Taxonomic review of Chamaecrista sect. Absus subsect. Absus ser. Paniculatae (Benth.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae)
Mendes, Thainara Policarpo
Souza, Alessandro Oliveira De
Silva, Marcos José Da
Phytotaxa
2021
2021-04-08
495
1
1
64
9. Chamaecrista rigidifolia( Bentham 1870: 142) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 655). ≡ Cassia rigidifolia Bentham (1870: 142). Type:— BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Chapada Dos Guimarães, NE, of Cuiabá, V.1827, Riedel 482/960( lectotype: LE! [00002375], designated here; isolectotypes: K! [K000555592], photo IPA! [IPA1048], NY! [NY 1497]; LE! [LE00002376, LE00002377], US[00001682]). Figs. 28 and 29 Cassia poiretioides Hoehne (1922: 186). Type:— BRAZIL. MATO GROSSO: entre Vilhenae Amarante, Rondônia, Mato Grosso, V.1918. fl., Kulhman 2031= Comiss. Linh. Telegre 2031( lectotype: SP! [000893], designated here; isolectotype: R! [000027430] e RB! [00538465]). Shrubs 0.80–4 mtall, erect or pendent, cespitose, branched or not. Stemand brancheswaxy and glabrous, stem and adult branches brown, stem and young branches pinkish. Stipules 1.5–1.6 mmlong, lanceolate, persistent. Leaves 4.4–7.2 cmlong, regularly distributed throughout the branches, ascending; pulvinus 3–7 mmlong, conspicuously dilated, not striated; petiole 2.9–5.3 cmlong, thin, cylindrical and sulcate above; rachis 4–5.8 cmlong, cylindrical and sulcate above; interfoliolar segments 1.7–2.2 cmlong; pulvinule 1–3.5 mmlong, visibly dilated; leaflets2–5 pairs, coriaceous; blades2.8–5.8 × 1.9–5.6 cm, ovate, oval-elliptic or elliptic, margin entire, plane, glabrous, surface abaxial and adaxial glabrous, base asymmetrically cordate or asymmetrically rounded, apex obtuse, sometimes emarginated, with mucron or not, dark green, opaque. venationbrochidodromous, secondary veins 8–11 pairs, green. Panicles 18–32 cmlong, with 3–10 secondary axis, geminate, terminal or axillary, with flowers laxly distributed, slightly pendent, glabrous, exserted from the foliage. Bracts1–1.2 × 0.2–0.9 mm, triangular, margin entire, yellowish, pubescent, persistent. Bracteoles1–2.2 × 0.2–0.4 cm, oblong-lanceolate, apex acute, margin entire and ciliate, light green, caduceus. Buds 1–1.2 cmlong, ovoid or orbicular, green-yellowish, glabrous, apex obtuse. Flowers 3.7–5.1 cmlong; pedicel 1.2–4.2 cmlong, robust, cylindrical; sepals1–1.3 × 0.6–0.9 cm, elliptic, apex obtuse or acute, yellow with purplish pigmentation; glabrous; petals1.1–3.5 × 0.8–3 cm, obovate, light yellow, with the adaxial petal like a standard, one of the inner petals coiled in the androecium; stamens 5–9 mmlong, filaments ca. 1mmlong; anthers 4– 8 mmlong, not mucronulate at apex. Ovary0.2–0.6 × 1–1.1 cm, glabrous, styles 1.2–1.8 cmlong, glabrous. Legume3.5–4.5 × 0.5–0.8 cm, glabrous, narrow-oblong, green with purplish pigmentation to brown. Seeds5–6 × 3.1–4 mm, orbicular, dark brown, smooth, glossy.
