Diplomphalus Crosse & Fischer, 1872: 288
Helix cabriti Gassies, 1863
Helix mariei Crosse, 1867a: 211
Crosse 1867b: 312
Gassies 1871: 38
Diplomphalus mariei
Crosse & Fischer 1873: 23
Tryon 1885: 113
Kobelt 1904: 88
Franc 1957: 178
Helix seberti Marie, 1881: 241
Diplomphalus ( Diplomphalus ) mariei
Crosse 1895: 175
Diplomphalus ( Diplomphalus ) seberti
Crosse 1895: 177
Diplomphalus seberti
Kobelt 1904: 89
Franc 1957: 177
Diplomphalus fischeri Franc, 1953: 81
Helix seberti Marie, 1881
Diplomphalus fischeri Franc, 1953
Diplomphalus mariei
Diplomphalus solidula Tryon, 1885
Diplomphalus mariei
Crosse 1874: 387
Diplomphalus mariei var. solidula Tryon, 1885: 114
Crosse 1874: 387
Diplomphalus ( Diplomphalus ) mariei
Crosse 1895: 175
Diplomphalus ( Diplomphalus ) mariei
Crosse 1895: 176
Diplomphalus mariei var. solidula
Kobelt 1904: 89
Diplomphalus mariei
Franc 1957: 178
Diplomphalus vaysseti
Franc 1957: 177
Diplomphalus vaysseti ( Marie, 1871 )
Helix volutella Gassies, 1858: 70
Helix Cabriti
Gassies 1863: 21
Helix cabriti
Crosse 1867b: 315
Helix vaysseti Marie, 1871: 325
Diplomphalus cabriti
Crosse & Fischer 1873: 22
Kobelt 1904: 87
Franc 1957: 176
Diplomphalus vaysseti
Crosse & Fischer 1873: 23
Crosse 1874: 388
Tryon 1885: 113
Kobelt 1904: 89
Franc 1957: 177
Helix vaysseti
Gassies 1880: 33
Diplomphalus ( Diplomphalus ) cabriti
Crosse 1895: 173
Diplomphalus ( Diplomphalus ) vaysseti
Crosse 1895: 176
Diplomphalus cabriti ( Gassies, 1863 )
Helix cabriti Gassies, 1863: 21
Crosse 1867b: 315
Gassies 1871: 38
Fischer 1873: 9
Diplomphalus cabriti
Crosse & Fischer 1872: 288
Crosse & Fischer 1873: 22
Tryon 1885: 113
Kobelt 1904: 87
Franc 1957: 176
Schileyko 2000: 752
Diplomphalus ( Diplomphalus ) cabriti
Crosse 1895: 173
Wenz & Zilch 1960: 551
Diplomphalus montrouzieri ( Souverbie, 1858 )
Helix montrouzieri Souverbie, 1858: 63
Fischer 1858: 296
Gassies 1863: 20
Gassies 1871: 38
Diplomphalus montrouzieri
Crosse & Fischer 1873: 23
Tryon 1885: 113
Kobelt 1904: 87
Franc 1957: 177
Diplomphalus ( Diplomphalus ) montrouzieri
Crosse 1895: 175
Revision of the endemic genera Diplomphalus and Pseudomphalus from New Caledonia (Gastropoda, Rhytididae)
Hausdorf, Bernhard
Zoosystema
2013
2013-03-29
35
1
69
88
7P32J
Crosse & Fischer, 1872
Crosse & Fischer
1872
[779,1184,1515,1541]
Gastropoda
Rhytididae
Diplomphalus
GBIF
Animalia
Stylommatophora
1
70
Mollusca
genus
Diplomphalus Crosse & Fischer, 1872: 288. Typespecies (by monotypy): Helix cabriti Gassies, 1863.
