Diplomphalus Crosse & Fischer, 1872: 288 Helix cabriti Gassies, 1863 Helix mariei Crosse, 1867a: 211 Crosse 1867b: 312 Gassies 1871: 38 Diplomphalus mariei Crosse & Fischer 1873: 23 Tryon 1885: 113 Kobelt 1904: 88 Franc 1957: 178 Helix seberti Marie, 1881: 241 Diplomphalus ( Diplomphalus ) mariei Crosse 1895: 175 Diplomphalus ( Diplomphalus ) seberti Crosse 1895: 177 Diplomphalus seberti Kobelt 1904: 89 Franc 1957: 177 Diplomphalus fischeri Franc, 1953: 81 Helix seberti Marie, 1881 Diplomphalus fischeri Franc, 1953 Diplomphalus mariei Diplomphalus solidula Tryon, 1885 Diplomphalus mariei Crosse 1874: 387 Diplomphalus mariei var. solidula Tryon, 1885: 114 Crosse 1874: 387 Diplomphalus ( Diplomphalus ) mariei Crosse 1895: 175 Diplomphalus ( Diplomphalus ) mariei Crosse 1895: 176 Diplomphalus mariei var. solidula Kobelt 1904: 89 Diplomphalus mariei Franc 1957: 178 Diplomphalus vaysseti Franc 1957: 177 Diplomphalus vaysseti ( Marie, 1871 ) Helix volutella Gassies, 1858: 70 Helix Cabriti Gassies 1863: 21 Helix cabriti Crosse 1867b: 315 Helix vaysseti Marie, 1871: 325 Diplomphalus cabriti Crosse & Fischer 1873: 22 Kobelt 1904: 87 Franc 1957: 176 Diplomphalus vaysseti Crosse & Fischer 1873: 23 Crosse 1874: 388 Tryon 1885: 113 Kobelt 1904: 89 Franc 1957: 177 Helix vaysseti Gassies 1880: 33 Diplomphalus ( Diplomphalus ) cabriti Crosse 1895: 173 Diplomphalus ( Diplomphalus ) vaysseti Crosse 1895: 176 Diplomphalus cabriti ( Gassies, 1863 ) Helix cabriti Gassies, 1863: 21 Crosse 1867b: 315 Gassies 1871: 38 Fischer 1873: 9 Diplomphalus cabriti Crosse & Fischer 1872: 288 Crosse & Fischer 1873: 22 Tryon 1885: 113 Kobelt 1904: 87 Franc 1957: 176 Schileyko 2000: 752 Diplomphalus ( Diplomphalus ) cabriti Crosse 1895: 173 Wenz & Zilch 1960: 551 Diplomphalus montrouzieri ( Souverbie, 1858 ) Helix montrouzieri Souverbie, 1858: 63 Fischer 1858: 296 Gassies 1863: 20 Gassies 1871: 38 Diplomphalus montrouzieri Crosse & Fischer 1873: 23 Tryon 1885: 113 Kobelt 1904: 87 Franc 1957: 177 Diplomphalus ( Diplomphalus ) montrouzieri Crosse 1895: 175 Revision of the endemic genera Diplomphalus and Pseudomphalus from New Caledonia (Gastropoda, Rhytididae) Hausdorf, Bernhard Zoosystema 2013 2013-03-29 35 1 69 88 7P32J Crosse & Fischer, 1872 Crosse & Fischer 1872 [779,1184,1515,1541] Gastropoda Rhytididae Diplomphalus GBIF Animalia Stylommatophora 1 70 Mollusca genus      Diplomphalus Crosse & Fischer, 1872: 288. Typespecies (by monotypy):  Helix cabriti Gassies, 1863.  DIAGNOSIS. —  Diplomphalusis characterised by a small (4.4-9.0 mm) biconcave shell with a deeply sunken spire, Revision of  Diplomphalusand  Pseudomphalus( Gastropoda, Rhytididae) from New Caledonia  FIG. 1. — Distribution of  Diplomphalus mariei(Crosse, 1867)(5’ grid). tightly coiled whorls with an edge at the upper and the basal side and a very wide umbilicus.   Diplomphalus mariei(Crosse, 1867)( Figs 1; 2; 3A; 4A, B; 5; 6A, B)      Helix mariei Crosse, 1867a: 211; typelocality: “Koe in vicinio urbis Noumea dictae, Novae-Caledonidae humi sub arbore reperta”, New Caledonia. —  Crosse 1867b: 312, pl. 11 fig. 1. —  Gassies 1871: 38, pl. 1 fig. 5.    Diplomphalus mariei–  Crosse & Fischer 1873: 23. —  Tryon 1885: 113, pl. 25, figs 6, 7 (in part). —  Kobelt 1904: 88, pl. 14 figs 3-5 (in part). —  Franc 1957: 178, pl. 23, fig. 236 (in part).     Helix seberti Marie, 1881: 241;  typelocality: “ Kanala ”, New Caledonia. N. syn .    Diplomphalus( Diplomphalus) mariei–  Crosse 1895: 175(in part).    Diplomphalus( Diplomphalus) seberti–  Crosse 1895: 177, pl. 8, fig. 1.    Diplomphalus seberti–  Kobelt 1904: 89, pl. 14, figs 9-11.  Franc 1957: 177, pl. 23, fig. 234.     Diplomphalus fischeri Franc, 1953: 81, fig. 1;  typelocality: “ Nouvelle-Calédonie”; 1957: 178, pl. 23, fig. 237. N. syn.   TYPE MATERIAL. —  H. mariei: Koé, 22°08’S, 166°28’E, 3 possible syntypes( NHMUK1883.11.10.842-844);   H. seberti: Canala, 3 syntypes( MNHN; see also Crosse 1895: 177, pl. 8, fig. 1);   D. fischeri: New Caledonia, many syntypes( MNHN 22960-22962; see also Franc 1957: 178, pl. 23, fig. 237).  OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. — New Caledonia( FMNH 36988; MNHN, among others voucher specimens to Franc 1957: 177, pl. 22, fig. 235 and p. 178, pl. 23, fig. 236; RBINS);  Forêt Plate,  540 malt., 21°08’57”S, 165°06’23”E( MNHN);  Mt. Kopeto,  800 malt., 21°10’39”S, 165°00’38”E( MNHN);  Adio, valley,  180 malt., 21°14’44”S, 165°14’46”E( MNHN);  Adio, caves, 21°15’36”S, 165°14’18”E( MNHN);  Barrage de la Neaoua(Ouen Sieu),  500 malt., 21°21’57”S, 165°32’35”E( MNHN; ZMH79086);  Bogui,  150 malt., 21°23’21”S, 165°26’30”E( MNHN);  Mines Emma-Pinpin,  50 malt., 21°23’54”S, 165°16’51”E( MNHN);  Col des Roussettes,  200 malt., 21°24’53”S, 165°26’44”E( MNHN);  Col des Roussettes,  270 malt., 21°24’53”S, 165°26’44”E( MNHN);  Col des Roussettes, E side, Bourail-Houailou,  365 malt. ( FMNH 158377);  Bogui-Col des Roussettes,  270 malt., 21°24’55”S, 165°26’49”E( MNHN);  Mé Aiu,  730 malt., 21°29’15”S, 165°51’00”E( MNHN);  Koh,  150 malt., 21°32’00”S, 165°48’50”E( MNHN);  Canala, 21°32’S, 165°57’E( FMNH 73942, 110159; MNHN; RBINS);  Mé Ori,  530 malt., 21°32’18”S, 165°40’22”E( MNHN);  Gelima, Caférie,  80 malt., 21°32’24”S, 165°58’36”E( MNHN);  Mé Ori,  530 malt., 21°32’37”S, 165°40’21”E( MNHN);  Table-Unio,  850-1000 malt., 21°33’36”S, 165°45’55”E( MNHN);  Bourail, 21°34’S, 165°29’E( FMNH 72860);  1.5 kminland from Pierced Rock,  8 kmW of Bourail,  60 malt. ( FMNH 158347);  Dothio-Col de Pétchékara,  340 malt., 21°34’32”S, 166°06’32”E( MNHN);  Col de Pétchékara,  450 malt., 21°34’41”S, 166°05’48”E( MNHN); Oua- Oué,  50 malt., 21°37’00”S, 165°35’07”E( MNHN);  Col d’Amieu, summit, La Foa-Canalahighway,  500 malt., 21°37’S, 165°49’E( FMNH 158417, 158428);  Nakada,  500 malt., 21°38’57”S, 166°03’08”E( MNHN);  Farino, 21°40’S, 165°46’E( RBINS);  Fonwhary, 21°41’S, 165°47’E( RBINS);  Mine de Moindou, 21°42’S, 165°41’E( FMNH 110158; RBINS);  Mt. Ningua,  1000 malt., 21°44’24”S, 166°09’03”E( MNHN);  Col de Nassirah,  250 malt., 21°46’44”S, 166°04’14”E( MNHN);  Oua-Tom,  130 malt., 21°47’15”S, 165°54’00”E( MNHN);  Oua Tom,  20 kmN of Boulouparis, gully,  60 malt., 21°48’S, 165°54’E( FMNH 158400, 158411in part);  Mont Mou,  400 malt., 22°04’28”S, 166°19’46”E( MNHN);  Col de la Pirogue, Mont Mou,  450 malt., 22°05’S, 166°20’E” ( FMNH 144255);  Monts des Koghis,  18 kmN of Nouméa,  450 malt. ( FMNH 158280);  Nouméa, 22°16’S, 166°27’E( MNHN).  DISTRIBUTION ( FIG. 1). —  Diplomphalus marieiis restricted to the central part of New Caledonia. Its range overlaps those of  D. solidula Tryon, 1885and  D. vaysseti( Marie, 1871), demonstrating that it is specifically distinct from these species. At some localities it has been found even syntopically with  D. vaysseti. There is an old sample that is allegedly from Ouégoa (RBINS) in the northern part of the main island of New Caledoniawhere  D. marieihas not been found for more than a century, although several expeditions have collected there.  DIAGNOSIS. —  Diplomphalus marieidiffers from  D. solidulaand  D. vayssetiin a usually broader aperture (da/ha = 0.6-1.7 in  D. mariei, 0.5-0.7 in  D. solidula, 0.4-0.8 in  D. vaysseti) and a callus forming an arcuate lamella projecting from the body whorl. The whorls of  D. marieiinsert basally close to the edge of the previous whorl, whereas the whorls of  D. solidulaand  D. vayssetiinsert basally farther outside (and thus below) the edge of the previous whorl. Therefore the umbilical concavity of  D. solidulaand  D. vayssetiis more stepped than that of  D. mariei.  DESCRIPTION Shell ( Fig. 2; 3A; Table 1) biconcave; spire deeply sunken, with 6.75-7 whorls with an edge at upper side, which can be compressed to form a keel, and an edge at basal side; protoconch initially smooth, then with microscopic spiral striae; teleoconch with moderately coarse, regular ribs (20-42 per quarter on upper side of body whorl) at upper and basal side that can split into 2 finer ribs at outer side of whorls between upper and lower edge and microscopic spiral threads; brownishcorneous with reddish-brown diagonal stripes; aperture pear-shaped, wider below than above; upper insertion of peristome distinctly descending towards aperture; peristome expanded, slightly reflexed, slightly thickened; insertions of peristome connected by a strong callus forming an arcuate lamella that projects from body whorl, especially