Representative specimens examined:— BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Barra do Garças, NEof Barra do Garça, 500 m, 4 May 1973, (fl.), W . R. Anderson9683( NY, UB); Parque Estadual da Serra Azul, estrada de acesso ao mirante do Cristo, logo após a entrada que leva às cachoeiras, 24 March 2016, T . P. Mendes, J. A. Oliveira& R. C. Sodré31( UFG); ib., Serra Azul, ca. 100 metros da entrada para a trilha da Cachoeira da Usina, 15°52’29’’S, 52°15’7’’W, 396 m, 24 March 2016, T . P. Mendes, J. A. Oliveira& R. C. Sodré32( UFG), 33( UFG), 34( UFG); ib., 27 September 2016, (fl., fr.), T . P. Mendes, J. A. Oliveira, A. O. Souza355( UFG), 356( UFG); Chapada dos Guimarães, sandstone cliffs and adjacente cerrados and campos at western edge of the Chapada dos Guimarães, 550–680m, 13 February 1975, William R . Anderson11362( NY); ib., Parque Estadual Chapada dos Guimarães, estacionamento da Cidade de Pedras, 15°17’59’’S, 55°50’45’’W, 681m, 25 March 2016, (fl.), T . P. Mendes, J. A. Oliveira& R. C. Sodré42( UFG), 43( UFG), 44( UFG), 45( UFG), 46( UFG); ib., Trilhapara a Cachoeira do Pulo, circuito das cachoeiras, 15°24’31’’S, 55°49’52’’W, 603m, 26 March 2016, (fl., fr.), T . P. Mendes, J. A. Oliveira& R. C. Sodré47( UFG), 48( UFG); ib.,estrada para a casa de pedras, 15°25’30’’S, 55°49’60’’W, 671 m, 27 March 2016, (fl.), T . P. Mendes, J. A. Oliveira& R. C. Sodré49, 50( UFG); General Carneiro, margem direita do km 129 da BR-070, de General Carneiroao Povoado de Paredão Grande, depois da entrada das aldeias Eruquele Nebure, 15°35’4’’S, 53°11’24’’W, 511 m, 25 March 2016, T . P. Mendes, J. A. Oliveira& R. C. Sodré36( UFG), 37( UFG), 38( UFG), 39( UFG), 40( UFG); Pedra Preta, Rod.BR- 364, Serra da Petrovina, 16 May 1995, (fl.), G . Hatschbachet al. 62843( MBM, NY); São José do Rio Claro, Fazenda Cachoeira de Pau, 13°52’S, 56°32’’ W, 14 June 1997, (fl.), V . C. Souzaet al. 18124( ESA); Rio Verde, Rod. Campo Grande-Cuiabá, 15 May 1973, G . Hatschbach31960( NY, MBM); Xavantina, Drainageof the upper Rio Araguaia, ca. 30 km Sof Xavantina, 400m, 11 June 1966, (fl.), H . S Irwinet al. 16916( NY, UB); ib., Serra do Roncador, Rio Turvo, ca. 210 Km Nof Xavantina, 500 m, H . S. Irwinet al. 17239( NY, UB). Mato Grosso do Sul: Chapadão do Sul, Fazenda Ribeirão, entrada do Km130, rodovia MS-306, 18°48’41’’S, 52°52’48’’W, 800 m, 31 May 2001, (fl., fr.), A . Pottet al. 9008( CGMS). Costa Rica, balneário do município, 18°31’57.9”S, 53°07’27.4”W, 27 June 2001, A . L. B. Sartoriet al. 620( CGMS). Minas Gerais: Chapada Gaúcha, Serra das Araras, Cerradoda capelinha, Parque Estadual Serradas Araras, 11 November 2003, Martins, RC, & Gomes, B . M. 449( UB). BOLÍVIA: Santa Cruz. Província de Chiquitos. Southslope of the Serrania de Santiago, 5–10 kmeast of town of Santiago de Chiquitos, 18°23’S, 59°30’W, 850–900 m, 20 July 1983, (fl.), D. C . Dalyet al. 2142( NY); ib., Serrania de Santiago, 3 km Nof Santiago de Chiquitos, 18°20’S, 59°40’W, 900 m, 15 October 1986, (fl.), Tim Killeen2806( F, NY);
Distribution and ecology:—Species registered for Boliviaand Brazil. In the latter country, it was cited by the Rando et al.(2020)for Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Suland Rondônia, and, therefore, is being referred to Minas Geraisin this study (Fig. 36A). It growsin in cerrados típicos, cerrados densos, cerrado ralosand cerrados rupestres, campos sujosand campos rupestres, edge of gallery forests, in flat areas, hillsides or hilltops, forming aggregate populations. In its areas of occurrence, the altitude varies from 400–1280 meters, although most individuals are around 800 meters. Flowering and fruiting:—Collected with flowers and fruits in March and November.