DIAGNOSIS. — Diplomphalusis characterised by a small (4.4-9.0 mm) biconcave shell with a deeply sunken spire, Revision of Diplomphalusand Pseudomphalus( Gastropoda, Rhytididae) from New Caledonia FIG. 1. — Distribution of Diplomphalus mariei(Crosse, 1867)(5’ grid). tightly coiled whorls with an edge at the upper and the basal side and a very wide umbilicus. Diplomphalus mariei(Crosse, 1867)( Figs 1; 2; 3A; 4A, B; 5; 6A, B)
Helix mariei Crosse, 1867a: 211; typelocality: “Koe in vicinio urbis Noumea dictae, Novae-Caledonidae humi sub arbore reperta”, New Caledonia. — Crosse 1867b: 312, pl. 11 fig. 1. — Gassies 1871: 38, pl. 1 fig. 5. Diplomphalus mariei– Crosse & Fischer 1873: 23. — Tryon 1885: 113, pl. 25, figs 6, 7 (in part). — Kobelt 1904: 88, pl. 14 figs 3-5 (in part). — Franc 1957: 178, pl. 23, fig. 236 (in part). Helix seberti Marie, 1881: 241; typelocality: “ Kanala ”, New Caledonia. N. syn . Diplomphalus( Diplomphalus) mariei– Crosse 1895: 175(in part). Diplomphalus( Diplomphalus) seberti– Crosse 1895: 177, pl. 8, fig. 1. Diplomphalus seberti– Kobelt 1904: 89, pl. 14, figs 9-11. Franc 1957: 177, pl. 23, fig. 234. Diplomphalus fischeri Franc, 1953: 81, fig. 1; typelocality: “ Nouvelle-Calédonie”; 1957: 178, pl. 23, fig. 237. N. syn.
TYPE MATERIAL. — H. mariei: Koé, 22°08’S, 166°28’E, 3 possible syntypes( NHMUK1883.11.10.842-844); H. seberti: Canala, 3 syntypes( MNHN; see also Crosse 1895: 177, pl. 8, fig. 1); D. fischeri: New Caledonia, many syntypes( MNHN 22960-22962; see also Franc 1957: 178, pl. 23, fig. 237). OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. — New Caledonia( FMNH 36988; MNHN, among others voucher specimens to Franc 1957: 177, pl. 22, fig. 235 and p. 178, pl. 23, fig. 236; RBINS); Forêt Plate, 540 malt., 21°08’57”S, 165°06’23”E( MNHN); Mt. Kopeto, 800 malt., 21°10’39”S, 165°00’38”E( MNHN); Adio, valley, 180 malt., 21°14’44”S, 165°14’46”E( MNHN); Adio, caves, 21°15’36”S, 165°14’18”E( MNHN); Barrage de la Neaoua(Ouen Sieu), 500 malt., 21°21’57”S, 165°32’35”E( MNHN; ZMH79086); Bogui, 150 malt., 21°23’21”S, 165°26’30”E( MNHN); Mines Emma-Pinpin, 50 malt., 21°23’54”S, 165°16’51”E( MNHN); Col des Roussettes, 200 malt., 21°24’53”S, 165°26’44”E( MNHN); Col des Roussettes, 270 malt., 21°24’53”S, 165°26’44”E( MNHN); Col des Roussettes, E side, Bourail-Houailou, 365 malt. ( FMNH 158377); Bogui-Col des Roussettes, 270 malt., 21°24’55”S, 165°26’49”E( MNHN); Mé Aiu, 730 malt., 21°29’15”S, 165°51’00”E( MNHN); Koh, 150 malt., 21°32’00”S, 165°48’50”E( MNHN); Canala, 21°32’S, 165°57’E( FMNH 73942, 110159; MNHN; RBINS); Mé Ori, 530 malt., 21°32’18”S, 165°40’22”E( MNHN); Gelima, Caférie, 80 malt., 21°32’24”S, 165°58’36”E( MNHN); Mé Ori, 530 malt., 21°32’37”S, 165°40’21”E( MNHN); Table-Unio, 850-1000 malt., 21°33’36”S, 165°45’55”E( MNHN); Bourail, 21°34’S, 165°29’E( FMNH 72860); 1.5 kminland from Pierced Rock, 8 kmW of Bourail, 60 malt. ( FMNH 158347); Dothio-Col de Pétchékara, 340 malt., 21°34’32”S, 166°06’32”E( MNHN); Col de Pétchékara, 450 malt., 21°34’41”S, 166°05’48”E( MNHN); Oua- Oué, 50 malt., 21°37’00”S, 165°35’07”E( MNHN); Col d’Amieu, summit, La Foa-Canalahighway, 500 malt., 21°37’S, 165°49’E( FMNH 158417, 158428); Nakada, 500 malt., 21°38’57”S, 166°03’08”E( MNHN); Farino, 21°40’S, 165°46’E( RBINS); Fonwhary, 21°41’S, 165°47’E( RBINS); Mine de Moindou, 21°42’S, 165°41’E( FMNH 110158; RBINS); Mt. Ningua, 1000 malt., 21°44’24”S, 166°09’03”E( MNHN); Col de Nassirah, 250 malt., 21°46’44”S, 166°04’14”E( MNHN); Oua-Tom, 130 malt., 21°47’15”S, 165°54’00”E( MNHN); Oua Tom, 20 kmN of Boulouparis, gully, 60 malt., 21°48’S, 165°54’E( FMNH 158400, 158411in part); Mont Mou, 400 malt., 22°04’28”S, 166°19’46”E( MNHN); Col de la Pirogue, Mont Mou, 450 malt., 22°05’S, 166°20’E” ( FMNH 144255); Monts des Koghis, 18 kmN of Nouméa, 450 malt. ( FMNH 158280); Nouméa, 22°16’S, 166°27’E( MNHN).
