Ephydra aquila Fallén 1813: 247 Parydra bituberculata Loew 1862: 165–166 Parydra nitida Cresson 1915: 70 Parydra tibialis Cresson 1916: 150–151 Parydra papulata Cresson 1949: 247 Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan Stuke, Jens-Hermann Zootaxa 2025 2025-08-26 5686 1 49 105 8D7MM (Fallen, 1813) Fallen 1813 [151,636,1176,1204] Insecta Ephydridae Parydra Animalia Diptera 2 51 Arthropoda species aquila Parydra  ( Figs. 1, 26–29)      Ephydra aquila Fallén 1813: 247; locus typicus not given [“ Sverige“]; lectotype ♀, des. by Clausen & Cook (1971)[NHRS, Clausen & Cook 1971].     Parydra bituberculata Loew 1862: 165–166; type-locality: „Middle States“; lectotype ♂, des. by Cresson (1949)[MCZ, Cresson 1949]; synonymy by Clausen & Cook (1971).     Parydra nitida Cresson 1915: 70; type-locality: „Potlatch, Idaho“; holotype ♂[ANSP, Cresson 1915]; synonymy by Clausen & Cook (1971).     Parydra tibialis Cresson 1916: 150–151; type-locality: „Oak Creek Canyon, Arizona, 6000 ft.alt.“; holotype ♂[KSUC, Cresson 1916]; synonymy by Clausen & Cook (1971).     Parydra papulata Cresson 1949: 247; type-locality: „Friday Harbor, Washington“; holotype ♂[ANSP, Cresson 1949]; synonymy by Clausen & Cook (1971).   Additional material examined:  455 specimensfrom Finland, Germany, Greece, Italy, Portugaland European Russiaincluding new country records for Croatia and Georgia: CROATIA:  1♀,  24.vi.2017, fishponds 1.5 kmne Stražanac[ 45.635°N 17.097°E];  1♀,  25.vi.2017, fishponds 2 kms Oriovac[ 45.147°N 17.747°E];  4♂♂ 3♀♀,  24.vi.2017, fishponds Ripnjaci[ 45.521°N 16.936°E];  6♂♂ 1♀,  27.vi.2017, floodplain Danube 0.6 kms Podunavlje[ 45.625°N 18.813°E];  1♂,  27.vi.2017, floodplain Danube 1 kmse Tikveš[ 45.668°N 18.853°E];  1♂ 1♀,  27.vi.2017, floodplain Danube 1.5 kmne Kopačevo[ 45.612°N 18.800°E];  3♂♂ 1♀,  26.vi.2017, floodplain Drava 3 kmn Petrijevci[ 45.638°N 18.542°E];  3♀♀,  26.vi.2017, floodplain Dravan Bistrinci[ 45.699°N 18.393°E];  2♂♂ 3♀♀,  26.vi.2017, floodplain Dravane Nard[ 45.664°N 18.486°E];  1♀,  25.vi.2017, floodplain Sava 3 kmne Zbjeg[ 45.090°N 17.931°E];  1♀,  4.vii.2018, Krkan Lozovac[ 43.802°N 15.966°E];  1♀,  22.vi.2017, Piljenice[ 45.435°N 16.856°E];  1♂,  19.vii.2018, Šarena Jezeronear Knin[ 44.027°N 16.223°E];  4♂♂ 1♀,  26.vi.2017, small river 5.2 kmsse Lacići[ 45.590°N 18.235°E]; GEORGIA:  1♂,  30.vi.2019, 1.4 kmwsw Ilmazlo[ 41.424°N 45.008°E];  2♀♀,  13.vii.2019, Algeti rivern Partskhisi[ 41.579°N 44.567°E];  1♀,  13.vii.2019, Chrami rivern Tikilisa[ 41.597°N 43.960°E];  1♂ 1♀,  30.vi.2019, Debeda rivern Khanji-Gazlo[ 41.357°N 45.005°E];  1♂,  30.vi.2019, Debeda rivern Kirach-Mughanlo[ 41.340°N 45.051°E];  5♂♂ 1♀,  30.vi.2019, Debeda riverw Didi Mughanlo[ 41.389°N 44.943°E];  2♂♂,  1.vii.2019, Iori river 8.5 kmse Sagaredscho[ 