Baccharis scopulorum, a new species of section Caulopterae (Asteraceae: Astereae) from rocky cliffs of southern Brazil Schneider, Angelo Alberto Heiden, Gustavo Boldrini, Ilsi Iob Phytotaxa 2011 2011-01-28 15 9 14 K7NV A.A.Schneid. & G.Heiden A. A. Schneid. & G. Heiden 2011 [151,807,412,441] Magnoliopsida Asteraceae Baccharis Plantae Asterales 1 10 Tracheophyta species scopulorum sp. nov.   Type:—  BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: Grão-Pará/ Urubici, Serra do Corvo Branco, rodovia SC 439, 28°03’36.5”S, 49°21’48,1”W,  1334 m, ♂, fl,  19 October 2006, Schneider 1333( holotype ICN).  Subshrub, 25–40 cmtall; shoots erect or erect–patent, terminating in solitary or paired capitula born at the tip of the branches; stems3-winged, wings 4–7 x 0.7–1.4 cm, laminate or slightly undulate, coriaceous, slightly resinous, light green, indumentum tufted. Basal leaves1.5–4 x 1–3.4 cm, obovate to orbicular or spathulate, sessile to sub-sessile, subcoriaceous, 3(–5)-veined, the base attenuate, the margins entire, slightly revolute, the apex obtuse to rounded, mucronulate; stem leavesdeveloped or bract-like. Capitulasessile, solitary or paired, born mostly at the tips of the branches. Staminate capitula 5.6–7 mm; florets 60–135; involucre 4–4.5 x 6–8 mm, campanulate; phyllaries in 4 or 5 series, the outermost phyllaries ovate, the median phyllaries oblong, the innermost phyllaries lanceolate, resinous and brightly coloured, the apex acute; corolla 2.7–4 mm, tube 2.2–3.2 mm, lobes 0.5–0.8 mm; style 4.0– 5.3 mm, the apex nearly fully cleft into two lanceolate branches, these slightly dilated towards their apex, ovary abortive, glabrous; pappus uniseriate, 4– 4.5 mm, bristles 16–18, apically broadened and scarcely barbellate. Pistillate capitula 7–8 mm; florets 130– 140; involucre 4.5–5 x 5–7 mm, campanulate to urceolate; phyllaries in 4 or 5 series, outermost phyllaries ovate, the median phyllaries oblong, innermost phyllaries lanceolate, resinous and brightly coloured, the apex acute; corolla 2–4 x 0.05–0.15 mm, filiform, ligulate with a dentate ligule, glabrous; style 3–4 mm; cypselae1.3–2 x 0.3–0.4 mm, nearly cylindrical, 10–14–ribbed, pappilose, pappusuniseriate, 2.2–3 mm, bristles 16– 19, stramineous, persistent, basally fused.   Distribution:—Known only from elevations above 1400 mat Serra do Corvo Branco, part of the eastern edge of the Serra Geral plateau, which is the boundary between the municipalities of Grão-Pará and Urubici, at the state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil( Figure 2).  Phenology:—Flowering and fruiting specimens have been collected during October and November.  Habitat:—To date  Baccharis scopulorumis known from a single site growing directly attached to bare rock at the ledges of outcrops and cliffs on steep slopes subject to constant fog and high humidity. These outcrops occur in the transitional zone of cloud forests and dense forests of the Atlantic Rainforest.  Conservation status:—The new species, according to IUCN Red list category ( IUCN 2010), is considered Endangered (EN subcriteria D1—very small or restricted population) as it grows in a highly specialized habitat and is known from a single population, found in an area difficult to access due the steep and slippery slopes. We can estimate the existence of about 150 individuals in the most accessible places.   Etymology:—The epithet means 'of the cliffs' referring to the habitat of the species on the cliffs of the Serra do Corvo Branco, part of the Serra Geral range.   Additional specimens examined( paratypes):— BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: Grão-Pará/ Urubici, Serra do Corvo Branco, SC 439, 28°03’36.5”S, 49°21’48,1”W,  1334 m,  13 November 1995, ♂,  M. R .   Ritter892( ICN);  19 October 2006, ♀,  A. A .   Schneider1326, 1347( ICN); ♂,  A. A .   Schneider1331, 1332( ICN);  28 October 2008, ♀,  J. R. V .   Iganci505( SPF); ♂,  J. R. V .   Iganci506( HECT, SPF);  3 April 2010, sterilis, G.  Heiden, J. R. V.  Iganci& T.   Särkinen1336( SPF).   FIGURE 1.  Baccharis scopulorum. A.Habit ( Schneider 1333, ICN). B.Representative leaves ( Schneider 1331, 1332, ICN). C.Staminate capitulum ( Schneider 1333, ICN). D.Pistillate capitulum ( Schneider 1326, ICN). E.Phyllaries of pistillate capitulum ( Schneider 1326, ICN). F.Staminate floret (pappus removed) ( Schneider 1333, ICN). G.Corolla and style of pistillate floret ( Schneider 1326, ICN). H.Cypsela with pappus ( Schneider 1326, ICN).   FIGURE 2.Distribution of  Baccharis scopulorumin southern Brazil. Current taxonomic studies on Brazilian  Baccharissect. Caulopteraerecovered a species previously identified as a new record of  B. opuntioidesMart. ex Bakerfor southern Brazil( Schneider & Boldrini 2008). In the current work, this species is identified as an undescribed species on the basis of its distinctive morphology, geographical distribution and habitat preferences.   Baccharis scopulorumbelongs to  Baccharissect. Caulopteraeon the basis of its 3-winged stems, epaleaceous clinathia which are densely covered with bisseriate glandular hairs and the bristles of the female pappus which are basally fused into a ring. This species is morphologically most similar to  B. altimontana Heiden, Baumgratz & Esteves (2009a: 140)and  B. opuntioides. We believe  Baccharis scopulorumto be most closely related to  B. altimontanabased on its 3-winged stems, urceolate to campanulate involucra of the female capitula and the uniseriate pappus of the female florets; and to  B. opuntioidesbased on its 3-winged stems, erect branches, and the uniseriate pappus of the female florets.  Baccharis scopulorummay be distinguished from  B. altimontanaand  B. opuntioidesbased on the characters listed in Table 1. SC Brazil Grao-Para 1334 -28.060139 Serra do Corvo Branco 1 -49.36336 Urubici 1 10 SC 439 1 1 Santa Catarina [475,1092,676,702] 2006-10-19 ICN Brazil 1 10 1 Santa Catarina holotype 1995-11-13 M, R Brazil Grao-Para 1334 -28.060139 Serra do Corvo Branco 1 -49.36336 Urubici 1 10 SC 439 1 1 Santa Catarina paratype 2006-10-19 ICN, A Brazil Ritter 1 10 1 1 Santa Catarina [476,929,1913,1939] ICN, A Brazil Schneider 1 10 1 1 Santa Catarina 2008-10-28 ICN, J, R, V Brazil Schneider 1 10 1 1 Santa Catarina [336,672,1951,1978] SPF, J, R, V Brazil Iganci 1 10 1 1 Santa Catarina [683,1144,1952,1978] 2010-04-03 HECT, SPF Brazil Iganci 1 10 1 Santa Catarina J, R, V Brazil Heiden 1 10 1 Santa Catarina [180,310,1991,2016] T Brazil Iganci 1 10 1 Santa Catarina [321,570,1990,2016] SPF Brazil Sarkinen 1 10 1 Santa Catarina