Lasiopogon drabicolum Cole, 1916: 65
Lasiopogon drabicola Cole
Melander 1923: 137
Molecular phylogeny of the genus Lasiopogon (Diptera: Asilidae) and a taxonomic revision of the bivittatus section
Mcknight, Tristan A.
Cannings, Robert A.
Zootaxa
2020
2020-08-24
4835
1
1
115
88HK5
Cole
Cole
[151,503,1914,1941]
Insecta
Asilidae
Lasiopogon
Animalia
Diptera
53
54
Arthropoda
species
drabicolum
Lasiopogon drabicolum Cole, 1916: 65. Lasiopogon drabicolaCole; Melander 1923: 137. Unnecessary emendation.
Diagnosis. ( Fig. 31) A small to medium dusty grey species from southern and central California; mystax variable but usually partly to completely white; setae on scape and pedicel at least partly white; scutal macrosetae black, finer setae white at least medially; scutum tomentum grey to brown with dorsocentral and acrostichal stripes indistinct; tergites with faint patches of brown tomentum basally, but mostly greyish white; lateral setae on tergites white. Male terminalia cuticle reddish to dark brown with sparse setae; epandrium in dorsal view appears circular, evenly rounded from base to apex; gonostylus in lateral view flattened, longer than tall; phallus with dorsal carina flat, extended apically equidistant to gonopore like a rounded porpoise fin. Ovipositor dark brown/black; acanthophorite spines black.
Redescription. Body length ♂ 6.9–7.7mm; ♀ 8.1–9.2mm. Head. HW ♂ 1.62–1.78mm; ♀ 1.84–2.14mm. FW ♂ 0.32–0.37mm; ♀ 0.38–0.46mm. VW ♂ 0.64–0.68mm; ♀ 0.68–0.83mm. VW/HW = ♂0.36–0.40; ♀0.35–0.42. FW/VW = ♂0.50–0.54; ♀0.49–0.56. VD/VW = ♂0.12–0.19; ♀0.12–0.17. GH/GL = ♂0.36–0.46; ♀0.37–0.48. Face grey, vertex brown-grey; occiput grey. Ventral setae (on beard, labium, palps) white; occipital setae black; orbital and ocellar setae usually black, rarely white; mystax and frontal setae usually predominately white, but variable from completely white to mostly black with some ventral white setae. Occipital macrosetae relatively straight, longest (to 0.6mm) and most curved posterior corners of vertex; frontal and orbital setae relatively short, reaching base of postpedicel; ocellar setae also relatively short. Antennae. Dark brown, with thin grey tomentum. Setae mostly white, at most 2 brown macrosetae dorsally and 1 ventrally on pedicel; no setae on postpedicel. Postpedicel moderately long, dorsal and ventral margins straight; stylus moderately long. WPP/LPP = ♂0.26–0.33; ♀0.33–0.38. LAS/LPP ♂0.54–0.70; ♀0.56–0.72. Thorax. Prothorax grey, with white setae; postpronotal lobes grey, the lateral angle light chestnut, setae white. Scutum tomentum brown to grey; dorsocentral and acrostichal stripes slightly darker but indistinct. Fine notal setae usually white, sometimes black except anteromedially; macrosetae always black. Dorsocentral and lateral macrosetae well developed: anterior dorsocentrals 3–5 (to 0.8mm); posteriors 3–5; postalars 2, with 2–3 fine setae; supra-alars 2–3; presuturals 2–3; posthumerals 0–1. Scutellar tomentum greybrown; apical macrosetae black, 4–9 on each half; shorter setae pointing straight up white, about 60% the length of apical macrosetae. Pleural tomentum greyish brown. Katatergite setae black, 6–8, with a few shorter