DISTRIBUTION ( FIG. 1). — Diplomphalus marieiis restricted to the central part of New Caledonia. Its range overlaps those of D. solidula Tryon, 1885and D. vaysseti( Marie, 1871), demonstrating that it is specifically distinct from these species. At some localities it has been found even syntopically with D. vaysseti. There is an old sample that is allegedly from Ouégoa (RBINS) in the northern part of the main island of New Caledoniawhere D. marieihas not been found for more than a century, although several expeditions have collected there.
DIAGNOSIS. — Diplomphalus marieidiffers from D. solidulaand D. vayssetiin a usually broader aperture (da/ha = 0.6-1.7 in D. mariei, 0.5-0.7 in D. solidula, 0.4-0.8 in D. vaysseti) and a callus forming an arcuate lamella projecting from the body whorl. The whorls of D. marieiinsert basally close to the edge of the previous whorl, whereas the whorls of D. solidulaand D. vayssetiinsert basally farther outside (and thus below) the edge of the previous whorl. Therefore the umbilical concavity of D. solidulaand D. vayssetiis more stepped than that of D. mariei.
DESCRIPTION Shell ( Fig. 2; 3A; Table 1) biconcave; spire deeply sunken, with 6.75-7 whorls with an edge at upper side, which can be compressed to form a keel, and an edge at basal side; protoconch initially smooth, then with microscopic spiral striae; teleoconch with moderately coarse, regular ribs (20-42 per quarter on upper side of body whorl) at upper and basal side that can split into 2 finer ribs at outer side of whorls between upper and lower edge and microscopic spiral threads; brownishcorneous with reddish-brown diagonal stripes; aperture pear-shaped, wider below than above; upper insertion of peristome distinctly descending towards aperture; peristome expanded, slightly reflexed, slightly thickened; insertions of peristome connected by a strong callus forming an arcuate lamella that projects from body whorl, especially in its middle; aperture without lamellae or folds; umbilicus wide. Genitalia ( Fig. 4A, B). Specimens from Col de Pétchékara and Col de Nassirah were examined. The genital pore is situated just posterior to the right ommatophore. The genitalia run to the right of the right ommatophoral retractor.Penis long and slightly broadened near the subterminal insertion of the vas deferens. There are straight longitudinal pilasters in proximal part of penis. Two strong longitudinal pilasters form a U-shaped structure. Opposite of the longitudinal pilasters, the penial wall is sculptured by wavy transversal pilasters. The narrow distal part of penis is sculptured with longitudinal pilasters. Penial retractor inserting terminally at penis and at diaphragm. Vas deferens divided in thin distal section running along penis towards atrium and thicker proximal section along vagina and free oviduct. Vagina shorter than free oviduct. Oviduct consisting of short narrower distal section and broader, longer glandular proximal section. Reservoir of bursa copulatrix only slightly broadened. FIG. 2.