Etymology:—The specific epithet “ rigidifolia” refers to the rigid leaflets of the species. Conservation status:—Due to its occurrence in an area of occurrence greater than 390,000 km 2, to be collected in more than 10 locations, and to present populations with more than 40 individuals, Chamaecrista rigidifoliahas its conservation considered as Least Concern (LC). Typification:— Cassia rigidifoliawas described by Bentham (1870)in Flora Brasiliensis based on a collection by “Riedel s.n” whose label of the exsiccate was written only “ In locis saxosis Serra da Chapada”. Irwin & Barneby (1978)indicated the “Riedel 482” and “Riedel 960” collections belonging to the herbarium as the species holotype. During this study, we found that the collections indicated by the latter authors correspond to the same collection mentioned by Bentham (1840)for the equality of information contained on the labels of their exsiccates. We also verified that there is doubt as to the correct number of the species collector, since the collection presents two numbers for the same individual. In the face of such dubiousness and considering that a holotypecannot be represented by equal collections with different numbers and the fact that at Herbarium L there is more than one duplicate of the collection indicated by the number “Riedel 960”. We chose to lectotify the species, and, for consequently, as its lectotype, the collection belonging to the herbarium L under Barcode L00002375 (Fig. 30) which is the only one among the collections that is fertile. FIGURE. Chamaecrista rigidifolia. A.Habit. B.Foliage. C.Panicle. D.Inflorescence portion. E.Flower. F.Fruit. FIGURE 9. Ch.amaecrista rigidifolia. A.Flowering branch. B. Stipule. C.Leaflet. D.Bract. E.Bracteole. F.Bud. G.Flower. H.Sepal. I.Petal. J.Androecium and gynoecium. K.Stamen. L.Gynoecium. M.Fruit. T.P.Mendes. J.A. Oliveira & R.C. Sodré 44(UFG). FIGURE 0.Lectotype of Chamaecrista rigidifoliaLE(00002375). Image used with permission from Herbarium L. FIGURE.Lectotype of Chamaecrista poiretioides, SP(000893). Image used with permission from Herbarium of Botanical Garden of São Paulo. Cassia poiretioidesHoehne (1922: 186)was described by Hoehne in 1922 inthe work “Commission of Strategic Telegraphic Lines from Mato Grossoto Amazonas”, which indicated the Kulhmann 2031 collection collected between Vilhena and Amarante, state of Mato Grosso, as typus. Irwin & Barneby (1978)proposed Cassia poiretioidesas a synonym for Cassia rigidifoliagiven the vegetative and reproductive similarities between species. Four years later, these same authors ( Irwin & Barneby 1982) transferred Cassia rigidifoliato the genus Chamaecrista(= Ch. rigidifolia). Analyzing the typusand protologues collections of the two taxa, we agree with all the decisions made by Irwin & Barneby (1982). In this same work, the authors indicated the Kulhmann 7635 = Comiss as typusby C. poiretioides. Linh. Telegram. 2031. Consulting the original work of the species (Hoehne 1940) we find that the typecollection of the same is Kulhmann 7635 = Comiss. Linh. Telegram. 2031. As the latter is deposited in the R and RB herbariums, we have chosen to consider the Kulhmann 2031 sample of the Herbarium SP (SP 000893) as its lectototype (Fig. 31) because it reflects the original description of the species, being in good condition conservation and own flowers. Morphological relationships and characterization:—Irwin & Barneby, in 1978, in studies carried out on Cassiarecognized two varieties for the species: Ch. rigidifoliavar. rigidifoliaand Ch. rigidifoliavar. veadeirana, differentiated mainly by the first ones having oblong-elliptical leaflets (vs. obovals or suborbiculars in Ch. veadeiranavar veadeirana), inflorescence axis and glabrous buds (vs. setulose), pubescent bracts and ciliate bracts (vs. both setulose and pubescent). Recently, Mendes et al.(2020)in a phylogenetic study aimed at Ch.ser. Paniculataerecognized the two varieties proposed by Irwin & Barneby (1982)for Ch. rigidifoliaas distinct species, a decision supported also by the morphological discontinuity presented by both species. Cota et al.(2020)synonymized Ch. rigidifoliasensu Mendes et al.(2020)under Ch. clausseniistating that the species were not morphologically compared by Mendes et al.(2020). After studying several herborized materials and field observations, as, we noticed that, despite the morphological similarities, Ch. rigidifoliais a distinct species from Ch. clausseniibecause they present a set of characters that differentiate them, as already discussed in the comments of the latter. Chamaecrista rigidifoliacan be recognized mainly by its waxy branches and axis of inflorescence, dense leaves with elliptical or oblong-elliptical leaflets with geminate secondary axis. The species also resembles Ch. veadeiranain that it shares the shrubby habit, waxy stem, leaves regularly distributed throughout the plant and ascendants and ovoid buds, but differs from this in that it presents dense leaves in Ch. rigidifolia(vs. sparse leaves), small petiole (vs. robust), oval leaflets (vs. oboval or elliptical-oboval) with obtuse apex (vs. rounded) and corded asymmetric base (vs. asymmetric-obtuse), with greenish margin and veins (vs. vinaceous), impressed tertiary veins (vs. prominent), panicles up to 32 cmlong. (vs. up to 78 cmlong), in addition to the secondary axis of inflorescence, buds, the outer face of the sepals and glabrous fruits (vs. setulose), elliptical sepals with up to 0.9 cmlong (vs. lanceolate up to 1.7 cmlong) and light yellow petals (vs. dark yellow).