white setae, sometimes 1–2 white long macrosetae; katepisternal setae wispy, white; anepisternal setae 3–4, black (to 0.5mm), with short white setae along dorsal margin and a few in posteroventral corner; anepimeron with 2–3 short fine white setae. Legs. Cuticle dark brown/ black, covered in grey tomentum except at femur joints. No coxal peg. Coxae with white setae. Fine setae of femur and tibia white, on tarsi black; Macrosetae of femur and tibia white basoventrally, black dorsoapically; black (rarely white) on tarsi. Ventral setae on femur as long as or shorter than femur width; dorsolateral macrosetae on profemur 5–11, with many finer setae; on mesofemur 3–5; on metafemur 7–12. Protibia with ventral macrosetae 2–3 times longer than tibial width; faint patch of short yellow setae on apical half of protibial and brown setae on metatibia. Claws chestnut over basal 60%, apically black. Wings. Veins brown; membrane hyaline but brown when viewed obliquely. DCI = 0.30–0.47. Halter knob cream, without spot, stem light brown. Abdomen. Tergite cuticle dark brown/black. Apical bands of grey tomentum frequently weakly extend anteriorly along midline to divide basal brown tomentum into two lateral spots, but overall pattern weakly apparent and occasionally replaced by straight bands or totally grey (tergite 1 entirely covered in grey tomentum); lateral margin of tergites broadly grey. Tergite 1 with 0–4 brown and 2–7 white lateral macrosetae; lateral setae on tergites white, as long as halter on tergites 1–3, as long as scape + pedicel on tergites 4–7 inmale, as long as scape only in female; dorsal setulae very fine, white or pale brown in male; black in female. Sternite tomentum grey, setae white. Male genitalia. Epandrium and hypandrium/gonocoxite complex cuticle red/dark brown, thin grey tomentum on epandrium, hypandrium mostly bare; setae mostly black (a few white), moderately long and erect but sparse; setal brush dark brown. Epandrium elongate, in lateral view the width about 50% the length, widest in basal third, dorsal and ventral margins gently sinuate; apex rounded into strong ventral subapical tooth. In dorsal view, epandrium appears circular, evenly rounded from base to apex; medial margins moderately curved, curvature starts about 39% from base; basal sclerite prominent. Phallus paramere sheath dorsally 55% the length of phallus; paramere sheath without ventral ornamentation; dorsal carina flat, extended apically equal to gonopore like a rounded porpoise fin, leaving a broad gap between apices. Ejaculatory apodeme in lateral view strongly bent dorsally in basal quarter, with broad dorsal carina. Subepandrial sclerite with triangular central unsclerotized area in basal 71%; spines parallel-sided, blunt, sparsely but evenly distributed. Female genitalia. Undissected: Tergite 8 cuticle dark brown/black; sternite 8 dark brown/black basally, pale red-brown apically and at bases of hypogynial valves. Setae on segment 8 fine, white; cerci with white setae; a few short white setae on lateral lobes; acanthophorite spines black. Variation.Mystax, frontal, orbital, and antennal setal color vary greatly from all white to mostly black in this species, but this observed variation does not follow a geographic cline and frequently occurs within a single population.