— Diplomphalusspp.,shells: A, Diplomphalus mariei(Crosse,1867),New Caledonia:Koé (possible syntype of H.mariei, NHMUK1883.11.10.842-844); B, Diplomphalus mariei, New Caledonia: Canala (syntype of H. seberti, MNHN); C, Diplomphalus mariei, New Caledonia (syntype of D. fischeri, MNHN22960). Scale bar: 1.0 mm. FIG. 3. — Diplomphalusand Pseudomphalusspp., protoconch: A, Diplomphalus mariei(Crosse, 1867), New Caledonia: Oua-Tom (MNHN); B, Pseudomphalus megei(Lambert, 1873), New Caledonia: Bogui-Col des Rousettes (MNHN). Scale bars: 100 µm. Mantle collar and pallial complex ( Fig. 5). Mantle collar broad (integument inserts deeply at the mantle edge), forming a narrow rim around the body without large lobes; only the region around the pneumostome is distinctly thickened; this thickening may form minute lobes at the edge. Heart about half as long as kidney, continuing anteriorly into indistinct pulmonary vein. Lung without additional coarse venation. Kidney long, opening anteriorly into reflexed primary ureter. Primary ureter running to the extreme posterior corner of the pulmonary cavity, where it transitions into the tubular secondary ureter, running along hindgut to the pnemostome, opening shortly before mantle collar, continuing anteriorly as a groove. There is no distinct mantle gland posterior to the mantle collar. Radula ( Fig. 6A, B). Narrow; central teeth rudimentary, straight, stylet-like; 8 about equally long, slender, unicuspid lateral teeth on each side in V-shaped rows; basal half of lateral teeth attached with a small projection to the membrane, apical part curved towards the centre.
REMARKS
Helix seberti Marie, 1881and Diplomphalus fischeri Franc, 1953are synonymised here with Diplomphalus mariei, because they fall into the range of variation of this species. Diplomphalus solidula Tryon, 1885( Figs 4C; 7; 8A) Diplomphalus marieivar. β – Crosse 1874: 387, pl. 12, fig. 1. Diplomphalus marieivar. solidula Tryon, 1885: 114, pl. 25, fig. 10; typelocality: “Baie du Sud” (see Crosse 1874: 387), New Caledonia. Diplomphalus( Diplomphalus) mariei– Crosse 1895: 175(in part). Diplomphalus( Diplomphalus) marieivar. β Solidula– Crosse 1895: 176. Diplomphalus marieivar. solidula– Kobelt 1904: 89. Diplomphalus mariei– Franc 1957: 178(in part, not Crosse 1867). Diplomphalus vaysseti– Franc 1957: 177, pl. 22, fig. 235 (in part, not Marie 1871).
TYPE MATERIAL. — D. marieivar. solidula: Baie du Sud, syntype( MNHN; voucher specimen of Crosse 1874: 387, pl. 12, fig. 1). OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. — New Caledonia( MNHN, among others the voucher specimen of Franc [1957: 177, pl. 22, fig. 235]; RBINS); Baie du Sud( MNHN; RBINS); S of top of Mt. Ouin, 1150- 1200 malt., 22°00’58”S, 166°28’21”E( MNHN); Vallée Ouinné, 650 malt., 22°02’23”S, 166°32’28”E FIG. 4. — Diplomphalusand Pseudomphalusspp., genitalia: A, Diplomphalus mariei(Crosse,1867),New Caledonia:Col de Pétchékara (MNHN); B, idem,internal structure of the penis; C, Diplomphalus solidula Tryon,1885,New Caledonia:Baie Ngo (MNHN); D, Diplomphalus vaysseti( Marie, 1871),New Caledonia:Col d’Amos (MNHN); E, Pseudomphalus megei(Lambert,1873),New Caledonia:sud du Grand Lac (reproduced from Schileyko 2000: fig. 979B). Abbreviations: at, genital atrium; bc, bursa copulatrix; fl, flagellum; o, free oviduct; p, penis; rp, penial retractor; spo, spermoviduct; v, vagina; vd, vas deferens. Scale bars: A, C, D, 1.0 mm; B, 0.5 mm; E, not to scale. ps FIG. 5. — Diplomphalusand Pseudomphalusspp., mantle collar and pallial complex: