 9.5 + 1.6), tibia 2: 3.6, tibia 3: 2.4, tibia 4: 4.1; tibia 1 L/d: 76. Femora 1–4 width (at half length): 0.11, 0.21, 0.17, 0.12. COLOR (in ethanol). Prosoma and legs ochre-yellow, carapace with dark median line, legs without light or dark rings; abdomen greenish-gray, dorsally and laterally densely covered with dark marks, ventrally pale with light brown mark in front of gonopore, without mark in front of spinnerets. BODY. Habitus as in Figs 466–467; ocular area raised; carapace with shallow but distinct median furrow; clypeus unmodified; sternum unmodified. CHELICERAE. With pair of strong frontal apophyses, tips of apophyses apparently with one modified hair each ( Figs 541–542). PALPS. As in Figs 538–539; coxa with large retrolateral apophysis; trochanter barely modified; femur with retrolateral process proximally, distally widening; tibia very short; tarsus with two retrolatero-dorsal processes; procursus very simple, without processes, slender with pointed tip, in dorsal view slightly S-shaped ( Fig. 540); genital bulb with large process mostly whitish. LEGS. Without spines and curved hairs, few vertical hairs; retrolateral trichobothrium on tibia 1 at 4%; prolateral trichobothrium present on tibia 1; tarsus 1 with>20 pseudosegments, distally fairly distinct.  Male(variation). Tibia 1 inthree other males: 5.8, 5.8 (Turvo National Park), 4.8 (Iratí Forest Reserve).  Female.In general similar to male ( Figs 468–469) but femora 2 and 3 not thicker than others. Tibia 1 insix females from Turvo National Park: 3.8–4.4 (mean 4.0); in three females from Iratí Forest Reserve: 3.4, 3.7, 3.7. Epigynum as in Fig. 543; simple oval anterior plate, slightly protruding, internal sclerite visible through cuticle; posterior plate very large, simple, with dark internal mark medially. Internal genitalia as in Fig. 544, with distinctive sclerite connecting pore-plates.  Natural history.The spiders were found in small cavities in the ground, often in the more humid places under dead branches. When disturbed, they ran a short distance and then stopped moving or vibrated very slightly.   Distribution.Known from two localities in Rio Grande do Suland Paranástates ( Brazil) ( Fig. 738). 1835975522 ZFMK Br Brazil Other 122 123 3 3 Rio Grande do Sul 1835975624 2014-10-28 ZFMK B. A. Huber & L. S. Carvalho Brazil 175 -27.136 Turvo National Park 74 -53.882 Ar 122 123 1 1 Salto 1835975607 2014-10-13 ZFMK B. A. Huber & L. S. Carvalho Ar 850 -25.362 Irati Forest 74 -50.584 Irati Forest Reserve 122 123 2 1 1 Parana