Type Material. HOLOTYPE(examined) ♂labelled: “[rectangular beige label] Redlands,/ 1913 Cal.”; “[rectangular beige label] FRCole/ Coll”; “[rectangular beige label] Lasiopogon/ drabicola/ Cole”; “[rectangular red label] Type No./ 20183/ U.S.N.M.”; “[rectangular white label] USNMENT00972437”. USNM. PARATYPE( 1 specimenexamined): U.S.A.: CALIFORNIA: Riverside Co., La Quinta[ 33.643 -116.319], 14.iii.?, col. F.R. Cole( 1♀ USNM, USNMENT01100210[ allotype]). Other Material Examined( 273 specimens). [no loc], D. Martin( 1♂ FSCA); U.S.A.: CALIFORNIA:[county uncertain] Santa Ana Canyon, 11.iii.1934, M.W.Stone ( 1♀ CAS), Santa Ana Canyon, 21.iii.1934, M.W.Stone ( 1♂ 1♀ CAS); Los Angeles Co., Artesia[ 33.865 -118.103], 10.ii.1935, M.W.Stone ( 1♂ BEZA, 5♂ 4♀CAS, 1♂ ESUW), 27.iii.1934, M.W.Stone ( 1♀ BEZA, 13♂ 3♀CAS, 1♀ ESUW, 1♂ FISH, 2♂ 2♀ USNM, USNMENT1100212–USNMENT1100215); Burbank[ 34.171 -118.309], 23.iii.1933, C.H. Hicks( 1♂ 1♀ WSUC); El Monte[ 34.066 -118.004], 18.iii.1933, M.W.Stone ( 1♂ 2♀ CAS), [K.] Sloop& [ M.W.] Stone ( 1♂ CAS), 31.iii.1933, [K.] Sloop& [ M.W.] Stone ( 5♂ CAS, 1♂ 1♀ MCZ), 2.iii.1934, M.W.Stone ( 4♂ CAS, 1♂ FISH, 1♂ OSUC, OSUC 194420, 1♂ RBCM, 1♂ UCRC, UCRC ENT 449926), 17.ii.1935, M.W.Stone ( 16♂ 5♀ CAS, 1♀ RBCM, 2♀ UCRC, UCRC ENT 449924– UCRC ENT 449925); El Monte, San Gabriel Riverwash [ 34.066 -118.004], 2.iii.1934, M.W.Stone ( 8♂ 8♀ CAS, 1♂ 1♀CNC, 1♀ OSUC, OSUC 194423, 1♂ 1♀ RBCM, 2♂ 2♀ USNM, USNMENT1100206– USNMENT1100209); Napa Co., Monticello[ 38.578 -122.207], 16.iv.1952, E.I. Schlinger( 1♂ CAS), R.M. Bohart( 1♀ CAS); Samuel Springs[ 38.605 -122.311], 24.iii.1956, R.C. Bechtel( 1♂ 1♀[1 pr in cop] RBCM); OrangeCo., [no loc], 3.iii.1957, R. Swigart( 1♂ CAS); Anaheim[ 33.835 -117.863], 5.iii.1937, J. Wilcox( 3♂ 5♀ CAS), M.W.Stone ( 1♂ CAS); Riverside Co., Mira Loma[ 33.973 -117.511], 26.iii.1957, J. Wilcox( 1♀ CAS); Riverside[ 33.989 -117.393], 17.iii.1935, A.L. Melander( 1♂ 4♀ USNM, USNMENT1100216–USNMENT1100220), 23.iii.1941, Timberlake( 2♂ 5♀ UCRC, UCRC ENT 449928– UCRC ENT 449931, UCRC ENT 449937– UCRC ENT 449939), 6.iv.1941, Timberlake( 4♂ 2♀ UCRC, UCRC ENT 449932– UCRC ENT 449936, UCRC ENT 449940); Riverside, Santa Ana River[ 33.969 -117.426], 24.iii.1942( 2♂ 1♀ FSCA), C.H. Martin( 3♂ 6♀ FSCA), D. Martin( 4♂ FSCA, 1♀ RBCM), 12.iii.1944( 1♀ FSCA, 1♂ RBCM), C.H. Martin( 2♂ 5♀ FSCA), D. Martin( 1♀ FSCA), 11.iv.1964, M.E. Irwin( 1♂ UCRC, UCRC ENT 449944), 24.iii.1969, F.G. Andrews( 2♂ 1♀ UCRC, UCRC ENT 449941– UCRC ENT 449943); Santa Ana Riverat Mt. Rubidoux[ 33.98948 -117.39281], 4.iii.2013, T.A. McKnight( 1♂ 2♀[1 pr in cop] RBCM, 3♂ 2♀[1 pr in cop] TAM, 2♂ 2♀[3 EtOH] UMMZ); San Bernardino Co., South Fork[ 34.169 -116.826], 12.vii.1942, C.H. Martin( 2♂ 2♀ FSCA); San Diego Co., Warner Springs[ 33.281 -116.654], 23.v.1953, R. Mackie( 1♀ SDMC, SDNHM014871); San Luis Obispo Co., Paso Robles, Salinas RiverE side [ 35.642 -120.683], 17.iv.1990, D.W. Webb, M.E. Irwin( 1♂ 1♀ INHS); San Simeon Creek, rapids above bridge ~ 4 miE of San Simeon, 35.60795 -121.09053, 10.v.2012, T.A. McKnight( 