in its middle; aperture without lamellae or folds; umbilicus wide. Genitalia ( Fig. 4A, B). Specimens from Col de Pétchékara and Col de Nassirah were examined. The genital pore is situated just posterior to the right ommatophore. The genitalia run to the right of the right ommatophoral retractor.Penis long and slightly broadened near the subterminal insertion of the vas deferens. There are straight longitudinal pilasters in proximal part of penis. Two strong longitudinal pilasters form a U-shaped structure. Opposite of the longitudinal pilasters, the penial wall is sculptured by wavy transversal pilasters. The narrow distal part of penis is sculptured with longitudinal pilasters. Penial retractor inserting terminally at penis and at diaphragm. Vas deferens divided in thin distal section running along penis towards atrium and thicker proximal section along vagina and free oviduct. Vagina shorter than free oviduct. Oviduct consisting of short narrower distal section and broader, longer glandular proximal section. Reservoir of bursa copulatrix only slightly broadened.  FIG. 2.—  Diplomphalusspp.,shells: A,  Diplomphalus mariei(Crosse,1867),New Caledonia:Koé (possible syntype of  H.mariei, NHMUK1883.11.10.842-844); B,  Diplomphalus mariei, New Caledonia: Canala (syntype of  H. seberti, MNHN); C,  Diplomphalus mariei, New Caledonia (syntype of  D. fischeri, MNHN22960). Scale bar: 1.0 mm.  FIG. 3. —  Diplomphalusand  Pseudomphalusspp., protoconch: A,  Diplomphalus mariei(Crosse, 1867), New Caledonia: Oua-Tom (MNHN); B,  Pseudomphalus megei(Lambert, 1873), New Caledonia: Bogui-Col des Rousettes (MNHN). Scale bars: 100 µm. Mantle collar and pallial complex ( Fig. 5). Mantle collar broad (integument inserts deeply at the mantle edge), forming a narrow rim around the body without large lobes; only the region around the pneumostome is distinctly thickened; this thickening may form minute lobes at the edge. Heart about half as long as kidney, continuing anteriorly into indistinct pulmonary vein. Lung without additional coarse venation. Kidney long, opening anteriorly into reflexed primary ureter. Primary ureter running to the extreme posterior corner of the pulmonary cavity, where it transitions into the tubular secondary ureter, running along hindgut to the pnemostome, opening shortly before mantle collar, continuing anteriorly as a groove. There is no distinct mantle gland posterior to the mantle collar. Radula ( Fig. 6A, B). Narrow; central teeth rudimentary, straight, stylet-like; 8 about equally long, slender, unicuspid lateral teeth on each side in V-shaped rows; basal half of lateral teeth attached with a small projection to the membrane, apical part curved towards the centre.  REMARKS    Helix seberti Marie, 1881and  Diplomphalus fischeri Franc, 1953are synonymised here with  Diplomphalus mariei, because they fall into the range of variation of this species.   Diplomphalus solidula Tryon, 1885( Figs 4C; 7; 8A)    Diplomphalus marieivar. β –  Crosse 1874: 387, pl. 12, fig. 1.     Diplomphalus marieivar. solidula Tryon, 1885: 114, pl. 25, fig. 10;  typelocality: “Baie du Sud” (see  Crosse 1874: 387), New Caledonia.    Diplomphalus( Diplomphalus) mariei–  Crosse 1895: 175(in part).    Diplomphalus( Diplomphalus) marieivar. β Solidula–  Crosse 1895: 176.    Diplomphalus marieivar. solidula–  Kobelt 1904: 89.    Diplomphalus mariei–  Franc 1957: 178(in part, not Crosse 1867).    Diplomphalus vaysseti–  Franc 1957: 177, pl. 22, fig. 235 (in part, not Marie 1871).   TYPE MATERIAL. —  D. marieivar. solidula: Baie du Sud, syntype( MNHN; voucher specimen of Crosse 1874: 387, pl. 12, fig. 1).  OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. — New Caledonia( MNHN, among others the voucher specimen of Franc [1957: 177, pl. 22, fig. 235]; RBINS);  Baie du Sud( MNHN; RBINS); S of top of Mt. Ouin,  1150- 1200 malt., 22°00’58”S, 166°28’21”E( MNHN);  Vallée Ouinné,  650 malt., 22°02’23”S, 166°32’28”E  FIG. 4. —  Diplomphalusand  Pseudomphalusspp., genitalia: A,  Diplomphalus mariei(Crosse,1867),New Caledonia:Col de Pétchékara (MNHN); B, idem,internal structure of the penis; C,  Diplomphalus solidula Tryon,1885,New Caledonia:Baie Ngo (MNHN); D,  Diplomphalus vaysseti( Marie, 1871),New Caledonia:Col d’Amos (MNHN); E,  Pseudomphalus megei(Lambert,1873),New Caledonia:sud du Grand Lac (reproduced from Schileyko 2000: fig. 979B). Abbreviations: at, genital atrium; bc, bursa copulatrix; fl, flagellum; o, free oviduct; p, penis; rp, penial retractor; spo, spermoviduct; v, vagina; vd, vas deferens. Scale bars: A, C, D, 1.0 mm; B, 0.5 mm; E, not to scale. ps  FIG. 5. —  Diplomphalusand  Pseudomphalusspp., mantle collar and pallial complex: A,  Diplomphalus mariei(Crosse, 1867), New Caledonia, Col de Pétchékara (MNHN); B,  Pseudomphalus megei(Lambert), New Caledonia, Rivière Bleue, 170 m alt. (MNHN). Abbreviations: aur, auricle; k, kidney; mc, mantle collar; pc, pericardium; ps, pneumostome; pu, primary ureter; pv, pulmonary vein; rec, rectum; su, secondary ureter; ven, ventricle. Scale bars: 1 mm. ( MNHN);  Haute Rivière Bleue,  300 malt., 22°04’07”S, 166°36’28’”E ( MNHN); Baie du Sud ( MNHN); Piste de la Pourina,  520 malt., 22°05’00”S, 166°41’45”E( MNHN); Mt. Kouvélè, E slope,  660 malt., 22°05’26”S, 166°26’56”E( MNHN); Rivière Bleue,  150 malt., 22°05’47”S, 166°39’25”E( MNHN); Rivière Bleue,  170 malt., 22°05’59”S, 166°40’01”E( MNHN); Rivière Bleue,  160 malt., 22°06’13”S, 166°39’16”E( MNHN); Parc à Cagous, Rivière Blanche,  160-170 malt., 22°08’09”S, 166°38’20”E( MNHN; ZMH79089); near Mt. Ouenarou,  30 kmNE of Nouméa(towards Yaté),  250 malt., 22°10’S, 166°43’E( FMNH 158273, 158361); Mont Guemba,  200 malt., 22°10’22”S, 166°56’10”E( MNHN); Mouirange,  180-250 malt., 22°12’00”S, 166°39’00”E( MNHN); Route les Dalmates, Monts Kouanenoa, E of St. Louis, 22°12’S, 166°42’E” ( FMNH 144227);  Mouirange,  200 malt., 22°13’19”S, 166°40’14”E( MNHN); S of Grand Lac,  280 malt., 22°16’31”S, 166°54’00”E( MNHN);  Nouméa, Pointe de l’Artillerie, 22°17’S, 166°26’E( RBINS);  Forêt Nord,  200-250 malt., 22°17’00”S, 166°53’00”E( MNHN);  Baie Ngo,  30 malt., 22°18’02”S, 166°42’49”E( MNHN; ZMH79085);  Baie du Prony( RBINS);  Kwa Néie( Mts. Néngoné),  470 malt., 22°19’09”S, 166°55’12”E( MNHN).  DISTRIBUTION ( FIG. 7). —  Diplomphalus solidulais restricted to the part of New Caledoniasouth of 22°S.  DIAGNOSIS. —  Diplomphalus solidulais characterised by a strong callus which extends a little forwards from the aperture and is slightly detached from the body whorl at its margin.  DESCRIPTION Shell ( Fig. 8A; Table 1) biconcave; spire deeply sunken, with 6.0-7.25 whorls with an edge at upper side and a weaker edge at the basal side; protoconch smooth; teleoconch with coarse, regular ribs (19-29 per quarter on the upper side of the body whorl) at upper and basal side that usually split into 2-3 finer ribs at outer side of whorls between upper and lower edge and microscopic spiral threads; brownish-corneous with reddish-brown transverse stripes; aperture unequally crescentic, wider below than above; upper insertion of peristome distinctly descending towards aperture; peristome not expanded, not or slightly reflexed, slightly thickened; insertions of peristome connected by a strong callus which extends a little forwards from aperture and is slightly detached from body whorl at its margin; aperture wuthout lamellae or folds; umbilicus wide. Genitalia ( Fig. 4C). Specimens from Baie Ngo were examined. Penis long and broadened near subterminal insertion of vas deferens. There are straight longitudinal and wavy transversal pilasters inside the penis. Penial retractor inserts terminally at penis and at diaphragm.Vas deferens divided in thin distal section running along penis towards atrium and thicker proximal section along vagina and free oviduct. Vagina shorter than free oviduct. Oviduct consisting of short narrower distal section and broader, longer glandular proximal section.Reservoir of thin bursa copulatrix only slightly broadened.    Diplomphalus vaysseti( Marie, 1871)( Figs 4D; 7; 8B)     Helix volutella Gassies, 1858: 70(not L. Pfeiffer, 1856); typelocality: “bois de Balade”, New Caledonia. N. syn.    Helix Cabriti–  Gassies 1863: 21, pl. 1, fig. 4 (in part, not Gassies 1863).    Helix cabriti–  Crosse 1867b: 315(in part, not Gassies 1863).     Helix vaysseti Marie, 1871: 325;  typelocality: “dans les montagnes, au cap Colnett”, New Caledonia.    