Hemibrycon metae Myers, 1930: 68-69 Hemibrycon dentatus metae Schultz, 1944: 362-363 A review of the Cis-Andean species of Hemibrycon Günther (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae: Stevardiinae), with description of two new species Bertaco, Vinicius A. Malabarba, Luiz R. Neotropical Ichthyology 2010 2010-12-31 8 4 737 737 3KLZN Myers, 1930 Myers 1930 [272,628,1068,1092] Actinopterygii Characidae Hemibrycon Animalia Characiformes 15 Chordata species metae    Figs. 14-15      Hemibrycon metae  Myers, 1930: 68-69(original description; diagnosis; typelocality: Guaiacaramo, río Guavio, Colombia).    Hemibrycon dentatus metae. -  Schultz, 1944: 362-363(table 27; in key; new subspecies; non-type material examined).   Diagnosis.  Hemibrycon metaeis distinguished from most of its congeners by the number of branched anal-fin rays (25-31 vs. 15-24, Fig. 2). From the species sharing similar branched anal-fin rays counts, it differs from  H. boquiaeby the number of caudal peduncle scales (16 vs. 14), and by the number of cusps of second tooth of premaxillary inner row teeth (7 vs. 5); from  H. brevispiniby the number of cusps of three anteriormost dentary teeth (5 vs. 3), and by absence of bony hooks in the caudal-fin rays ( vs. presence); from  H. cairoenseby the number of lateral line scales (40-43 vs. 43-46), and by the number of cups of first dentary teeth (5 vs. 3); from  H. dariensisby the absence of pigment in the distal tip of rays just above and below to middle caudal-fin rays; from  H. dentatus, and  H. huambonicusby the number of lateral line scales (40-43 vs. 44-50); from  H. divisorensisand  H. surinamensisby the absence of a wide black asymmetrical spot covering base of caudal-fin rays; from  H. inambariby the of gill rakers (19-21 vs. 16-18) and by the number of scales along anal-fin base scale sheath (10-19 vs. 6-10); from  H. jaboneroby the number of caudal peduncle scales (16 vs. 14), and the number of scale rows below lateral line (5-7 vs. 4- 5); from  H. jelskiiby the size of humeral spot (5-6 vs. 7-9 horizontal series of scales); from  H. polyodonby the number of cusps of second tooth of premaxillary inner row teeth (7 vs. 5), caudal peduncle length (11.1-14.8 vs. 14.4-16.6% SL), and head length (22.1-25.0 vs. 20.9-22.9% SL); from  H. quindosby the number of cusps of premaxillary inner row teeth (5-7 vs. 3- 4); from  H. raqueliaeby the number of predorsal scales (14- 16 vs. 10-13) and by the number of cusps of first maxillary tooth (3 vs. 5); and from  H. taeniurusby the number of cusps of second tooth of premaxillary inner row teeth (7 vs. 5), and by the humeral spot size (5-6 vs. 4-5 horizontal series of scales).   Description.Morphometric data for  H. metaesummarized in Table 4. Largest male 79.7 mmSL, largest female 93.1 mmSL. Body compressed and moderately elongate; greatest body depth anterior to dorsal-fin origin. Dorsal profile of head slightly convex. Dorsal body profile convex from occipital bony to base of last dorsal-fin ray; straight from this point to adipose-fin origin. Ventral profile of head slightly convex. Ventral body profile convex from pectoral-fin origin to pelvicfin origin, and straight to slightly convex to anal-fin origin. Body profile along anal-fin base posterodorsally slanted. Caudal peduncle elongate, nearly straight to slightly concave along dorsal and ventral margins. Snout rounded from margin of upper lip to vertical through anterior nostrils. Head small. Mouth terminal, mouth slit nearly at horizontal through middle of eye. Maxilla long and slightly curved, aligned at angle of approximately 45º to longitudinal body axis, and its posterior tip extending below orbit, reaching nearly to vertical through center of eye. Premaxilla with two tooth rows; outer row with 4-5, tri- to pentacuspid teeth with central cusp slightly longer; inner row with 4 penta- to heptacuspids teeth, gradually decreasing in length from first to third teeth and last smaller; central cusp twice or three times longer and broader than other cusps. Maxilla toothed with 6-11 uni- to pentacuspid teeth, with central cusp longer. Three anteriormost dentary teeth larger, with 5 cusps, followed by medium sized tooth with 3-5 cusps, and 8-10 teeth with 1-3 cusps or conical; central cusp in all teeth two to three times longer and broader than other cusps. Cusp tips