A, Diplomphalus mariei(Crosse, 1867), New Caledonia, Col de Pétchékara (MNHN); B, Pseudomphalus megei(Lambert), New Caledonia, Rivière Bleue, 170 m alt. (MNHN). Abbreviations: aur, auricle; k, kidney; mc, mantle collar; pc, pericardium; ps, pneumostome; pu, primary ureter; pv, pulmonary vein; rec, rectum; su, secondary ureter; ven, ventricle. Scale bars: 1 mm. ( MNHN); Haute Rivière Bleue, 300 malt., 22°04’07”S, 166°36’28’”E ( MNHN); Baie du Sud ( MNHN); Piste de la Pourina, 520 malt., 22°05’00”S, 166°41’45”E( MNHN); Mt. Kouvélè, E slope, 660 malt., 22°05’26”S, 166°26’56”E( MNHN); Rivière Bleue, 150 malt., 22°05’47”S, 166°39’25”E( MNHN); Rivière Bleue, 170 malt., 22°05’59”S, 166°40’01”E( MNHN); Rivière Bleue, 160 malt., 22°06’13”S, 166°39’16”E( MNHN); Parc à Cagous, Rivière Blanche, 160-170 malt., 22°08’09”S, 166°38’20”E( MNHN; ZMH79089); near Mt. Ouenarou, 30 kmNE of Nouméa(towards Yaté), 250 malt., 22°10’S, 166°43’E( FMNH 158273, 158361); Mont Guemba, 200 malt., 22°10’22”S, 166°56’10”E( MNHN); Mouirange, 180-250 malt., 22°12’00”S, 166°39’00”E( MNHN); Route les Dalmates, Monts Kouanenoa, E of St. Louis, 22°12’S, 166°42’E” ( FMNH 144227); Mouirange, 200 malt., 22°13’19”S, 166°40’14”E( MNHN); S of Grand Lac, 280 malt., 22°16’31”S, 166°54’00”E( MNHN); Nouméa, Pointe de l’Artillerie, 22°17’S, 166°26’E( RBINS); Forêt Nord, 200-250 malt., 22°17’00”S, 166°53’00”E( MNHN); Baie Ngo, 30 malt., 22°18’02”S, 166°42’49”E( MNHN; ZMH79085); Baie du Prony( RBINS); Kwa Néie( Mts. Néngoné), 470 malt., 22°19’09”S, 166°55’12”E( MNHN).
DISTRIBUTION ( FIG. 7). — Diplomphalus solidulais restricted to the part of New Caledoniasouth of 22°S.
DIAGNOSIS. — Diplomphalus solidulais characterised by a strong callus which extends a little forwards from the aperture and is slightly detached from the body whorl at its margin.
DESCRIPTION Shell ( Fig. 8A; Table 1) biconcave; spire deeply sunken, with 6.0-7.25 whorls with an edge at upper side and a weaker edge at the basal side; protoconch smooth; teleoconch with coarse, regular ribs (19-29 per quarter on the upper side of the body whorl) at upper and basal side that usually split into 2-3 finer ribs at outer side of whorls between upper and lower edge and microscopic spiral threads; brownish-corneous with reddish-brown transverse stripes; aperture unequally crescentic, wider below than above; upper insertion of peristome distinctly descending towards aperture; peristome not expanded, not or slightly reflexed, slightly thickened; insertions of peristome connected by a strong callus which extends a little forwards from aperture and is slightly detached from body whorl at its margin; aperture wuthout lamellae or folds; umbilicus wide. Genitalia ( Fig. 4C). Specimens from Baie Ngo were examined. Penis long and broadened near subterminal insertion of vas deferens. There are straight longitudinal and wavy transversal pilasters inside the penis. Penial retractor inserts terminally at penis and at diaphragm.Vas deferens divided in thin distal section running along penis towards atrium and thicker proximal section along vagina and free oviduct. Vagina shorter than free oviduct. Oviduct consisting of short narrower distal section and broader, longer glandular proximal section.Reservoir of thin bursa copulatrix only slightly broadened.