41.668°N 45.388°E];  1♂,  2.vii.2019, Jandarareservoir 2.8 kmse Mzianeti[ 41.451°N 45.212°E];  2♂♂,  11.vii.2019, Kirkhbulaki rivere Qulalisi[ 41.327°N 43.484°E];  1♂ 2♀♀,  8.vii.2019, Kura river 1.5 kmw Khtsisi[ 41.980°N 43.655°E];  1♀,  30.vi.2019, Kura river 1.6 kme Ilmazo[ 41.428°N 45.043°E];  1♂,  29.vi.2019, Kura river 2 kms Karajalari[ 41.599°N 44.960°E];  3♂♂,  30.vi.2019, Kura river2.0 km ese Ilmazo[ 41.420°N 45.044°E];  1♀,  9.vii.2019, Kura river 2.3 kmnne Teliani[ 41.948°N 44.282°E];  1♀,  8.vii.2019, Kura rivern Akhalsheni[ 42.005°N 43.723°E];  3♂♂ 2♀♀,  8.vii.2019, Kura rivernw Akhalsopeli[ 42.013°N 43.765°E];  2♂♂ 2♀♀,  29.vi.2019, Kura river, Rustawi[ 41.551°N 45.010°E];  2♂♂,  29.vi.2019, Kura valley 2.7 kmw Akhalsheni[ 41.484°N 45.034°E];  1♂,  11.vii.2019, lake Kartsakhiwsw Kartsakhi[ 41.236°N 43.249°E];  2♀♀,  10.vii.2019, lake Nadarbazevis[ 41.999°N 44.287°E];  1♀,  2.vii.2019, Mariini Canal 3.4 kmn Jandari[ 41.473°N 45.167°E];  1♂,  12.vii.2019, Saghamo lakese banks [ 41.297°N 43.754°E];  1♀,  10.vii.2019, small lake 2.2 kmene Imera[ 41.650°N 44.215°E];  1♂,  8.vii.2019, Soramula river 1.7 kmene Agara[ 42.047°N 43.841°E].   FIGURE 1.Habitus of  Parydra aquila(Fallén).  Diagnosis: A large species with short and inconspicuous setae and setulae and hardly any wing colouration ( Fig. 1). The small wart like protuberances at the base of medial scutellar seta, hind tibia with silver-white dusting apically and basally, distinct contrast between subshining dorsal and densely dusted ventral face, high and broad phallus in lateral view ( Fig. 28), postgonite broad based and S-shaped in dorsal view ( Fig. 26) are each unique within European  Parydra.   FIGURE 2.Habitus of  Parydra arcticaClausen & Cook.  Distribution in Europe: A common species distributed widely across Europe. Its absence from some of the larger islands including Iceland, the Canary Islands, Mallorca and Sardinia might be due to their lack of suitable habitats.  Parydra aquilahas been recorded from northern Finlandup to 66°N( GBIF 2024) which may represent the northern limit of its distribution within Europe. Outside Europe  P. aquilaoccurs in Morocco( Vitte 1991), in Asia north to Japan( Krivosheina 1995,  Miyagi1977as  bituberculata) and is widely distributed in America north of 30°N( Clausen & Cook 1971).  Biology: An aquatic to semiaquatic species reaching its highest populational density in detritus rich inland habitats. Adults are found from March to October and the species is polyvoltine at least in central and south Europe.  