[325,519,1552,1574]
1918-05
Brazil
Type
Amarante
Vilhena
45
46
1
Mato Grosso
SP, R, RB
Brazil
45
46
1
Mato Grosso
lectotype
1973-05-04
NE, W
Brazil
500
Barra do Garcas
46
47
1
Mato Grosso
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1973-05-04
R
Brazil
500
true
Barra do Garcas
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47
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Mato Grosso
2016-03-24
NY, UB, T
Anderson
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Cristo
Parque Estadual da Serra Azul
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47
1
Mato Grosso
[972,990,476,501]
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P
Anderson
Brazil
true
Cristo
Parque Estadual da Serra Azul
46
47
1
Mato Grosso
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J
Mendes
Brazil
46
47
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Mato Grosso
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Mendes
Brazil
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47
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Mato Grosso
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R
Oliveira
Brazil
46
47
1
Mato Grosso
[1315,1336,475,501]
C
Oliveira
Brazil
true
46
47
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Mato Grosso
2016-03-24
UFG, T
Sodre
Brazil
396
-15.8747225
Cachoeira da Usina
21
-52.251945
Serra Azul
46
47
1
Mato Grosso
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Sodre
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-15.8747225
Cachoeira da Usina
21
-52.251945
Serra Azul
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47
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Mato Grosso
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Mendes
Brazil
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Mato Grosso
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Mendes
Brazil
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47
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Mato Grosso
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Oliveira
Brazil
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47
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Mato Grosso
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Oliveira
Brazil
true
46
47
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Mato Grosso
2016-09-27
UFG, T
Sodre
Brazil
46
47
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Mato Grosso
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2016-09-27
P
Sodre
Brazil
true
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47
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Mato Grosso
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J
Mendes
Brazil
46
47
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Mato Grosso
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A
Mendes
Brazil
true
46
47
1
Mato Grosso
[515,645,581,607]
A
Oliveira
Brazil
46
47
1
Mato Grosso
[650,672,581,607]
O
Oliveira
Brazil
true
46
47
1
Mato Grosso
1975-02-13
UFG, R
Souza & Chapada dos Guimaraes & William
Brazil
615
46
47
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NY, T
Anderson & Parque Estadual Chapada dos Guimaraes
Brazil
681
-15.299723
Cidade de Pedras
21
-55.845833
46
47
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Mato Grosso
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P
Anderson & Parque Estadual Chapada dos Guimaraes
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681
true
-15.299723
Cidade de Pedras
21
-55.845833
46
47
1
Mato Grosso
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J
Mendes
Brazil
46
47
1
Mato Grosso
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A
Mendes
Brazil
true
46
47
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Mato Grosso
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R
Oliveira
Brazil
46
47
1
Mato Grosso
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C
Oliveira
Brazil
true
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47
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Mato Grosso
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UFG, T
Sodre
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603
-15.40861
Cachoeira do Pulo
21
-55.831112
Trilha
46
47
1
Mato Grosso
[694,712,757,782]
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P
Sodre
Brazil
603
true
-15.40861
Cachoeira do Pulo