Diplomphalus cabriti–  Crosse & Fischer 1873: 22(in part, not Gassies 1863). —  Kobelt 1904: 87(in part, not Gassies 1863). —  Franc 1957: 176(in part, not Gassies 1863).    Diplomphalus vaysseti–  Crosse & Fischer 1873: 23. —  Crosse 1874: 388, pl. 12, fig. 2. —  Tryon 1885: 113, pl. 25, figs 1-3. —  Kobelt 1904: 89, pl. 14, figs 6-8. —  Franc 1957: 177(in part).    Helix vaysseti–  Gassies 1880: 33, pl. 1, fig. 21.    Diplomphalus( Diplomphalus) cabriti–  Crosse 1895: 173(in part, not Gassies 1863).    Diplomphalus( Diplomphalus) vaysseti–  Crosse 1895: 176.   TYPEMATERIAL. — Unknown.  MATERIAL EXAMINED. — New Caledonia( FMNH 36986; MNHN); Col d’Amos, 200 malt., 20°18’52”S, Revision of  Diplomphalusand  Pseudomphalus( Gastropoda, Rhytididae) from New Caledonia  FIG. 8.—  Diplomphalusspp.,shells: A,  Diplomphalus solidula Tryon,1885,New Caledonia:Baie du Sud (syntype,MNHN); B,  Diplomphalus vaysseti( Marie, 1871), New Caledonia: Thiem (MNHN). Scale bar: 1.0 mm.   164°25’20”E( MNHN); Balade, 20°19’S, 164°30’E( Gassies, 1858);  6.5 kmE of Ouegoa,  120 malt. ( FMNH 158250, 159347);  8 kminland from Koumac,  90 malt. ( FMNH 158300);  Mandjelia,  400 malt., 20°22’29”S, 164°30’06”E( MNHN);  Le Cresson, 20°29’00”S, 164°18’36”E( MNHN); Cap Colnett, 20°30’S, 164°45’E( Marie 1871); Kaala- Gomen, Konio, “la Cathédrale”,  350-450 malt., 20°34’30”S, 164°24’12”E( MNHN);  Mont Paniénear Tao( FMNH 159344);  Mont Panié,  280 malt., 20°35’27”S, 164°48’43”E( MNHN);  Mont Panié,  580 malt., 20°35’54”S, 164°48’22”E( MNHN);  Thiem,  10-50 malt., 20°45’43”S, 165°06’23”E( MNHN);  Thiem,  90 malt. ( FMNH 158326); valley SW of Oua Tilou,  200 malt., 20°52’03”S, 164°49’49”E( MNHN);  Col Tango, way from Bobeitio,  300-350 malt., 20°58’29”S, 165°00’27”E( MNHN);  Monéo, 21°09’36”S, 165°29’31”E( MNHN);  Mt. Aoupinié,  600-700 malt., 21°10’47”S, 165°17’59”E( MNHN);  Adio, valley,  180 malt., 21°14’44”S, 165°14’46”E( MNHN);  Adio, caves, 21°15’36”S, 165°14’18”E( MNHN; ZMH79087);   15 kmNE of Poya, inland of Nékliaï,  150 malt. ( FMNH 158358);  Mé Maoya,  1250 malt., 21°22’09”S, 165°20’21”E( MNHN);  Col des Roussettes,  200 malt., 21°24’53”S, 165°26’44”E( MNHN);  Bogui-Col des Roussettes,  270 malt., 21°24’55”S, 165°26’49”E( MNHN);  Table-Unio,  850-1000 malt., 21°33’36”S, 165°45’55”E( MNHN).  DISTRIBUTION ( Fig. 7). —  Diplomphalus vayssetiis restricted to the northern part of New Caledonia. The gap between the distribution areas of  D. vayssetiand  D. solidulais not as large as shown in Figure 7. There is a juvenile specimen from Oua Tom (FMNH 158411 inpart) in the intermediate region which belongs to one of the two species. Revision of  Diplomphalusand  Pseudomphalus( Gastropoda, Rhytididae) from New Caledonia  DIAGNOSIS. —  Diplomphalus vayssetidiffers from  D. solidulaand  D. marieiin a usually weak callus not detached from the body whorl and an on average denser coiling, i.e. a lower diameter at the same number of whorls. At five whorls the diameter of  D. vayssetivaries usually from 2.1-2.7 mm, in  D. solidulafrom 2.7-3.2 mmand in  D. marieifrom 2.6-3.5 mm.  D. vayssetidiffers from  D. cabritiin a smaller shell (diameter: 4.4-6.5 mmv 8.2-9.0 mm in  D. cabriti).  DESCRIPTION Shell ( Fig. 8B; Table 1) biconcave; spire deeply sunken, with 6.5-8 whorls with an edge at upper side and an edge at basal side; protoconch initially smooth, then with microscopic spiral striae; teleoconch with coarse, regular ribs (20-36 per quarter on upper side of body whorl) at upper and basal side that can split into two finer ribs at outer side of whorls between upper and lower edge and microscopic spiral threads; brownish-corneous with a reticulate pattern of reddish-brown diagonal stripes; aperture unequally crescentic, wider below than above; upper insertion of peristome slightly descending towards aperture; upper part of peristome slightly protruding, lower part slightly reflexed, not expanded, slightly thickened; insertions of peristome connected by a weak callus which might extend a little forwards from aperture, but is not detached from body whorl; aperture without lamellae or folds; umbilicus wide. Genitalia ( Fig. 4D). Specimens from Col d’Amos and Bogui-Col des Roussettes were examined. Penis narrow and long and slightly broadened near subterminal insertion of vas deferens. There are straight longitudinal pilasters inside penis. Penial retractor inserts terminally at penis and at diaphragm. Vas deferens divided in thin distal section running along penis towards atrium and thicker proximal section along vagina and free oviduct. Vagina shorter than free oviduct.The oviduct consists of a short narrower distal section and a broader and longer glandular proximal section. Reservoir of bursa copulatrix only slightly broadened.  