A revision of Canarium L. (Burseraceae) in Madagascar
Daly, Douglas C.
Raharimampionona, Jeannie
Federman, Sarah
Adansonia
2015
2015-12-31
37
2
277
345
QJQQ
Daly, Raharim. & Federman
Daly, Raharim. & Federman
2015
[813,1365,852,879]
Magnoliopsida
Burseraceae
Canarium
Plantae
Sapindales
59
336
Tracheophyta
species
scholasticum
sp. nov.
( Figs 10; 28) Small to very large trees, leaves 3-4(6)-jugate, terminal leaflet usually obovate, leaflet apex usually abruptly and broadly short-acuminate with the acumen 2-6 mmlong; distinguished from C. lamianum Daly, Raharim. & Federman , sp. nov.by the bark finely fissured or smooth (vs deeply fissured in C. lamianum, sp. nov.), lateral leaflets (oblong-)ovate (vs variously shaped but not ovate), lateral leaflet base cordate or less often truncate, very rarely acute (vs obtuse, truncate, or acute), secondary vein angle decreasing toward the base (vs increasing or uniform), on staminate inflorescences the secondary branch endings not congested (vs often congested). TYPUS. — Madagascar. [ Toamasina] Tamatave, District Tamatave II, Commune Ambodirina, Réserve Naturelle Intégrale Betampona, on mild slope 3.7 kmN of reserve base, 325-375 melev., 17°55’53”S, 49°12’12”E, 3.II.2006, D. C. Daly, R. Ranaivojaona, R. B. Iambana& C. Razafy13075(holo-, NY!; iso-, G!, MO!, TEF!). PARATYPI. — Madagascar. Mahajanga, Sofia, Mangindrano, 1855 m, 14°13’17”S, 49°03’47”E, X.2005, M. Callmander, S. Buerki, C. Rakotovao, Joro& Jovazaha429(G, MO, NY, P, TAN). Fianarantsoa, Vatovavy-Fitovinany, Between Fianarantsoaand Ifanadiana, Parc National Ranomafana, 1100 m, 21°15’S, 47°27’E, 11-15.XI.1991, S.T. Malcomber1046( NY, MO). Toamasina, Analanjirofo, Maroantsetra, Ampokafo, Ambatoledama, 15°17’S, 50°00’E, 15.VIII.2003, P. Antilahimena2051( MO); Alaotra-Mangoro, Moramanga, Andasibe, Menalamba, between Analamay and Ambatovy, 1221 m, 18°49’52”S, 48°18’43”E, 21.V.2007, P. Antilahimena, F. Edmond& Tojoniaina5540( MO, P, TAN, TEF); Alaotra Mangoro, Moramanga, Ambohibary, Ampitambe, Ambatovy, Andranovery forest, 1028 m, 18°52’06”S, 48°18’14”E, P.Antilahimenaet al. 7098( US); Analanjirofo, Befandriana Nord, Antsakabary, Andapanomby, Ampandisana River, 149 m, 15°19’44”S, 49°08’15”E, 30.IV.2007, R. Bernard& C. Birkinshaw502( MO, P, TAN); 3 kmE of Mandraka, along Antananarivo-Toamasina highway, 1090 m, 18°56’S, 47°56’E, 27.I.1993, G. E. Schatz, W. D. Stevens& J. P. Rakotomazaza3425( MO, NY, P, TAN); Atsinanana, Réserve Naturelle Intégrale Betampona, 400-600 m, 17°55’23”S, 49°11’57”E, 11.II.2008, T. Treuer, S. Federman& J. Sylvain4( NY).
DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY. — Canarium scholasticum, sp. nov.has one of the broadest distributions of the genus in Madagascar. FIG. 28. — Canarium scholasticumDaly, Raharim. & Federman, sp. nov.: A, flowering branchlet with detail of leaflet ( A’); B, detail of shoot apex with stipules; C, apical view of stipules; D, staminate bud with bracteoles (right) and with part of calyx and two petals removed (left); E, longisection of ovariodisk and half of stamens; F, portion of pistillate inflorescence; G, pistillate flower with bracts and bracteoles; H, pistillate flower with perianth removed, plus apical view of stigma and abaxial view of pubescent staminode anther (right); I, portion of infructescence; A, F -H, Daly et al. 13075(NY and field photos); B, Daly et al. 13015(field photo by D. Daly); C, Daly et al. 12968(field photo by D. Daly); D, E, from Service Forestier 2088(NY); I, Malcomber 1046(NY).Scale bars: A, I, 2 cm; B, C, 5 mm; D, E, G, H, 3 mm; F, 1 cm; A’, not to scale. It ranges from Ranomafana National Park in the south, to Tsiroanomandidy in the west and Analamazaotra National Park in the center, to Maroantsetra, Vohémar and Sambava in the North; it is also broadly distributed in the Sambirano-Ambanja region. It is usually found in montane forests between (325) 800-1600 melevation. Flowering Jan.-Mar., fruiting Nov.-Apr. COMMON NAMES. — Ramy blanc, ramy mena, ramy, tsiramiramy, aramy.