1♀[1 EtOH] UMMZ); Simmler, 10 miW [ 35.387 -120.151], 5.v.1962, R.W. Thorp( 2♀ FISH); Ventura Co., Casitas Springs[ 34.372 -119.309], 20.iv.1979, R.P. Meyer( 2♀ BEZA); Moorpark[ 34.284 -118.856], 22.iv.1941, M.W.Stone ( 1♂ 3♀ CAS, 1♂ FISH); Ojai valley[ 34.439 -119.237], 6.iv.1941, J. Wilcox( 1♀ CAS); Piru Creek, NE base Alamo Mtn[ 34.703 -118.937], 3.v.1959, J. Powell( 1♀ FISH); Santa Ana Valley, 6.iv.1941, J. Wilcox( 13♂ 9♀ CAS, 1♀ FISH, 1♂ RBCM); Sespe River[ 34.492 -118.945], 6.v.1942, M.W.Stone ( 3♂ 3♀ CAS); Yolo Co., Davis[ 38.5177 -121.7696], 17.iv.1952, R.C. Bechtel( 1♂ 1♀ CAS), 2.iv.1952,A.T. McClay( 2♂ CAS), E.I. Schlinger( 2♂ 1♀ CAS, 1♀ RBCM), 22.iv.1959, J.R. Powers( 1♀ FISH), 27.iv.1951, R.C. Bechtel( 1♂ 1♀ FISH), 6.iv.1951, R.C. Bechtel( 2♂ CAS, 1♂ FISH, 1♂ 1♀[1 pr in cop] FSCA), 7.iv.1956, W.H. Lange( 1♂ 1♀[1 pr in cop] CAS, 1♂ 1♀ ESUW, 2♂ 3♀ FSCA), 7.v.1961, V.L. Vesterby( 1♂ BEZA), 8.iii.1960, F.D. Parker( 1♀ CAS); Putah Canyon[ 38.514 - 122.072], 21.iv.1949, H.E. Cott( 2♀ LACM, LACM ENT 334039– LACM ENT 334040), 15.iv.1952, A.T. McClay( 1♀ FISH), S. Miyagawa( 1♂ FSCA), 2.iv.1954, R.C. Bechtel( 1♂ CAS, 1♂ 1♀[1 pr in cop] FSCA, 1♂ RBCM), 20.iii.1951, A.T. McClay( 1♂ CAS), R.M. Bohart( 1♀ CAS, 1♂ FSCA), 24.iii.1951, R.C. Bechtel( 1♂ FSCA), 25.iii.1951, E.J. Taylor( 1♂ RBCM). Taxonomic Notes.Cole’s original description used the spelling “drabicolum”, but most subsequent authorsincluding Cole in his later publications—have used the corrected Latinization “drabicola” undoubtedly because that is the actual masculine form for names ending in ‘-cola’. However, this change does not appear to be compliant with the modern ICZN Code. The first published usage of “drabicola” was by Melander (1923), but the first usage that was a demonstrably intentional change in the sense of article 33.2.1 was by Cole & Wilcox (1938), who cited both spellings. Unfortunately, incorrect Latinization does not count as an “inadvertent error” that must be corrected according to the Code (article 32.5.1), so this emendation is unjustified (article 33.2.3). Furthermore, we do not judge that “drabicola” meets the prevailing usage standard to override this rule as in article 33.2.3.1. Most notably, the high-profile monograph “ Robber Fliesof the World” ( Hull 1962) used “drabicolum” and is still a routinely consulted reference, and we have encountered several museum collections using this spelling. The Code’s definition of “prevailing usage” is vague (and only the glossary definition applies for questions of spelling), but “drabicola” would not meet the standard suggested for evaluating prevailing usage for synonyms and homonyms (Code Introduction clause 11). Thus, our recommedation is that the name should revert to the original spelling “drabicolum”. Several cryptic new species in Californiahave historically been identified as this species, including L. apoecus sp. nov., L. esau sp. nov., and L. nelsoni sp. nov.
Etymology.No explanation given in the original description, but the description mentions that the flies “were collected on wild flowers” and the name was evidently derived from the Latin “draba” = mustard plant, “cola” = dweller of.