Diplomphalus vaysseti( Marie, 1871)( Figs 4D; 7; 8B) Helix volutella Gassies, 1858: 70(not L. Pfeiffer, 1856); typelocality: “bois de Balade”, New Caledonia. N. syn. Helix Cabriti– Gassies 1863: 21, pl. 1, fig. 4 (in part, not Gassies 1863). Helix cabriti– Crosse 1867b: 315(in part, not Gassies 1863). Helix vaysseti Marie, 1871: 325; typelocality: “dans les montagnes, au cap Colnett”, New Caledonia. Diplomphalus cabriti– Crosse & Fischer 1873: 22(in part, not Gassies 1863). — Kobelt 1904: 87(in part, not Gassies 1863). — Franc 1957: 176(in part, not Gassies 1863). Diplomphalus vaysseti– Crosse & Fischer 1873: 23. — Crosse 1874: 388, pl. 12, fig. 2. — Tryon 1885: 113, pl. 25, figs 1-3. — Kobelt 1904: 89, pl. 14, figs 6-8. — Franc 1957: 177(in part). Helix vaysseti– Gassies 1880: 33, pl. 1, fig. 21. Diplomphalus( Diplomphalus) cabriti– Crosse 1895: 173(in part, not Gassies 1863). Diplomphalus( Diplomphalus) vaysseti– Crosse 1895: 176.
TYPEMATERIAL. — Unknown. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — New Caledonia( FMNH 36986; MNHN); Col d’Amos, 200 malt., 20°18’52”S, Revision of Diplomphalusand Pseudomphalus( Gastropoda, Rhytididae) from New Caledonia FIG. 8.— Diplomphalusspp.,shells: A, Diplomphalus solidula Tryon,1885,New Caledonia:Baie du Sud (syntype,MNHN); B, Diplomphalus vaysseti( Marie, 1871), New Caledonia: Thiem (MNHN). Scale bar: 1.0 mm. 164°25’20”E( MNHN); Balade, 20°19’S, 164°30’E( Gassies, 1858); 6.5 kmE of Ouegoa, 120 malt. ( FMNH 158250, 159347); 8 kminland from Koumac, 90 malt. ( FMNH 158300); Mandjelia, 400 malt., 20°22’29”S, 164°30’06”E( MNHN); Le Cresson, 20°29’00”S, 164°18’36”E( MNHN); Cap Colnett, 20°30’S, 164°45’E( Marie 1871); Kaala- Gomen, Konio, “la Cathédrale”, 350-450 malt., 20°34’30”S, 164°24’12”E( MNHN); Mont Paniénear Tao( FMNH 159344); Mont Panié, 280 malt., 20°35’27”S, 164°48’43”E( MNHN); Mont Panié, 580 malt., 20°35’54”S, 164°48’22”E( MNHN); Thiem, 10-50 malt., 20°45’43”S, 165°06’23”E( MNHN); Thiem, 90 malt. ( FMNH 158326); valley SW of Oua Tilou, 200 malt., 20°52’03”S, 164°49’49”E( MNHN); Col Tango, way from Bobeitio, 300-350 malt., 20°58’29”S, 165°00’27”E( MNHN); Monéo, 21°09’36”S, 165°29’31”E( MNHN); Mt. Aoupinié, 600-700 malt., 21°10’47”S, 165°17’59”E( MNHN); Adio, valley, 180 malt., 21°14’44”S, 165°14’46”E( MNHN); Adio, caves, 21°15’36”S, 165°14’18”E( MNHN; ZMH79087); 15 kmNE of Poya, inland of Nékliaï, 150 malt. ( FMNH 158358); Mé Maoya, 1250 malt., 21°22’09”S, 165°20’21”E( MNHN); Col des Roussettes, 200 malt., 21°24’53”S, 165°26’44”E( MNHN); Bogui-Col des Roussettes, 270 malt., 21°24’55”S, 165°26’49”E( MNHN); Table-Unio, 850-1000 malt., 21°33’36”S, 165°45’55”E( MNHN).
DISTRIBUTION ( Fig. 7). — Diplomphalus vayssetiis restricted to the northern part of New Caledonia. The gap between the distribution areas of D. vayssetiand D. solidulais not as large as shown in Figure 7. There is a juvenile specimen from Oua Tom (FMNH 158411 inpart) in the intermediate region which belongs to one of the two species. Revision of Diplomphalusand Pseudomphalus( Gastropoda, Rhytididae) from New Caledonia
DIAGNOSIS. — Diplomphalus vayssetidiffers from D. solidulaand D. marieiin a usually weak callus not detached from the body whorl and an on average denser coiling, i.e. a lower diameter at the same number of whorls. At five whorls the diameter of D. vayssetivaries usually from 2.1-2.7 mm, in D. solidulafrom 2.7-3.2 mmand in D. marieifrom 2.6-3.5 mm. D. vayssetidiffers from D. cabritiin a smaller shell (diameter: 4.4-6.5 mmv 8.2-9.0 mm in D. cabriti).