slightly curved posteriorly and lingually ( Fig. 15). Dorsal-fin rays ii,8 (n = 104); first unbranched ray approximately one-half length of second ray. Dorsal-fin origin located posterior to middle of SL and posterior to vertical through pelvic-fin origin. Profile of distal margin of dorsal fin nearly straight to slightly concave. Males with bony hooks in distal one-third of first branched rays. Adipose-fin located at vertical through insertion of last anal-fin rays. Anal-fin rays ii-vi,25-30 (one with 24 and two with 31, mode = 28, n = 104, Fig. 2). Analfin profile slightly concave in males and females.Anal-fin origin approximately at vertical through insertion in the last dorsal fin rays. Anal-fin rays of males bearing one pair of small bony hooks along posterolateral border of each segment of lepidotrichia, along last unbranched ray and eighth to twelfth branched rays. Hooks usually located along posteriormost branch and distal 1/ 2 to 2/ 3 of each ray. Pectoral-fin rays i,10-13 (mode = 11, n = 104). Pectoral-fin tip surpassing pelvic-fin origin  V. A. Bertaco & L. R. Malabarba753   Fig. 14.  Hemibrycon metae, INHS61270, female, 61.4 mm SL, río Apure basin, Venezuela. in males and nearly reaching in females. Males with bony hooks on distal portion of unbranched and all branched rays. Pelvicfin rays i,6,i (three with i,7,i and two with i,6, n = 104). Pelvic-fin origin located 4-5 predorsal scales anterior to vertical through dorsal-fin origin. Pelvic fin of males usually bearing 1 small bony hook per segment of lepidotrichia along ventromedial border of second to eighth branched rays. Caudal fin forked with 19 principal rays without bony hooks (n = 104); lobes similar in size. Caudal-fin base have a few scales. Dorsal procurrent rays 11-12 and ventral procurrent rays 10-11 (n = 5). Scales cycloid, moderately large. Lateral line complete with 40-43 (mode = 42, n = 89, Fig. 3). Scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line 7-8 (mode = 8, n = 103); scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin 5-6 (rarely 7, mode = 6, n = 103). Predorsal scales 14-16, arranged in regular series (mode =15,n = 94). Scales rows around caudal peduncle 16 (n = 96).Axillary scale on pelvic-fin origin extends posteriorly covering 2-4 scales. Scale sheath along anal-fin base with 10-19 scales in single series, extending to base of most anterior branched rays. Precaudal vertebrae 17-18; caudal vertebrae 22-24; total vertebrae 39-41 (n = 6). Supraneurals 6-8 (n = 6). Gill rakers on upper limb of outer gill arch 7-8, and on lower limb 12-13 (n = 19).  Color in alcohol. Holotypediscolored. General ground body color brown yellowish. Color based on the non-type specimens. General ground body color yellowish. Dorsal portion of head and body with concentration of black chromatophores. Dorsolateral portion of head and body with scattered black chromatophores. One large and vertical black humeral spot, located over third to fifth lateral line scales and extending over 5-6 horizontal series of scales, including lateral line. Midlateral dark stripe extending from humeral region to middle caudal-fin rays, broad in the caudal peduncle. Abdominal region almost devoid of black chromatophores. Dorsal and caudal fin with dark pigmentation diffuse and anal fin with small black chromatophores along its border forming narrow stripe.Pectoral, pelvic and adipose fins hyaline ( Fig. 14).  Sexual dimorphism.Males of  Hemibrycon metaeare easily recognized by the presence of bony hooks on the dorsal-, pectoral-, anal- and pelvic-fin rays. Males and females also slightly differ in pectoral- and pelvic-fin lengths, and body depth ( Table 4). Mature males with gill gland on first gill arch, covering the first branchial filaments ( Fig. 7).   Distribution.  Hemibrycon metaeis known from río Orinoco basin, Venezuelaand Colombia, and Caribbean coastal basins of Venezuela( Fig. 4).   Remarks.  Hemibrycon metaewas proposed by Myers (1930)from río Guavio, río Metadrainage, Guaiacaramo, Colombiabased only in the holotype.We have compared the populations from río Metaand río Apure, two large rivers from río Orinoco basin, and did not find differences in meristic and morphometric characters.   Fig. 15.  