21
-55.831112
Trilha
46
47
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Mato Grosso
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J
Mendes
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46
47
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Mato Grosso
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Mendes
Brazil
true
46
47
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Mato Grosso
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R
Oliveira
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46
47
1
Mato Grosso
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C
Oliveira
Brazil
true
46
47
1
Mato Grosso
2016-03-27
UFG, T
Sodre
Brazil
671
-15.425
21
-55.833332
46
47
1
Mato Grosso
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2016-03-27
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Sodre
Brazil
671
true
-15.425
21
-55.833332
46
47
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Mato Grosso
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J
Mendes
Brazil
46
47
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Mato Grosso
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A
Mendes
Brazil
true
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47
1
Mato Grosso
R
Oliveira
Brazil
46
47
1
Mato Grosso
[161,182,827,853]
C
Oliveira
Brazil
true
46
47
1
Mato Grosso
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UFG, T
Sodre & de General Carneiro
Brazil
General Carneiro
511
-15.584444
Eruquel
21
-53.190002
Povoado de Paredao Grande
46
47
1
Mato Grosso
[156,174,898,923]
2016-03-25
P
Sodre & de General Carneiro
Brazil
General Carneiro
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true
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Eruquel
21
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Povoado de Paredao Grande
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47
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Mato Grosso
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J
Mendes
Brazil
46
47
1
Mato Grosso
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A
Mendes
Brazil
true
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47
1
Mato Grosso
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Oliveira
Brazil
46
47
1
Mato Grosso
[486,507,898,924]
C
Oliveira
Brazil
true
46
47
1
Mato Grosso
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UFG, G
Sodre
Brazil
Pedra Preta
Serra da Petrovina
Rod.
46
47
1
Mato Grosso
MBM, NY, W
Hatschbach
Brazil
-13.866667
Fazenda Cachoeira de Pau
Sao Jose do Rio Claro
46
47
1
Mato Grosso
[586,836,968,995]
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V
Brazil
46
47
1
Mato Grosso
[839,858,968,994]
1997-06-14
C
Brazil
true
46
47
1
Mato Grosso
1973-05-15
ESA, G
Souza
Brazil
Rod. Campo Grande-Cuiaba
Rio Verde
46
47
1
Mato Grosso
1966-06-11
NY, MBM, S, H
Hatschbach
Brazil
Xavantina
400
upper Rio Araguaia
Drainage
46
47
1
Mato Grosso
[720,734,1039,1065]
1966-06-11
S
Hatschbach
Brazil
Xavantina
400
true
upper Rio Araguaia
Drainage
46
47
1
Mato Grosso
NY, UB, N, H
Irwin
Brazil
Serra do Roncador
500
Km
Rio Turvo
46
47
1
Mato Grosso
[567,583,1074,1100]
S
Irwin
Brazil
Serra do Roncador
500
true
Km
Rio Turvo
46
47
1
Mato Grosso
[593,908,1073,1100]
NY, UB
Irwin
Brazil
46
47
1
Mato Grosso
2001-05-31
A
Chapadao do Sul & Fazenda Ribeirao & Km
Brazil
800
-18.811388
Mato Grosso do Sul
21
-52.879997
46
47
1
Mato Grosso do Sul
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CGMS, A
Pott
Costa Rica
-18.53275
Costa Rica
1
-53.124275
46
47
1
Chapadao do Sul
[1291,1310,1144,1170]
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L
Pott
Brazil
true
-18.53275
Costa Rica
1
-53.124275
46
47
1
Chapadao do Sul
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CGMS, B
Sartori & Chapada Gaucha & Serra das Araras & Cerrado & Araras & Martins, RC & Gomes
Brazil
Parque Estadual Serra
Minas Gerais
46
47
1
Chapadao do Sul
[755,783,1215,1240]
2003-11-11
M
Sartori & Chapada Gaucha & Serra das Araras & Cerrado & Araras & Martins, RC & Gomes
Brazil
true
Parque Estadual Serra
Minas Gerais
46
47
1
Chapadao do Sul
1983-07-20
C
Bolivia
Provincia de Chiquitos. South
875
-18.383333
Santiago de Chiquitos
1275
-59.5
Serrania de Santiago
46
47
1
Santa Cruz
1986-10-15
NY, N, F
Daly & Tim Killeen
Bolivia
900
-18.333334
Serrania de Santiago
1275
-59.666668
46
47
1
Santa Cruz