DESCRIPTION Shell ( Fig. 8B; Table 1) biconcave; spire deeply sunken, with 6.5-8 whorls with an edge at upper side and an edge at basal side; protoconch initially smooth, then with microscopic spiral striae; teleoconch with coarse, regular ribs (20-36 per quarter on upper side of body whorl) at upper and basal side that can split into two finer ribs at outer side of whorls between upper and lower edge and microscopic spiral threads; brownish-corneous with a reticulate pattern of reddish-brown diagonal stripes; aperture unequally crescentic, wider below than above; upper insertion of peristome slightly descending towards aperture; upper part of peristome slightly protruding, lower part slightly reflexed, not expanded, slightly thickened; insertions of peristome connected by a weak callus which might extend a little forwards from aperture, but is not detached from body whorl; aperture without lamellae or folds; umbilicus wide. Genitalia ( Fig. 4D). Specimens from Col d’Amos and Bogui-Col des Roussettes were examined. Penis narrow and long and slightly broadened near subterminal insertion of vas deferens. There are straight longitudinal pilasters inside penis. Penial retractor inserts terminally at penis and at diaphragm. Vas deferens divided in thin distal section running along penis towards atrium and thicker proximal section along vagina and free oviduct. Vagina shorter than free oviduct.The oviduct consists of a short narrower distal section and a broader and longer glandular proximal section. Reservoir of bursa copulatrix only slightly broadened.
REMARKS I could not examine typespecimens of Helix volutella Gassies, 1858(not L. Pfeiffer, 1856) and Helix cabriti Gassies, 1863from Balade. However, only D. vayssetiis known from this region of New Caledonia.The description and the measurements of H. volutellaGassiesfit D. vaysseti. Thus, I consider this preoccupied name a synonym of D. vaysseti. Helix cabritiGassiesincludes besides the specimens from Balade also specimens from the Île Art that belong to a different species that is treated in the following as D. cabriti. There are two specimens of D. vayssetifrom the northwest end of New Caledonia(Mandjelia and Le Cresson) which are 2.8 and 3.1 mmbroad at 5 whorls, but have a weak callus and there are two specimens from Monéo which have a strong, detached callus, but which are only 2.3 mmbroad at five whorls. These exceptions may be due to ancestral polymorphism, convergence or introgression between D. vayssetiand D. solidula.
Diplomphalus cabriti( Gassies, 1863)( Figs 9; 10A) Helix cabriti Gassies, 1863: 21(in part); typelocality (here restricted): “Île Art”, New Caledonia. — Crosse 1867b: 315, pl. 11, fig. 2 (in part). — Gassies 1871: 38(?). — Fischer 1873: 9, pl. 3, fig. 8, 9. Diplomphalus cabriti– Crosse & Fischer 1872: 288. — Crosse & Fischer 1873: 22(in part). — Tryon 1885: 113, pl. 25, figs 91, 92. — Kobelt 1904: 87, pl. 13, figs 21, 22 (in part). — Franc 1957: 176, pl. 23, fig. 233 (in part). — Schileyko 2000: 752, fig. 980. Diplomphalus( Diplomphalus) cabriti– Crosse 1895: 173(in part). — Wenz & Zilch 1960: 551, fig. 1926.
TYPE MATERIAL. — Île Art, lecto- and paralectotype( NHMUK1883.11.10.289, 290). OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. — New Caledonia( FMNH36985; MNHN, among others voucher specimen of Crosse [1867b: 315, pl. 11, fig. 2]); Île Art ( MNHN; RBINS).
DISTRIBUTION ( FIG. 9). — Diplomphalus cabritiis known only from the Île Art without more exact locality. A record from Pouébo in the northernmost part of the main island of New Caledonia( Gassies 1871; Crosse & Fischer 1873) is probably erroneous or might refer to Diplomphalus vaysseti(see also D. montrouzieri( Souverbie, 1858)).