REMARKS I could not examine typespecimens of  Helix volutella Gassies, 1858(not L. Pfeiffer, 1856) and  Helix cabriti Gassies, 1863from Balade. However, only  D. vayssetiis known from this region of New Caledonia.The description and the measurements of  H. volutellaGassiesfit  D. vaysseti. Thus, I consider this preoccupied name a synonym of  D. vaysseti.  Helix cabritiGassiesincludes besides the specimens from Balade also specimens from the Île Art that belong to a different species that is treated in the following as  D. cabriti. There are two specimens of  D. vayssetifrom the northwest end of New Caledonia(Mandjelia and Le Cresson) which are 2.8 and 3.1 mmbroad at 5 whorls, but have a weak callus and there are two specimens from Monéo which have a strong, detached callus, but which are only 2.3 mmbroad at five whorls. These exceptions may be due to ancestral polymorphism, convergence or introgression between  D. vayssetiand  D. solidula.    Diplomphalus cabriti( Gassies, 1863)( Figs 9; 10A)     Helix cabriti Gassies, 1863: 21(in part); typelocality (here restricted): “Île Art”, New Caledonia. —  Crosse 1867b: 315, pl. 11, fig. 2 (in part). —  Gassies 1871: 38(?). —  Fischer 1873: 9, pl. 3, fig. 8, 9.    Diplomphalus cabriti–  Crosse & Fischer 1872: 288. —  Crosse & Fischer 1873: 22(in part). —  Tryon 1885: 113, pl. 25, figs 91, 92. —  Kobelt 1904: 87, pl. 13, figs 21, 22 (in part). —  Franc 1957: 176, pl. 23, fig. 233 (in part). —  Schileyko 2000: 752, fig. 980.    Diplomphalus( Diplomphalus) cabriti–  Crosse 1895: 173(in part). —  Wenz & Zilch 1960: 551, fig. 1926.  TYPE MATERIAL. — Île Art, lecto- and paralectotype( NHMUK1883.11.10.289, 290). OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. — New Caledonia( FMNH36985; MNHN, among others voucher specimen of  Crosse [1867b: 315, pl. 11, fig. 2]); Île Art ( MNHN; RBINS).  DISTRIBUTION ( FIG. 9). —  Diplomphalus cabritiis known only from the Île Art without more exact locality. A record from Pouébo in the northernmost part of the main island of New Caledonia( Gassies 1871; Crosse & Fischer 1873) is probably erroneous or might refer to  Diplomphalus vaysseti(see also  D. montrouzieri( Souverbie, 1858)).  DIAGNOSIS. —  Diplomphalus cabritidiffers from all other  Diplomphalusspecies in a larger shell (diameter: 8.2-9.0 mm v 4.4-7.9 mmin all other species).  DESCRIPTION Shell ( Fig. 10A; Table 1) biconcave; spire deeply sunken, with 8.75-9.75 whorls with a compressed keel at upper side and an edge at basal side; protoconch smooth; teleoconch with coarse, regular ribs (26-39 per quarter on upper side of body whorl) at upper and basal side that usually split into 2-3 finer ribs at outer side of whorls between upper and lower edge and microscopic spiral threads; corneous with a reticulate pattern of reddish-brown diagonal stripes; aperture narrow crescentic, slightly wider below than above; upper insertion of peristome distinctly descending towards aperture; peristome slightly expanded, not reflexed, slightly thickened; insertions of peristome connected by a weak callus which is thickened at its margin, but not detached from body whorl; aperture without lamellae or folds; umbilicus wide. Genitalia unknown. Radula. Fischer (1873)counted 16 about equally long, slender, unicuspid lateral teeth on each side. He did not find central teeth, but if they are as small as in  D. mariei, he might have missed them.  