Review of specimens corresponding to three species of Thyene (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippini) in the Peckham Collection Hill, David E. Mariante, Rafael M. Peckhamia 2019 2019-06-13 185 1 1 12 5LJCD Peckham & Peckham 1903 Peckham & Peckham 1903 [517,1146,779,810] Arachnida Salticidae Thyene Animalia Araneae 1 2 Arthropoda species crudelis    Althoughthe Peckhams (1903)only listed two malesfrom Durban, South Africa, there are three malesin the Peckhamcollection ( MCZ: IZ:20956; Table 2) associated with this locality (Figures 2-4). The Peckhams described yellowish-white, iridescent scales in a band across the front of the eye region, in bands around the eye region, and comprising a middorsal band on the opisthosoma where it was edged with red. Behind this were several pairs of white spots.  Therewas a single stouttooth on the posterior margin of each fang groove and the endites were extended to a point anterolaterally ( Figure 3). The Peckhamsdrew a pedipalp with many coils of the apophysis and a very small retrolateral tibial apophysis ( RTA); the RTAis even smaller in their specimens and if present is partly concealed behind the coiled apophysis (Figure 4).   Figure 3.Ventral view of endites and chelicerae of three male specimens labeled  Thyene crudelisfrom the Peckham Collection (1, 2, 3-5; MCZ:IZ:20956), with the Peckhams' published drawings of the underside of tibia I (6) and the labium, endites and chelicerae (7). 4,In male #3 the large tooth on the posterior margin of the fang groove was rounded in outline, but as in other specimens the tooth on the anterior margin was bicuspid (two-pointed) as drawn by the Peckhams. Based on this review, it is reasonable to associate  Thyene crudeliswith subsequent illustrations of the male  T. coccineovittata( Berland & Millot 1941; Wesołowska & Haddad 2009; Oger & Van Keer 2017). But did Berland & Millot correctly synonymize  T. crudeliswith the latter species in 1941? If not, then the much earlier name of  T. crudelis Peckham & Peckham (1903)has priority. Simon (1886)described the male  Hyllus coccineovittatus, from Dakar, Senegal, but did not designate any typespecimens. Berland & Millot wrote that they subsequently examined some of Simon's specimens, in poor condition, but we have not yet been able to locate these and suspect that they no longer exist. However a number of features in Simon's Neolatin (text only) description of  H. coccineovittatuslead us to concur with Berland & Millot in their synonymy of  T. crudelis. These include the presence and distribution of yellowish scales, the stout posterior tooth of the fang groove, and the long spiral embolus, distinct lateral cymbial tuft, and very small ( minutissima dentiformi) RTA of the pedipalp.  Figure 4.Pedipalps associated with three malespecimens labeled  Thyene crudelisfrom the Peckham Collection (1-3 & 5-6, 8- 10, 11, 12; MCZ:IZ:20956), with the Peckhams' published drawings of a left pedipalp (4) and tibia with small apophysis (7). Two of these pedipalps (1-3 & 5-6, 8-10) were loose in the specimen vial and almost all appendages of the three specimenswere detached. However both pedipalps (11-12) were still attached to male #3 (see Figure 2:5-7). In each specimen the RTA, if visible, was very small and hidden behind the coils of the embolus (3, arrow, corresponding to 4). The identify of the female  Thyene coccineovittatais far less certain. The description of salticid species has often been troubled by the erroneous association (or lack thereof) of dimorphic males and females, and there is no consensus on how this should be decided in the absence of solid evidence from the field ( Edwards 2014). As noted above, the female described by Berland & Millot (1941)looks like the  Thyenecf. pulchrathat we previously reported from Brazil( Mariante & Hill 2018) in dorsal view, but their drawing of the epigynum does not agree with that species. Their dorsal view of the female is, however, compatiblewith Simon's brief description of the female  H. coccineovittatus. Berland & Millot also synonymized the female (but not the male)  T. ogdeniwith  T. coccineovittata. In the next section we will discuss why we think that the latter synonymy is not valid. MCZ, IZ South Africa Peckham Although Durban 2 3 2 2 RTA South Africa There The Peckhams 2 3 1