Distribution.( Fig. 37) Nearctic, U.S.A., southern and central California. Typelocality: U.S.A., California, San Bernardino Co., Redlands. Phylogenetic Relationships.Member of the bivittatus section, drabicolumgroup. Likely closely related to L. esauand L. nelsoni. Natural History.Habitat: mountain and lowland river banks. Despite Cole’s remarks about collecting this species on flowers, we have only ever encountered it perching on patches of bare sand interspersed with vegetation or rocks along riverbanks < 1–20 mfrom the water ( Fig. 21). Specimens recorded between 10 February to 12 July, most in March and April. Two males and two females with prey: 3 small Scarabaeidae( Coleopterac.f. Aphodiinae, see Fig. 4) and Muscidaec.f. PhaoniaRobineau-Desvoidy (Diptera). Broadly sympatric and occasionally found flying simultaneously with L. nelsoni, but perching habit may help distinguish these taxa, as L. drabicolumtends to perch on sand and L. nelsonion rocks.
3022619795
USNM
United States of America
U. S.
55
56
1
1
holotype
3022619456
USNM
La Quinta & F. R. Cole
United States of America
Riverside Co.
33.643
La Quinta
72
-116.319
55
56
USNMENT01100210
2
1
California
paratype
3022619503
[712,1063,438,465]
FSCA
Martin
55
56
1
1
3022620293
1934-03-11
CAS
D.M. Wood
United States of America
Santa Ana Canyon
55
56
1
1
California
3022619688
1934-03-21
CAS
D.M. Wood
United States of America
Santa Ana Canyon
55
56
2
1
1
California
3022620202
1934-03-27
1935-02-10
1934-03-27
BEZA, ESUW, FISH, USNM
D.M. Wood
United States of America
Los Angeles Co.
33.865
Artesia
72
-118.103
55
56
34
11
23
California
3022619335
[601,1397,582,609]
1933-03-23
WSUC
Hicks
United States of America
34.171
Burbank
72
-118.309
55
56
2
1
1
California
3022619801
1933-03-18
CAS
D.M. Wood
United States of America
34.066
El Monte
72
-118.004
55
56
3
2
1
California
3022619441
[878,1298,618,645]
CAS
Sloop & D.M. Wood
United States of America
55
56
1
1
California
3022619575
1933-03-31
1935-02-17
1933-03-31
CAS, MCZ, FISH, OSUC, RBCM, UCRC
D.M. Wood
United States of America
Sloop
55
56
OSUC 194420, ENT 449926, ENT 449924, ENT 449925
39
9
30
California
3022619485
1934-03-02
CAS, OSUC, RBCM, USNM
D.M. Wood
United States of America
34.066
San Gabriel River
72
-118.004
El Monte
55
56
OSUC 194423, USNMENT1100206, USNMENT1100209
25
13
12
California
3022619400
1952-04-16
CAS
Schlinger
United States of America
Napa Co.
38.578
Monticello
70
-122.207
55
56
1
1
California
3022619330
[282,551,835,861]
CAS
Bohart
United States of America
55
56
1
1
California
3022619450
1956-03-24
RBCM
Bechtel
United States of America
38.605
Samuel Springs
70
-122.311
55
56
2
1
1
California
3022619899
[317,952,870,897]
1957-03-03
CAS
Swigart
United States of America
Orange Co.
Orange Co.
55
56
1
1
California
3022620275
1937-03-05
CAS
Wilcox
United States of America
33.835
Anaheim
72
-117.863
55
56
8
5
3
California
3022620084
[408,665,907,933]
CAS
D.M. Wood
United States of America
55
56
1
1
California
3022619813
1957-03-26
CAS
Wilcox
United States of America
Riverside Co.