Hemibrycon metae, MCNG17030, female, 39.8 mm SL. Scanning electron micrograph of right side upper and lower jaws. Scale bar = 1 mm. 754 A review of the Cis-Andean species of  Hemibrycon In this study some  Hemibryconpopulations were identified from small coastal river basins in the Golfo de Paria, Venezuela. All these specimens do not exceed 51.3 mmSL, being smaller than río Orinoco specimens, and difficult to compare regarding body measurements. In relation to scales and maxillary tooth number, this population is more similar to  H. metaethan  H. taeniurusfrom Trinidad Island. Samples of large specimens from coastal basins of Venezuelaare necessary to confirm whether those populations are indeed conspecific. However, we tentatively assign the examined specimens from that area to  H. metae.   Material examined.   Holotype. CAS 123727(ex-SU 23727), female (x-ray), 77.2 mmSL, at junction of río Guavioand río Upía, río Metadrainage, río Orinocobasin, Guaiacaramo, Colombia, ca. 04º43’N 73º02’W,  Jan 1928, H. A. Maria. Nontypespecimens. Colombia. Meta, río Meta drainage: IAvH-P 2973, 7, 53.1-76.0 mm SL, quebrada Palmicha, afluente del río Unete, Casanare, ca. 05º10’N 72º30’W,  1 Aug 1984. IAvH-P 3122, 10, 47.6-93.0 mm SL, quebrada Chichacaafluente del río Cachiza, Aguazul, Casanare, ca. 05º15’N 72º29’W,  1 Mar 1994. IAvH-P 3322, 10, 51.3-70.0 mm SL, quebrada Guamalera, Yopal, Casanare, ca. 05º21’N 72º23’W,  1 Aug 1993. IAvH-P 3628, 25, 45.0- 70.6 mmSL, río Unete, Casanare, ca. 05º10’N 72º30’W,  1 Aug 1993. IAvH-P 3632, 65, 45.0- 86.8 mmSL, ríos Tocaria, Charteand Cravo Surdrainages, ca. 05º20’N 72º20’W,  18 Aug 1995. NRM23991, 1, 48.8 mmSL, caño Candelaria tributary to río Negro, ca.  20 kmSW of Villavicencio, ca. 04º5’N 73º42’W,  10 Jan 1988. NRM23993, 1, 67.3 mmSL, caño Union tributary to río Ocoa, where crossed by road Villavicencio-Acacias, ca. 04º00’N 73º43’W,  6 Jan 1988.  Venezuela. Río Orinocobasin, río Apuredrainage: INHS 27766, 30of 51, 29.4-45.8 mmSL, caño Curito at Ruta 5, Barinas, 07º58’41”N 71º00’05”W,  7 Jan 1992. INHS 31851, 12, 27.0- 44.5 mmSL, río La Yuca 17 kmN Barinas, Barinas, 08º46’00”N 70º15’00”W,  31 Dec 1993. INHS 61270, 22of 28, 30.7-61.4 mmSL, río Santa Barbara  3 kmNE Santa Barbara, Barinas, 07º50’14”N 71º11’14”W,  7 Jan 1992. MCNG 98, 10of 27, 34.4-43.9 mmSL, 1 kmal S carretera 5, via Cd Bolivia, Barinas, 08º20’8”N 70º31’04”W,  13 Jun 1979. MCNG 5646, 17of 54, 29.5-47.0 mm SL, río Tucupidoen Las Canoas, Portuguesa, 09º03’00”N 70º05’30”W,  18 Mar 1982. MCNG 6759, 23of 73 (3 c&s), 25.5-49.5 mmSL, río Tinaco, carretera entre Tinaco y Tinaquillo, entre San Carlos e Valencia, Cojedes, Tinaco, 09º48’10”N 68º23’50”W,  3 Feb 1982. MCNG 7923, 12of 64 (2 c&s), 44.5-71.6 mmSL, caño Grande en Finca Cano Grande, Barinas, Pedraza, 08º24’10”N 70º39’25”W,  7 Dec 1982. USNM 121466, 18, 35.6-50.5 mmSL, río Guáricoand tributaries between San Sebastian and San Casemiro, Aragua, ca. 09º57’N 67º11’W,  12 May 1942. USNM 121467, 12of 117, 42.7-72.8 mmSL, río Torbes,  1 kmabove Táriba, Tachira, ca. 07º40’N 72º15’W,  31 Mar 1942.  Golfo de Pariacoastal basin: USNM 228563, 16of 21, 38.3-52.4 mmSL, Sucre, Clavellino reservoir Sucre,  29 Sep 1979. MCNG 17030, 20of 58 (3 c&s), 27.3- 49.2 mmSL, Sucre, Benitez, El Pilar, río Pilar, ca. 10º32’N 63º08’W,  28 Aug 1984. MCNG 17035, 20of 76 (3 c&s), 30.0- 46.9 mmSL, Sucre, Libertador, caño  20 kmE de El Pilar, ca. 10º35’N 63º04’W,  28 Aug 1984. MCNG 16796, 10of 19, 30.3-50.2 mmSL, Sucre, Benitez, caño  3 kmS de El Pilar, ca. 10º30’N 63º07’W,  29 Aug 1984. CAS70096, 58, 35.0- 64.9 mmSL, Miranda, río Tiquiritoat Concejo, a tributary of the Tuy River,  1 Aug 1918. FMNH 105860, 52, 21.4- 46.7 mmSL, Venezuela, Monagas, río Azumaat edge of municipio Puncereson road to Caripito,  8 Aug 1985. MNHN 1920.0002, 1, 67.4 mmSL. [334,543,1160,1183] Colombia Guaiacaramo rio Guavio 15 1 NRM 23991, NRM 23993, CAS 70096 1918-08-01 1995-08-18 1918-08-01 NRM, CAS Guaiacaramo & Colombia & H. A. Maria. Nontype & Palmicha & Chichaca & Aguazul & Guamalera & Yopal & Tocaria & Charte & Cravo Sur & de Paria Colombia rio Guavio 10.5 rio Meta 1298 -63.116665 rio Upia 17 CAS 123727, IAvH-P 3122, 10, 47.6, IAvH-P 3322, 51.3, IAvH-P 3628, 25, IAvH-P 3632, 65, 1, INHS 27766, 30, INHS 31851, 12, INHS 61270, 22, MCNG 98, MCNG 5646, 17, MCNG 6759, 23, MCNG 7923, USNM 121466, 18, USNM 121467, USNM 228563, 16, MCNG 17030, 20, MCNG 17035, MCNG 16796, 58, FMNH 105860, 52, MNHN 1920.0002 1 Apure holotype