ETYMOLOGY. — The specific epithet refers to the occurrence of the species near places of study, the Cabine de Recherche and the Vato camp used by primatologists in Ranomafana National Park.
DESCRIPTION Trees, reproductive size 3-35 m, to 300 cmdiam, with low plank buttresses. Outer bark gray, thick, deeply fissured, lenticellate, shed in thick irregular plates, inner bark light orange. Resin white, flammable. Leaves 8.5-36.5 cmlong, 3-4(6)-jugate; petiole (1.4) 5-10 cm, petiole and rachis with sparse to scattered erect ferrugineous hairs to 0.05 mmlong, also sparse snail-shaped glands, in fruit often woody and lenticellate; stipules (1) 5-13 mmfrom petiole insertion, 5-6 mmlong, obovate and usually constricted at base, surfaces with dense ferrugineous ascending to appressed hairs to 0.25 mmlong, the scar 3-5 mmlong; basal petiolules (2) 4-14 (20) mm, other laterals (3) 6-20 mmlong, terminal one (10) 14-40 (56) mm long, not canaliculate, lateral pulvinuli sometimes conspicuous; basal leaflets (1.8) 3-10.5 ×(1.1) 1.8-5.6 cm, (broadly) ovate to suborbicular, other laterals (3.5) 5.8-13 ×(1.7) 2.5-6.2 cm, (oblong-)ovate, less often (oblong)obovate or rarely broadly elliptic, terminal one 4.7-14 × 2.4-8.2 cm, obovate, less often broadly elliptic, rarely ovate; leaflet apex rounded to abruptly and broadly short-acuminate, the acumen 2-6 mmlong, leaflet base usually symmetric, sometimes basal insertion slightly asymmetric, cordate or less often truncate, very rarely acute; margin flat; leaflets coriaceous, sometimes splitting along midvein when pressed and dried, drying (greenish) brown, dull or sometimes glossy on adaxial side and rarely on abaxial side; secondary vein framework brochidodromous but usually looping near the margin, secondaries in 8-13 pairs, slightly arcuate to spreading, spacing decreasing toward apex and markedly toward base, angle increasing toward base, intercostal tertiaries alternate-percurrent or sometime irregular-reticulate, quaternaries regular-polygonal; on abaxial side the midvein narrowly prominent, secondaries prominent but slightly sunk in a groove, tertiaries usually narrowly prominulous and then often sunk, sometimes flat or broadly prominulous, the midvein with sparse to scattered erect ferrugineous hairs to 0.05 mmlong, also flexuous ferrugineous hairs to 0.2 mm, also sparse snail-shaped glands, rest of surface with scattered short thick appressed hairs; on adaxial side the midvein narrowly prominulous but sunk in a groove, secondaries narrowly prominulous but usually sunk, rest of veins broad and almost flat, surface subglabrous or with fine erect or ascending white hairs, these sparse to scattered on midvein, relatively dense on petiolules, scattered on rest of surface plus a few along the margin. Inflorescences 5-25 cmlong, axes with dense flexuous ferrugineous hairs to 0.3 mmlong, also some elongate lenticels; staminate inflorescences with secondary axes to 9 cmlong; bracts on axes c. 7.8 mmlong, with dense flexuous golden hairs to 0.2 mmlong, narrowly elliptic, some ovate (especially on primary axes); bracteoles c. 3.7 mmlong, obovate and acuminate, often longer than buds; pedicel 3.4-4.6 ×0.9-1.3. Staminate flowers 4.8- 5.5 mmlong overall; calyx 2.1-2.6 × 3.6-4 mm, taller than ovariodisk, deeply cupular, lobes 0.6-1.7 mmlong, (depressed) rounded-deltate, abaxial surface with dense appressed flexuous ferrugineous hairs to 0.15 mmlong, adaxial surface with dense ascending to appressed golden hairs to 0.3 mmlong; petals 5-5.3 × 3.4 mm, exposed part slightly shorter than or equal to calyx, ovate, abaxial surface with appressed golden hairs to 0.3 mmlong, these retrorse at apex, oriented toward the apex up the center of the petals, and exmedial up the sides of the petals; stamens 3.4-3.5 mmlong (sometimes stamens slightly dimorphic in length), anthers 1.2-1.4 mmlong, narrowly oblong-ovate in dorsiventral view, lanceolate to narrowly ovate in lateral view; ovariodisk 0.8-1.5 × 1.2-1.6 mm, shortcolumnar to perdepressed-obovoid, apex truncate