33.973
Mira Loma
72
-117.511
55
56
1
1
California
3022620248
1935-03-17
1941-04-06
1935-03-17
USNM, UCRC
Melander & Timberlake
United States of America
33.989
Riverside
72
-117.393
55
56
USNMENT1100216, ENT 449928, ENT 449931, ENT 449937, ENT 449939, ENT 449932, ENT 449936, ENT 449940
18
11
7
California
3022620136
[404,1237,1050,1077]
1942-03-24
FSCA
United States of America
33.969
Santa Ana River
72
-117.426
Riverside
55
56
3
1
2
California
3022619803
FSCA
Martin
United States of America
55
56
9
6
3
California
3022619838
[289,1432,1086,1113]
1944-03-12
FSCA, RBCM
Martin & C. H. Martin
United States of America
55
56
14
7
7
California
3022619790
[151,408,1123,1149]
FSCA
Martin
United States of America
55
56
1
1
California
3022619525
1964-04-11
1969-03-24
1964-04-11
UCRC
Irwin & Andrews
United States of America
55
56
ENT 449944, ENT 449941, ENT 449943
4
1
3
California
3022620159
2013-03-04
RBCM, TAM, UMMZ
McKnight
United States of America
33.98948
Mt. Rubidoux
1
-117.39281
Santa Ana River
55
56
12
6
6
California
3022619645
1942-07-12
FSCA
Martin
United States of America
San Bernardino Co.
34.169
South Fork
72
-116.826
55
56
4
2
2
California
3022620242
1953-05-23
SDMC
Mackie
United States of America
San Diego Co.
33.281
Warner Springs
72
-116.654
55
56
SDNHM014871
1
1
California
3022619512
1990-04-17
INHS
Webb & Irwin
United States of America
San Luis Obispo Co.
35.642
Salinas River
71
-120.683
Paso Robles
55
56
2
1
1
California
3022620024
2012-05-10
UMMZ
McKnight
United States of America
35.60795
San Simeon Creek
1
-121.09053
55
56
1
1
California
3022619716
[264,1085,1374,1401]
1962-05-05
FISH
Thorp
United States of America
35.387
Simmler
71
-120.151
55
56
2
2
California
3022619493
1979-04-20
BEZA
Meyer
United States of America
Ventura Co.
34.372
Casitas Springs
71
-119.309
55
56
2
2
California
3022619327
1941-04-22
CAS, FISH
D.M. Wood
United States of America
34.284
Moorpark
71
-118.856
55
56
5
3
2
California
3022619329
[396,1105,1446,1473]
1941-04-06
CAS
Wilcox
United States of America
34.439
Ojai valley
71
-119.237
55
56
1
1
California
3022619421
1959-05-03
FISH
Powell
United States of America
34.703
Alamo Mtn
71
-118.937
Piru Creek
55
56
1
1
California
3022619791
1941-04-06
CAS, FISH, RBCM
Wilcox
United States of America
Santa Ana Valley
55
56
24
10
14
California
3022620165
[372,1138,1518,1545]
1942-05-06
CAS
D.M. Wood
United States of America
34.492
Sespe River
71
-118.945
55
56
6
3
3
California
3022619958
1952-04-17
CAS
Bechtel
United States of America
Yolo Co.
38.5177
Davis
6
-121.7696
55
56
2
1
1
California
3022619669
[733,1115,1554,1581]
1952-04-02
CAS
McClay
United States of America
55
56
2
2
California
3022620090
1959-04-22
CAS, RBCM, FISH
Schlinger & J. R. Powers
United States of America
55
56
5
3
2
California
3022619846
[709,1161,1590,1617]
1951-04-27
FISH
Bechtel
United States of America
55
56
2
1
1
California
3022620162
1951-04-06
1961-05-07
1951-04-06
CAS, FISH, FSCA, ESUW, BEZA
R. C. Bechtel & W. H. Lange & Vesterby
United States of America
55
56
15
6
9
California
3022619938
[764,1148,1663,1689]
1960-03-08
CAS
Parker
United States of America
55
56
1
1
California
3022620075
1949-04-21
1952-04-15
1949-04-21
LACM, FISH
Cott & McClay
United States of America
38.514
Putah Canyon
70
-122.072
55
56
ENT 334039, ENT 334040
3
3
California
3022619761
[287,577,1735,1761]
FSCA
Miyagawa
United States of America
55
56
1
1
California
3022619711
1951-03-20
1954-04-02
1951-03-20
CAS, FSCA, RBCM
Bechtel & A. T. McClay
United States of America
55
56
5
1
4
California
3022619940
[582,1432,1770,1797]
1951-03-24
CAS, FSCA
Bohart & Bechtel
United States of America
55
56
3
1
2
California
3022619774
[151,560,1806,1833]
1951-03-25
RBCM
Taylor
United States of America
55
56
1
1
California