Uapaca clusioides Baker , Journal of the Linnean Society , Botany 21: 441 (1884) Uapaca ferruginea var. carnotiana Leandri, Mémoires de l’Institut A review of Madagascan Uapaca (Euphorbiaceae s. l.) Mcpherson, Gordon Adansonia 2011 3 2011-12-31 33 2 221 231   5.  Uapaca ferrugineaBaillon( Figs 1; 2)  Étude générale du groupe des Euphorbiacées: 596 (1858).      Uapaca clusioides Baker,   Journalof the Linnean Society, Botany21: 441 (1884). — Type: Madagascar, Central Madagasacar, s.d., fl. ♂,  Baron2546(iso-, P [sheet P00298669]).   Uapaca ferruginea var. carnotianaLeandri, Mémoires de l’Institut scientifique de  Madagascar, Série B,  Biologievégétale 8: 257 (1957). — Type: Madagascar, Prov. Fianarantsoa, Ambodivanana, près de Fort-Carnot,  800 malt.,  15.VII.1954, fr., Service forestier 14392(holo-, P[sheet P00539630]).    TYPUS. —  Madagascar. Forêt de Ravinatsara, Manambo, Sainte Marie de Madagascar,  IX.1850, fr.,  Boivins.n.( lectotype,P [sheet 00298671], here designated).  REPRESENTATIVE MATERIAL EXAMINED. —  Madagascar. Prov. Antsiranana, Ambato, 13°26’42”S, 048°33’18”E,  21.XI.1996,  Antilahimena322( MO, P). —  Manantenina, 14°26’00”S, 049°45’42”E,  750 m,  21.XI.1996,  Messmer254( G, MO, P). —  Masiaposa, 14°38’S, 049°41’E,  26.IV.1967,  Serviceforestier 27798( G, K, MO, P). —  Toamasina, Anjiahely, 15°25’01”S, 049°30’39”E,  420 m,  23. XII.2002,  Antilahimena1578( MO, P). —  Entre Sahamalazaet Vohilava, 15°37’S, 049°30’E,  500 m,  9.III.1954,  Serviceforestier 9120( K, MO, P). —  Antanambao-Ambodimanga, 16°46’06”S, 049°42’22”E,  16. VI.2003,  Razakamalala489( MO, P, TEF). —  Ambohidena forest, 16°51’11”S, 049°57’10”E,  10 m,  14. V.2003,  Rabenantoandro1461( MO, P, TEF). —  Zahamena, 17°38’S, 049°29’E,  0-100 m,  23. I.1986,  Dorr4618( MO, P). —  Eod.loc., 17°39’07”S, 048°58’14”E,  550-600 m,  21.X.2002,  Andrianjafy294( MO, P, TEF). —  Mantadia, 18°55’S, 048°25’E,  950-1150 m,  7.XI.1994,  McPherson16532( MO, P, TEF).  FIG. 1. — Staminate specimen of  Uapaca ferrugineaBaill.showing capitate inflorescences ( McPherson 14844). DESCRIPTION Trees 5-15 mtall; dbh 13-45 cm; stilt roots present; leaf-bearing twigs 7-15 mmin diameter, solid or hollow, coated with glossy exudate. Leaf blades obovate, elliptic, or suboblong, (12-)15-25(-28) cm long, (5.5-)9-14(-16) cm wide; base cuneate to obtuse, attenuate into petiole, apex obtuse; secondary veins 6-8(-9) on each side of the midrib; tertiary venation scalariform or nearly so, evident to somewhat obscure or nearly invisible, petiole (2.0-)2.5-6(-8) cm. Staminate peduncles 1.5-7.5 cmlong; petaloid bracts c. 8 innumber, 7-13 mm× 5-8 mm, ciliate, flowering head 7-8 mmin diameter excluding the exserted stamens; staminodes present; pistillode densely pubescent on distal surface. Pistillate peduncles (1.0-)2-4(-4.5) cm long, typically coated with exudate; calyx in flower c. 4 mmin diameter, coated with glossy exudate, pubescent or apparently sometimes glabrous; calyx in fruit 1-2 mmhigh, (3.5-)4.5-8(-9) mm in diameter, undulate or slightly lobed, glossy coating usually persistent, indument typically persistent and visible at fruiting time; fruit 15-20(-25) mm long, rounded or pointed at tip, sometimes drying with marked ridges while immature, usually coated with glossy exudate, yellowish or reddish at maturity.  