REMARKS  Gassies (1863)included specimens from Balade probably belonging to  Diplomphalus vaysseti(see above) as well as specimens from the Île Art in his  Helix cabriti. All later descriptions and figures of  D. cabritirefer to the species from the Île Art. I could not examine type specimens of  H. cabritifrom Balade. However, there are two specimens from the Île Art labelled as types of  H. cabritiGassiesin the Natural History Museum in London (NHMUK 1883.11.10.289-290). I designate one of these specimens (the one glued at the basal side to the card board; measurements shell diameter: 9.1 mm, shell height: 4.2 mm) as lectotypeof  H. cabriti Gassies, 1863to clarify the taxonomic status of the name and to preserve stability of nomenclature.  FIG. 10. —  Diplomphalusspp. shells: A,  Diplomphalus cabriti( Gassies, 1863), New Caledonia, Île Art (upper side and front view of lectotype and basal side of paralectotype BMHN 1883.11.10.289-290); B,  Diplomphalus montrouzieri( Souverbie,1858),New Caledonia, Île Art (syntype, MNHN). Scale bar: 1.0 mm.   Diplomphalus cabritiis probably most closely related with  D. montrouzieri, which is also larger than the  Diplomphalusspecies from the main island of New Caledoniaand which also has a callus which is thickened at its margin, but is not detached from the body whorl.    Diplomphalus montrouzieri( Souverbie, 1858)( Figs 9; 10B)     Helix montrouzieri Souverbie, 1858: 63; typelocality: “Artensis insula”, New Caledonia. —  Fischer 1858: 296, pl. 8, fig. 7. —  Gassies 1863: 20, pl. 1, fig. 3. —  Gassies 1871: 38.    Diplomphalus montrouzieri–  Crosse & Fischer 1873: 23. —  Tryon 1885: 113, pl. 25, fig. 90. —  Kobelt 1904: 87, pl. 14, figs 1, 2. —  Franc 1957: 177.    Diplomphalus( Diplomphalus) montrouzieri–  Crosse 1895: 175.  TYPE MATERIAL. — Île Art, 3 syntypes( MNHN).  OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. — New Caledonia( FMNH 36983, 36984; MNHN);  Île Art( MNHN, among others 3 syntypesof  H. montrouzieriSouverbie; RBINS; ZMH79088); “Pouébo” ( MNHN); “Canala” ( RBINS).  DISTRIBUTION ( FIG. 9). —  Diplomphalus montrouzieriis probably restricted to the Île Art. There is a sample from Pouébo in the northern part of the main island of New Caledonia(MNHN) from where  D. montrouzieriand also  D. cabritihave been recorded by Gassies (1871). However, neither of these species has been found in that region of the main island of New Caledoniafor more than a century, although several expeditions have collected there. There is also a sample that is allegedly from Canala (RBINS), but this is almost certainly an error.  DIAGNOSIS. —  Diplomphalus montrouzieriis larger than the  Diplomphalusspecies from the main island of New Caledonia, but smaller than  D. cabriti(diameter of  D. montrouzieri: 6.7-7.9 mm; of  D. cabriti: 8.2- 9.0 mm), from which it differs also in a whitish shell colour without brownish pattern and a weaker sculpture of the teleoconch.  DESCRIPTION Shell ( Fig. 10B; Table 1) biconcave; spire deeply sunken, with 8.0-8.50 whorls with a compressed edge at upper side and an edge at basal side; protoconch smooth; teleoconch with flat, regular ribs (21-31 per quarter on upper side of body whorl) at upper and basal side that usually split into 2-3 finer striae at outer side of whorls between upper and lower edge and microscopic spiral threads; whitish; aperture narrow crescentic; upper insertion of peristome distinctly descending towards aperture; peristome not expanded, not reflexed,not thickened; insertions of peristome connected by a weak callus thickened at its margin, but not detached from body whorl; aperture without lamellae or folds; umbilicus wide. Genitalia unknown. New Caledonia New Caledonia 2 71 1 New Caledonia Nouvelle-Caledonie 2 71 1 NHMUK -22.133333 1261 166.46666 2 71 1 syntype MNHN 2 71 3 syntype MNHN New Caledonia New Caledonia 2 71 MNHN 22960-22962 1 syntype MNHN, RBINS New Caledonia New Caledonia 2 71 FMNH 36988 1 MNHN Foret Plate New Caledonia 540 -21.149166 21 165.1064 2 71 1 MNHN New Caledonia 800 -21.1775 Mt. Kopeto 21 165.01056 2 71 1 MNHN Adio New Caledonia 180 -21.245556 21 165.24611 2 71 1 MNHN New Caledonia -21.26 Adio 21 165.23834 2 71 1 ZMH 79086 MNHN, ZMH Barrage de la Neaoua New Caledonia 500 3 72 -21.365833 21 165.54306 2 71 1 MNHN Bogui New Caledonia 150 -21.389166 21 165.44167 3 72 1 MNHN Mines Emma-Pinpin New Caledonia 50 -21.398333 21 