A monograph of the Anisophylleaceae (Cucurbitales) with description of 18 new species of Anisophyllea Chen, Xin He, Hai Zhang, Li-Bing Phytotaxa 2015 2015-10-02 229 1 448 450 673F5 [193,436,1720,1745] Magnoliopsida Anisophylleaceae Anisophyllea Plantae Cucurbitales 90 Tracheophyta species ismailii    Type:— INDONESIA. East Kalimantan: Pujungan District, Kayan-Mentarang Nature Reserve, ca. 5 kmNW of confluence of Bahauand Gong Rivers, 2°50’ N, 115°50’E,  900 m,  30 June 1992,  Mcdonald& Ismail3500( holotypeA-00057460!, isotypes A!, BO, F, L).  Treesto 14 mtall, 15 cmin diam., trunks straight, with aerial roots at ground level; bark palely gray, rough; young shoots terete, 1.0– 1.5 mmin diam. when bearing leaves, palely gray, glabrous, turning roughened by early appearance of lenticel. Leavesmonomorphic (?), internodes 1.5–2.5 cm; shortly petiolate, petioles to 2.5 mmlong, MONOGRAPH OF ANISOPHYLLEACEAE  Phytotaxa229 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press • 911.5–2.0 mm in diam., terete or slightly flattened adaxially, dark green, glabrous; leaf blade elliptic, 6–10 cmlong, 3–5 cmwide, base often oblique, acute, apex shortly caudate, coriaceous, darkly green adaxially, palely green abaxially, glabrous on both surfaces; main longitudinal veins 5–6, springing from blade base, inner veins bold, outermost two veins rather fine, nearly merged with blade margins and sometimes disappearing into blade margins   FIGURE 66.  Anisophyllea ismailiiJ. A. McDonald. —A. Portion of flowering branch. —B. Portion of fruiting branchlet with fruit (Drawn by S. Iskak; reproduced and modified from McDonald in Harvard Papers in Botany1(6): 124. 1995; courtesy of the Harvard University Herbaria).  92• Phytotaxa229 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press  CHEN  ETAL. when 6 main veins present, raised on both surfaces; transverse veins irregular, nearly perpendicular with midrib at lower potion and at angles of ca. 45° with midrib at upper potion; veinlets reticulate and tessellate, slightly prominent on both surfaces. Inflorescencesa spike, usually in 3 serials, axillary or a little supra axillary; rachis angled, often zigzag, 1.0– 2.2 cmlong, to 1.5 mmin diam. during anthesis, to 3 mmin diam. during fruiting, ferruginous, bearing 10–15 flowers with floral internodes 1–2 mmdistant; Flowersunknown; infructescence with obvious rounded floral scars that protruding to 1 mmfrom thickened rachis, more or less recurved, and with a conspicuous pit on dorsal surface. Fruitone or two per infructescence, terminal or subterminal, ellipsoid, to 5 cmlong, 2.2 cmin diam., base obtuse, gradually attenuate from middle and forming a beak at apex, surface palely green and often with one or two lightly purple, longitudinal stripes, glabrous; pericarp ca. 4 mmthick.  Flowering and fruiting:—Flowering time unknown; fruiting around June.  Habitat and distribution:— In relatively cool and damp fagaceous forests; ca.   900 m. Indonesia( East Kalimantan) ( Figure 67).   FIGURE 67.Geographical distribution of  Anisophyllea ismailiiJ. A. McDonald.  Taxonomic notes:—Comparing with  Anisophyllea apetala,  A. beccariana, and  A. corneri,  A. ismailiiis distinctively different in its short inflorescences, its shorter floral internodes, and its obvious floral scars on the rachis of infructescences (  McDonald1995). It is even more similar to another species on the Island of Borneo,  A. nitida, which also has floral scars remaining in infructescences and has small beak on the apex of its fruit as well. However, these two species can be separate by the shape of their leaves, by the length of their petioles, and by the texture and the luster of their blades (very thickly leathery and shinning adaxially in this species vs. leathery and dim green adaxially in the latter). With only the typematerial available and no flowers were observed, we are not sure whether this species lacks petals as  A. apetaladoes, or it has petals of any kinds. Neither can we verify if the leaves are monomorphic without small leaves. 1992-06-30 A, BO, F, L Mcdonald & Ismail Indonesia Type 900 2.8333333 Kayan-Mentarang Nature Reserve 1307 115.833336 Pujungan District 90 2 Kalimantan Timur holotype Indonesia 900 East Kalimantan 92 900 Kalimantan Timur