Stigmatomyces parydraeThaxter, 1917has been reported to grow on  P. aquila(Santamaría & Rossi 1998). The larva and puparium are described by Krivosheina (1987). Larvae live within detritus or among organic material. Their exact diet is unknown. Croatia European Russia Greece Portugal 2 51 455 2017-06-24 Croatia 45.635 Strazanac 67 17.097 2 51 1 1 [411,1156,1694,1721] 2017-06-25 Croatia 45.147 Oriovac 67 17.747 2 51 1 1 2017-06-24 Croatia 45.521 Ripnjaci 67 16.936 2 51 7 3 4 2017-06-27 Croatia 45.625 Danube 67 18.813 Podunavlje 2 51 7 1 6 [280,1089,1766,1793] 2017-06-27 Croatia 45.668 Danube 67 18.853 Tikves 2 51 1 1 2017-06-27 Croatia 45.612 Danube 67 18.8 Kopacevo 2 51 2 1 1 2017-06-26 Croatia 45.638 Drava 67 18.542 Petrijevci 2 51 4 1 3 [404,1167,1838,1865] 2017-06-26 Croatia 45.699 Drava 67 18.393 Bistrinci 2 51 3 3 2017-06-26 Croatia 45.664 Drava 67 18.486 Nard 2 51 5 3 2 2017-06-25 Croatia 45.09 Sava 67 17.931 Zbjeg 2 51 1 1 [281,889,1910,1937] 2018-07-04 Croatia 43.802 Krka 68 15.966 Lozovac 2 51 1 1 [900,1432,1910,1937] 2017-06-22 Croatia 45.435 Piljenice 67 16.856 2 51 1 1 [151,861,1947,1975] 2018-07-19 Croatia 44.027 Sarena Jezero 68 16.223 Knin 2 51 1 1 2017-06-26 Georgia 45.59 Lacici 67 18.235 2 51 5 1 4 [549,1219,1982,2009] 2019-06-30 Georgia 41.424 Ilmazlo 69 45.008 2 51 1 1 2019-07-13 Georgia 3 52 41.579 Algeti river 69 44.567 Partskhisi 2 51 2 2 [706,1432,150,177] 2019-07-13 Georgia 41.597 Chrami river 69 43.96 Tikilisa 3 52 1 1 [151,970,186,213] 2019-06-30 Georgia 41.357 Debeda river 69 45.005 Khanji-Gazlo 3 52 2 1 1 2019-06-30 Georgia 41.34 Debeda river 69 45.051 Kirach-Mughanlo 3 52 1 1 [542,1432,222,249] 2019-06-30 Georgia 41.389 Debeda river 69 44.943 Didi Mughanlo 3 52 6 1 5 [151,996,258,285] 2019-07-01 Georgia 41.668 Iori river 69 45.388 Sagaredscho 3 52 2 2 2019-07-02 Georgia 41.451 Jandara 69 45.212 Mzianeti 3 52 1 1 [598,1388,295,321] 2019-07-11 Georgia 41.327 Kirkhbulaki river 69 43.484 Qulalisi 3 52 2 2 2019-07-08 Georgia 41.98 Kura river 69 43.655 Khtsisi 3 52 3 2 1 2019-06-30 Georgia 41.428 Kura river 69 45.043 Ilmazo 3 52 1 1 [407,1163,366,393] 2019-06-29 Georgia 41.599 Kura river 69 44.96 Karajalari 3 52 1 1 2019-06-30 Georgia 41.42 Kura river 69 45.044 Ilmazo 3 52 3 3 [676,1432,403,429] 2019-07-09 Georgia 41.948 Kura river 69 44.282 Teliani 3 52 1 1 [151,857,438,465] 2019-07-08 Georgia 42.005 Kura river 69 43.723 Akhalsheni 3 52 1 1 2019-07-08 Georgia 42.013 Kura river 69 43.765 Akhalsopeli 3 52 5 2 3 [409,1160,474,501] 2019-06-29 Georgia 41.551 Kura river 69 45.01 Rustawi 3 52 4 2 2 2019-06-29 Georgia 41.484 Kura valley 69 45.034 Akhalsheni 3 52 2 2 2019-07-11 Georgia 41.236 lake Kartsakhi 69 43.249 Kartsakhi 3 52 1 1 [284,966,547,573] 2019-07-10 Georgia 41.999 lake Nadarbazevis 69 44.287 3 52 2 2 2019-07-02 Georgia 41.473 Mariini Canal 69 45.167 Jandari 3 52 1 1 [505,1234,582,609] 2019-07-12 Georgia 41.297 Saghamo lake 69 43.754 3 52 1 1 2019-07-10 Georgia 41.65 Imera 69 44.215 3 52 1 1 2019-07-08 Georgia 42.047 Soramula river 69 43.841 Agara 3 52 1 1