Four new species and some new records of Brazilian frog-biting midges (Diptera Corethrellidae) Amaral, André P. Mariano, Rodolfo Pinho, Luiz Carlos Zootaxa 2019 2019-12-06 4706 1 103 120 Amaral & Mariano & Pinho, 2019 Amaral & Mariano & Pinho 2019 [151,393,1089,1116] Insecta Corethrellidae Corethrella Animalia Diptera 7 110 Arthropoda species xokleng sp. nov.  ( Figures 3–5)   Type material.  Holotype, male adult, slide mounted: “HOLÓTIPO  Corethrella xoklengAmaral, Mariano & Pinho ♂, Grão Pará, SC, BR, Rio Três Barras#11, S28º12’44” W49º27’28”,  15.XI.2012, light trap, LCPinho, LSGomes & AL Schlindwein”, ( MZUSP).  Allotype, adult female, slide mounted, as holotype, except: “ALÓTIPO  Corethrella xoklengAmaral, Mariano & Pinho ♀, Rio Braço Esquerdo#17, S28º09’01” W49º21’21”,  16.XI.2012” ( MZUSP).  Paratype: 1 adultfemale, slide mounted, as allotype( UFSC).   Etymology.The specific epithet honors the Xokleng people, the original inhabitants of the typelocation, who have been brutally decimated since the beginning of colonization by those of European extraction in southern Santa Catarina state. The name is to be regarded as a noun in apposition.  Diagnostic characters.This species differs from other extant  Corethrellaby the following combination of characters: Adult male: trochanter and base of hind femur paler than apex of femur, 3rd palpal segment clavate (apically expanded), 4 thick setae on frons, empodia thick, with 10 bifid branches. Adult female: Wings and legs uniformly pigmented, head rounded in dorsal view, 3rd palpal segment clavate (apically expanded), four thick setae on frons, empodia thick, with 10 bifid branches.   Description. Adult male(n=1). ( Tables 1, 2, Figs. 3, 4A–D)  Head( Fig. 3A). Rounded in anterior view. Coronal suture long, reaching ventral margin of eye bridge. Four parallel thick setae on frons. Palpus ( Fig. 4A) medium brown, with 3rd segment somewhat expanded apically, 5 thsegment with about double the length of 4th. Clypeus ( Fig. 4B) square with three setae on dorsal surface. Antenna (as in Fig. 4H) brown with flagellomere 13 apically bifurcated. Sensilla coeloconica distributed according to table 1.  Thorax( Fig. 3B). Light to medium brown, with mesonotum darker, anepimeron with one seta, pale with central portion more darkly pigmented. Posterior anepisternum with incomplete diagonal suture at ventral margin. Anterior anepisternum divided in half by transversal suture. Prescutal suture long, almost reaching dorsocentral row of setae. Group of five setae on posterior portion of dorsocentral row. Katepisternum pale around ventral margin.  Wings(as in Fig. 3B). Plain brown, with setae instead of scales on non-marginal veins. Vein R 1somewhat bolder. Apex of R 2basal to the one of M 1. Halter slightly lighter or same color than scutellum.  Legs( Fig. 3B). Uniformly medium brown, except midleg trochanter, lighter than femur and trochanter, base of hind femur lighter than apex of femur. Legs without scales. Tarsal claws equal, inserted apically. Empodia (as in Fig. 4C) thicker than apical setae of last tarsomeres, longer than average diameter of last tarsomeres, with 9–10 bifid branches.   FIGURE 3.  Corethrella xokleng  sp. n., adult male. A, head in anterior view. B, thorax in lateral view. C, tergites 7–9 and genitalia.  Abdomen. Uniformly medium to dark brown.  Genitalia( Figs. 3C, 4C, D). Gonocoxite ( Fig. 3C) medium to dark brown, elongate, slender; dorsal row with five setae, the first slightly thinner than the rest. 5th seta medially dislocated; one dorsomedial thicker seta, tapering from midlength. Gonostylus with constant width subtly bent subapically, with apical seta very short and thick. subbasal seta located posteroventrally at 0.2 of gonostylus, length about 0.3 of gonostylus. Aedeagus ( Fig. 4C) long, strongly tapering from base; margins fused near apex.  Adult female: (n=2) ( Tables 1, 2, Figs. 4E–H, 5) as for male, except:  Head( Fig. 5A). Coronal suture short, ending close to dorsal margin of eye bridge. Palpus ( Fig. 4F) with 3rd segment clavate. Clypeus ( Fig. 4G) with 6–8 setae on dorsal surface. Sensilla coeloconica distributed according to table 1.  Abdomen( Fig. 5D). Medium to dark brown. Cercus equally pigmented.  Immatures.Unknown.   Distribution and biology.This species is known from three individuals (two females and one male) collected in light traps from typelocality, Serra Furada State Park, in Grão Pará, SC, at elevations of 355–  354 m.Serra Furada is a region of Atlantic Forest, interspersed with large areas of Eucalyptuscultivation, near the transition to  AraucariaForestat higher altitudes. The rivers where traps were set are gravel-bed streams, 4–6mwide and about 1mdeep.  Taxonomic discussion.This species shares the synapomorphies which define the rotundagroup (as designated by Borkent, 2008): wings without a pattern of pigmentation and posterior anepisternum with contiguous ventral and dorsal portions. Male flagellomere 8 shorter than both 7 and 9, wing with apex of R 2basal to apex of M 1and the presence of setae instead of scales on wing veins place  Corethrella xokleng sp. n.among the clade formed by C. kerrvilensis(Stone), C. remiantenalisBorkent,  C. blandafemurBorkent,  C. brevivenaBorkent, and  C. globosaBorkent.  Corethrella xokleng sp. n.does not share the synapomorphies that group C. remiantenaliswith  C. blandafemuror  C. brevivenawith  C. globosa, respectively, suggesting it may be the sister to a clade comprised of all four of these species. Females and males of  C. xokleng sp. n.were associated by their shared pigmentation patterns on wings and legs, the collecting location, the pattern of empodia and by the 4 setae on the frons, the latter being a unique character among rotundagroup. 2464727702 2012-11-15 SC, BR, LC, LS, MZUSP -28.212223 Rio Tres Barras 20 -49.45778 Grao 7 110 1 1 Para holotype 2464727701 2012-11-16 MZUSP -28.150278 Rio Braco Esquerdo 20 -49.35583 7 110 1 1 Para allotype 2464730701 [151,830,1338,1364] UFSC 7 110 1 1 Para paratype