165.28082 3 72 1 MNHN New Caledonia 200 -21.414722 Col des Roussettes 21 165.44556 3 72 1 MNHN New Caledonia 270 -21.414722 Col des Roussettes 21 165.44556 3 72 1 FMNH Bourail-Houailou New Caledonia 365 Col des Roussettes 3 72 FMNH 158377 1 MNHN New Caledonia 270 -21.415277 Bogui-Col des Roussettes 21 165.44695 3 72 1 MNHN Me Aiu New Caledonia 730 -21.487501 21 165.85 3 72 1 [113,642,479,504] MNHN Koh New Caledonia 150 -21.533333 21 165.81389 3 72 1 MNHN, RBINS Canala New Caledonia -21.533333 1263 165.95 3 72 FMNH 73942, 110159 1 MNHN Me Ori New Caledonia 530 -21.538332 21 165.67278 3 72 1 MNHN Gelima & Caferie New Caledonia 80 -21.539999 21 165.97665 3 72 1 MNHN Me Ori New Caledonia 530 -21.543612 21 165.6725 3 72 1 MNHN Table-Unio New Caledonia 925 -21.56 21 165.76527 3 72 1 [113,561,664,689] FMNH New Caledonia -21.566668 Bourail 1263 165.48334 3 72 FMNH 72860 1 FMNH Pierced Rock New Caledonia 60 8 km W of Bourail 3 72 FMNH 158347 1 MNHN New Caledonia 340 -21.575556 Dothio-Col de Petchekara 21 166.1089 3 72 1 MNHN New Caledonia 450 -21.578056 Col de Petchekara 21 166.09666 3 72 1 MNHN Oue New Caledonia 50 -21.616667 21 165.58527 3 72 1 FMNH Col d'Amieu & La Foa-Canala New Caledonia 500 -21.616667 1263 165.81667 3 72 FMNH 158417, 158428 1 MNHN Nakada New Caledonia 500 -21.649166 21 166.05223 3 72 1 RBINS New Caledonia -21.666666 Farino 1263 165.76666 3 72 1 RBINS New Caledonia -21.683332 Fonwhary 1263 165.78334 3 72 1 RBINS New Caledonia -21.7 Mine de Moindou 1262 165.68333 3 72 FMNH 110158 1 MNHN New Caledonia 1000 -21.74 Mt. Ningua 21 166.15083 3 72 1 MNHN New Caledonia 250 -21.778889 Col de Nassirah 21 166.07056 3 72 1 MNHN Oua-Tom New Caledonia 130 -21.7875 21 165.9 3 72 1 FMNH Oua Tom New Caledonia 60 -21.8 20 km N of Boulouparis 1262 165.9 3 72 FMNH 158400, 158411 1 MNHN Mont Mou New Caledonia 400 -22.074446 21 166.32944 3 72 1 FMNH Col de la Pirogue & Mont Mou New Caledonia 450 -22.083334 1261 166.33333 3 72 FMNH 144255 1 FMNH New Caledonia 450 Monts des Koghis 3 72 FMNH 158280 1 MNHN New Caledonia -22.266666 Noumea 1260 166.45 3 72 1 New Caledonia New Caledonia 5 74 1 MNHN 5 74 1 syntype MNHN, RBINS New Caledonia New Caledonia 5 74 1 MNHN, RBINS New Caledonia Baie du Sud 5 74 1 MNHN New Caledonia 1175 -22.016111 Mt. Ouin 21 166.47249 5 74 1 [677,1210,1675,1699] New Caledonia 650 -22.039722 Vallee Ouinne 21 166.54112 5 74 1 ZMH 79089 MNHN, ZMH Haute Riviere Bleue Monts Kouanenoa 300 -22.068611 Mt. Kouvele 21 166.69583 Route les Dalmates 7 76 FMNH 158273, 158361, FMNH 144227 1 MNHN 200 -22.221945 Mouirange 21 166.67056 7 76 1 MNHN 280 -22.275278 Grand Lac 21 166.9 7 76 1 RBINS -22.283333 Noumea 1260 166.43333 Pointe de l'Artillerie 7 76 1 MNHN 225 -22.283333 Foret Nord 21 166.88333 7 76 1 ZMH 79085 MNHN, ZMH Baie Ngo 30 -22.300554 21 166.71361 7 76 1 [837,1092,1537,1561] RBINS Baie du Prony 7 76 1 MNHN 470 -22.319168 Kwa Neie 21 166.92 Mts. Nengone 7 76 1 New Caledonia New Caledonia 9 78 1 MNHN New Caledonia New Caledonia 9 78 FMNH 36986 1 holotype [112,358,1542,1567] MNHN 164.42223 10 79 1 FMNH 120 Ouegoa 10 79 FMNH 158250, 159347 1 FMNH 90 Koumac 10 79 FMNH 158300 1 MNHN Mandjelia 400 -20.374722 21 164.50166 10 79 1 MNHN Le Cresson -20.483334 21 164.31 10 79 1 MNHN Gomen & Konio 400 -20.575 21 164.40332 10 79 1 FMNH Mont Panie Tao 10 79 FMNH 159344 1 MNHN Mont Panie 280 -20.590834 21 164.81195 10 79 1 MNHN Mont Panie 580 -20.598333 21 164.8061 10 79 1 MNHN Thiem 30 11 80 -20.761944 21 165.1064 10 79 1 [116,499,1402,1426] FMNH 90 Thiem 11 80 FMNH 158326 1 MNHN 200 -20.8675 Oua Tilou 21 164.83028 11 80 1 MNHN Col Tango & Bobeitio 325 -20.974722 21 165.0075 11 80 1 MNHN Moneo -21.16 21 165.49194 11 80 1 MNHN 650 -21.179722 Mt. Aoupinie 21 165.29973 11 80 1 MNHN Adio 180 -21.245556 21 165.24611 11 80 1 ZMH 79087 MNHN, ZMH Adio -21.26 21 165.23834 11 80 1 FMNH 150 Nekliai 11 80 FMNH 158358 1 MNHN Me Maoya 1250 -21.369167 21 165.33916 11 80 1 MNHN 200 -21.414722 Col des Roussettes 21 165.44556 11 80 1 MNHN 270 -21.415277 Bogui-Col des Roussettes 21 165.44695 11 80 1 MNHN Table-Unio 925 -21.56 21 165.76527 11 80 1 MNHN New Caledonia New Caledonia 15 84 FMNH 36983, 36984 1 ZMH 79088 MNHN, RBINS, ZMH New Caledonia Ile Art 15 84 3 syntype