DISTRIBUTION Eastern and northern forests at lower and middle elevations ( 5-950 m).  REMARKS Two forms of fruit seem to exist in this species.Most fruiting specimens bear essentially unridged (although immature) fruit, but a few exhibit a strongly ridged (also immature) fruit. All but two of the latter sort are also unusual in sharing an apparently glabrous calyx and all were collected in the general region of the Bay of Antongil. However, Boivin s.n.( typeof the species) and Service forestier 28805, both from Île Sainte Marie, combine a ridged fruit with a calyx bearing the indument usual in the species. Leandri (1958)recognized  U. ferrugineavar. carnotianaas the name for the sort with the unridged fruit. Typical specimens are marked by their stout leafy branches, large leaves with scalariform venation, and long peduncles. The species can be confused with  U. louveliiif no large leaves or long peduncles are present; however, the copious indument typically persistent and evident on fruiting calyces will often make identification possible. Alternatively, the form withpartly collapsed, and therefore conspicuously ridged, fruit is easily recognized. Also similar is  U. amplifolia, but that species has smaller staminate heads and broader leaf blades and is restricted to the NW. Further collecting and study may, nevertheless, lead to the inclusion of  U. amplifoliaas a subspecies of  U. ferruginea. Two specimens ( Schatz 2312and 2950) from Nosy Mangabe in the Bay of Antongil are tentatively placed here, although their short petioles and the pistillate specimen’s large fruit ( 28 mmlong) make them somewhat unusual. [850,907,771,795] P Madagascar Baron Journal Central Madagasacar 5 226 P00298669 1 1 B Madagascar Madagascar 5 226 1 1954-07-15 P Biologie & Prov. & Ambodivanana & de Fort-Carnot Madagascar 800 Fianarantsoa 5 226 P00539630 1 Fianarantsoa 1850-09 TYPUS Madagascar Boivin Foret de Ravinatsara Sainte Marie de Madagascar 5 226 1 lectotype 1996-11-21 MO, P Antilahimena Madagascar -13.445 Ambato 21 48.555 Prov. 5 226 1 Antsiranana 1996-11-21 G, MO, P Messmer Madagascar 750 -14.433333 Manantenina 21 49.761665 5 226 1 Antsiranana 1967-04-26 G, K, MO, P Service Madagascar -14.633333 Masiaposa 1287 49.683334 5 226 1 Antsiranana 2002-12-23 XII, MO, P Antilahimena Madagascar 420 -15.4169445 Anjiahely 21 49.510834 5 226 1 Toamasina 1954-03-09 K, MO, P Service Madagascar 500 -15.616667 Vohilava 1284 49.5 Entre Sahamalaza 5 226 1 Toamasina 2003-06-16 VI, MO, P, TEF Razakamalala Madagascar -16.768333 Antanambao-Ambodimanga 21 49.706112 5 226 1 Toamasina 2003-05-14 V, MO, P, TEF Rabenantoandro Madagascar 10 -16.853056 Ambohidena forest 21 49.952778 5 226 1 Toamasina 1986-01-23 I, MO, P Dorr Madagascar 50 -17.633333 Zahamena 1278 49.483334 5 226 1 Toamasina 2002-10-21 MO, P, TEF Andrianjafy Madagascar 575 -17.651943 Eod. 21 48.970554 5 226 1 Toamasina 1994-11-07 MO, P, TEF McPherson Madagascar 1050 -18.916666 Mantadia 1273 48.416668 5 226 1 Toamasina