and craggy. Pistillate inflorescences with secondary axes to 5.5 cmlong; bracts on axes 6.1-8.1 mmlong, ovate to obovate and foliose, with ascending to appressed flexuous golden hairs to 0.3 mmlong; bracteoles 5-6 mm, shorter than buds, obovate and acuminate; pedicel 2 × 1-1.5 mm, slightly clavate. Pistillate flowers 9.4-9.5 mmlong overall; calyx 5.5-6.5 × 5.8-6.6 mmoverall, the lobes 0.8-1.2 mmlong, rounded perdepresseddeltate; petals 6 × 3.8 mm, exposed part much shorter than calyx, ovate, fleshy; staminodes 2.4-2.8 mmlong, inserted around rim of a hypanthium 1.3-1.5 mmdeep, level with the base of the stigmas, the anthers 1-1.1 mmlong, ovate in dorsiventral view and oblong in lateral view, pubescent; pistil 5-5.4 × 2.6-3.2 mmoverall, ovary ovoid and with appressed golden hairs to 0.2 mmlong, the style 1.1 × 1-1.6 mmlong, the stigmata area 1.1-1.4 tall, 3-lobed. Fruiting pedicel 3-10 × 3-4.2 mm, slightly clavate, with scattered erect ferrugineous to golden hairs 0.25 mmlong, fruiting calyx 4-10 mm, shallowly cupular, lobes sometimes distinct, 2-4 mmlong, patent, with scattered lenticels. Fruits 3.5-5.1 × 2.3-3.5 cm, brown or gray, ovoid to broadly oblong-ellipsoid to slightly obovoid, sometime slightly angular, rarely broadly ovoid, apex (slightly) tapering to rounded, base truncate to obtuse, surface with lenticels usually dense, relatively large, very raised, slightly ferrugineous, among the lenticels glabrous or some fine white hairs to 0.8 mmlong. NOTES Canarium scholasticum, sp. nov.belongs to a group of 10 species that have relatively large, broad leaflets with truncate to slightly cordate base; within that group, it is contrasted with C. pilicarpum, sp. nov.in the discussion under that species, and outside that group it is contrasted with C. ferrugineum, sp. nov.in the discussion under that species. Both C. lamianum, sp. nov.and C. scholasticum, sp. nov.for the most part have usually 3-4-jugate leaves, stipules 4-13 mmfrom petiole insertion and 3-7 mmlong, basal petiolules 4-14 mmlong, terminal leaflet obovate, leaflet apex abruptly and broadly short-acuminate with the acumen 2-7 (11) mm long, and calyx deeply cupular in pistillate flowers. The latter differs by the bark finely fissured if at all (vs deeply fissured in C. lamianum, sp. nov.), the lateral leaflets (oblong-)ovate (vs variously shaped but not ovate) and often folding lengthwise when dry (vs flat), the lateral leaflet base cordate or less often truncate, very rarely acute (vs obtuse to truncate to acute, sometimes shortattenuate), the secondary vein angle decreasing toward the base (vs increasing or uniform), on abaxial surface the secondary veins more prominent and the lamina often corrugated between secondary veins, on adaxial surface the secondary veins discolorous, and in staminate flowers the stamens inserted around the base of the ovariodisk (vs inserted on the side).
2006-02-03
NY, MO, TEF
District Tamatave II & D. C. Daly & R. Ranaivojaona & R. B. Iambana & C. Razafy
Madagascar
Tamatave
350
-17.931389
Reserve Naturelle Integrale Betampona
21
49.203335
Commune Ambodirina
59
336
1
Toamasina
2005-10
MO, NY, TAN
M. Callmander & Buerki & Rakotovao & Joro & Jovazaha
Madagascar
1855
-14.221389
Mangindrano
21
49.063053
Sofia
59
336
1
Mahajanga
paratype
Between
Madagascar
Fianarantsoa
59
336
1
Fianarantsoa
paratype
1991-11-11
1991-11-15
1991-11-11
NY, MO
Malcomber
Madagascar
1100
-21.25
Parc National Ranomafana
1264
47.45
Ifanadiana
59
336
1
Fianarantsoa
paratype
2003-08-15
MO
Antilahimena
Madagascar
Analanjirofo
-15.283334
Ampokafo
1285
50.0
Maroantsetra
59
336
1
Toamasina
paratype
2007-05-21
MO, TAN, TEF, US
P. Antilahimena & F. Edmond & Tojoniaina
Madagascar
Alaotra-Mangoro
1221
-18.868334
Andasibe
21
48.303886
Moramanga
59
336
1
paratype
1993-01-27
2008-02-11
1993-01-27
MO, TAN, NY
R. Bernard & C. Birkinshaw & G. E. Schatz & W. D. Stevens & J. P. Rakotomazaza & T. Treuer & S. Federman & J. Sylvain
Madagascar
Analanjirofo
149
-17.923056
Antsakabary
21
49.19917
Befandriana Nord
59
336
1
paratype