Madagascar, the real Treasure Island! Malagasy uncharted diversity of a rare ancient lineage of armored harvestmen (Opiliones, Laniatores, Buemarinoidae) Abel, Willians Porto Pérez-González, Abel Zoosystema 2025 2025-05-14 47 14 203 229 Abel & Pérez-González 2025 [299,542,1841,1868] Arachnida Buemarinoidae Flavonuncia Animalia Opiliones 19 220 Arthropoda species zanahary sp. nov.  ( Figs 19-22; 23E, J, O)  urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 270BE54C-2AD0-41A6-904F-3B507777B0CB    TYPE MATERIAL. —  Holotype. Madagascar• ♂; Toamasina, Reserve Speciale Ambatovaky Sandrangato, Elev.  560 m 16°49’03”S, 49°17’42”E; coll. B. L. Fisher et al.;  25-27.II.2010; sifted litter, rainforest, collection code: BLF24750; CASTYPE 21652.   Paratypes. Madagascar•  42 ♂, 55 ♀; same data; CASENT 9072152•  ♂; SEM voucher, same data; MACN-Ar 46005•  15 ♂, 15♀; same data; MACN-Ar 46006.   ETYMOLOGY. — The species epithet,  zanahary, referred to a creator deity of the traditional mythology in Madagascar. Noun in apposition.   COMPARATIVE DIAGNOSIS. — Differs from all  Flavonunciaspeciesby the grainy dorsal scutum, the femur of pedipalp that is almost squared shape. Ventral distal part of the capsula internawithout process, bearing a Y-shape groove.   DISTRIBUTION( Fig. 1). — Known only from the typelocality.   DESCRIPTION  Male (CASTYPE 21652)  Measurements.See Table 1.  Dorsum ( Figs 19A, C; 20A, B).Outline hourglass-shaped of Eta (η) type. Ocularium conical, eyes located on the top of the ocularium. Mesotergal scutum without tubercles or apophyses, carapace smaller than mesotergum, mesotergal areas smoothly defined, areas I-IV with two, three, four, and six small setiferous granules respectively, the posterior border with a row of c.12 granules. Free tergites bearing a row of granules each tergite.   FIG. 17. —  Flavonuncia vazimba n. sp., SEM images of male paratype (MACN-Ar 46003): A, B, chelicera, ectal ( A), mesal ( B); C, D, pedipalp, ectal ( C), mesal ( D); E -H, legs I ( E), II ( F), III ( G), VI ( H). Scale bars: A, B, 100 µm; C-H, 200 µm.   FIG. 18. —  Flavonuncia vazimba n. sp., SEM images of male paratype (MACN-Ar 46003) penis: A, B, ventral view; C, apical view; D, E, lateral view, F, G, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CI, capsula interna; VP, ventral plate. Scale bars: A, D, F, 200 µm; B, C, E, G, 50 µm.  Venter ( Figs 19E; 20C, D).Coxae ventral surface covered by setae; coxa I bearing 4-6 granules, almost all ventral surface covered by cerotegument, except by the proximal coxae II-III; proximal coxa II with two tubercles bearing three basal setae, coxa III with two tubercles the first one with 1-2 basal setae, small bridge present, spiracles not visible.  Chelicerae ( Fig. 21A, B).Basicheliceritae smooth, cheliceral hand bearing seven ectal tubercles with subdistal setae, two small mesal tubercles, and five mesal setae.  Pedipalps ( Fig. 21C, D).Trochanter with one dorsal and two ventral small tubercles, femur bearing a ventral row of small tubercles and two dorsal distal acute tubercles, mesal view with three tubercles, patella with one ventral ectal and three mesal tubercles, tibia ventral surface bearing sparse small tubercles, with three ectal and mesal acute tubercles with subdistal setae, tarsus bearing four ectal and five mesal tubercles with setae.   FIG. 19. —  Flavonuncia zanahary n. sp.habitus (CASENT 9072152): A, C, E, male; B, D, F, female. Scale bars: 500 µm.  Legs ( Fig. 21E, H).Astragalus longer than calcaneus. Tarsal count: 3-6-4-4.  Genitalia ( Figs 22; 23E, J, O).Apical portion of ventral plate rounded triangular-shaped, with the upper and lower macrosetae aligned in dorsal view. In ventral view, two grouped upper macrosetae and one isolated lower macroseta. Distal capsula internawith a complex structure ending in a thin free stylus. Ventral distal part of capsula internawithout process, bearing a Y-shape groove.   FIG. 20. —  Flavonuncia zanahary n. sp., SEM images of male paratype (MACN-Ar 46005) habitus: A, dorsal; B, lateral; C, D, ventral ( C, D). Scale bars: 200 µm.  Female (CASENT 9072152) ( Fig. 19B, D, F) Similar to male, presenting dimorphism in body coloration, females with a dark brown opisthosoma. Males yellowish with brown stripes. Pedipalps larger in males. 5160623322 2010-02-25 2010-02-27 2010-02-25 BLF, CASTYPE B. L. Fisher Madagascar 560 -16.817501 Reserve Speciale Ambatovaky Sandrangato 21 49.295 Elev. 19 220 BLF24750, CASTYPE 21652 1 1 Toamasina holotype 5160623301 [1051,1455,1272,1296] 2010-02-25 2010-02-27 2010-02-25 CASENT B. L. Fisher Madagascar 560 -16.817501 Reserve Speciale Ambatovaky Sandrangato 21 49.295 Elev. 19 220 CASENT 9072152 97 55 42 Toamasina paratype 5160623306 [827,1275,1298,1322] 2010-02-25 2010-02-27 2010-02-25 CASENT B. L. Fisher Madagascar 560 -16.817501 Reserve Speciale Ambatovaky Sandrangato 21 49.295 Elev. 19 220 MACN-Ar 46005 1 1 Toamasina paratype 5160623317 2010-02-25 2010-02-27 2010-02-25 CASENT B. L. Fisher Madagascar 560 -16.817501 Reserve Speciale Ambatovaky Sandrangato 21 49.295 Elev. 19 220 MACN-Ar 46006 30 15 15 Toamasina paratype