DIAGNOSIS. — Diplomphalus cabritidiffers from all other Diplomphalusspecies in a larger shell (diameter: 8.2-9.0 mm v 4.4-7.9 mmin all other species).
DESCRIPTION Shell ( Fig. 10A; Table 1) biconcave; spire deeply sunken, with 8.75-9.75 whorls with a compressed keel at upper side and an edge at basal side; protoconch smooth; teleoconch with coarse, regular ribs (26-39 per quarter on upper side of body whorl) at upper and basal side that usually split into 2-3 finer ribs at outer side of whorls between upper and lower edge and microscopic spiral threads; corneous with a reticulate pattern of reddish-brown diagonal stripes; aperture narrow crescentic, slightly wider below than above; upper insertion of peristome distinctly descending towards aperture; peristome slightly expanded, not reflexed, slightly thickened; insertions of peristome connected by a weak callus which is thickened at its margin, but not detached from body whorl; aperture without lamellae or folds; umbilicus wide. Genitalia unknown. Radula. Fischer (1873)counted 16 about equally long, slender, unicuspid lateral teeth on each side. He did not find central teeth, but if they are as small as in D. mariei, he might have missed them.
REMARKS Gassies (1863)included specimens from Balade probably belonging to Diplomphalus vaysseti(see above) as well as specimens from the Île Art in his Helix cabriti. All later descriptions and figures of D. cabritirefer to the species from the Île Art. I could not examine type specimens of H. cabritifrom Balade. However, there are two specimens from the Île Art labelled as types of H. cabritiGassiesin the Natural History Museum in London (NHMUK 1883.11.10.289-290). I designate one of these specimens (the one glued at the basal side to the card board; measurements shell diameter: 9.1 mm, shell height: 4.2 mm) as lectotypeof H. cabriti Gassies, 1863to clarify the taxonomic status of the name and to preserve stability of nomenclature. FIG. 10. — Diplomphalusspp. shells: A, Diplomphalus cabriti( Gassies, 1863), New Caledonia, Île Art (upper side and front view of lectotype and basal side of paralectotype BMHN 1883.11.10.289-290); B, Diplomphalus montrouzieri( Souverbie,1858),New Caledonia, Île Art (syntype, MNHN). Scale bar: 1.0 mm. Diplomphalus cabritiis probably most closely related with D. montrouzieri, which is also larger than the Diplomphalusspecies from the main island of New Caledoniaand which also has a callus which is thickened at its margin, but is not detached from the body whorl.
Diplomphalus montrouzieri( Souverbie, 1858)( Figs 9; 10B) Helix montrouzieri Souverbie, 1858: 63; typelocality: “Artensis insula”, New Caledonia. — Fischer 1858: 296, pl. 8, fig. 7. — Gassies 1863: 20, pl. 1, fig. 3. — Gassies 1871: 38. Diplomphalus montrouzieri– Crosse & Fischer 1873: 23. — Tryon 1885: 113, pl. 25, fig. 90. — Kobelt 1904: 87, pl. 14, figs 1, 2. — Franc 1957: 177. Diplomphalus( Diplomphalus) montrouzieri– Crosse 1895: 175.
TYPE MATERIAL. — Île Art, 3 syntypes( MNHN). OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. — New Caledonia( FMNH 36983, 36984; MNHN); Île Art( MNHN, among others 3 syntypesof H. montrouzieriSouverbie; RBINS; ZMH79088); “Pouébo” ( MNHN); “Canala” ( RBINS).
DISTRIBUTION ( FIG. 9). — Diplomphalus montrouzieriis probably restricted to the Île Art. There is a sample from Pouébo in the northern part of the main island of New Caledonia(MNHN) from where D. montrouzieriand also D. cabritihave been recorded by Gassies (1871). However, neither of these species has been found in that region of the main island of New Caledoniafor more than a century, although several expeditions have collected there. There is also a sample that is allegedly from Canala (RBINS), but this is almost certainly an error.
DIAGNOSIS. — Diplomphalus montrouzieriis larger than the Diplomphalusspecies from the main island of New Caledonia, but smaller than D. cabriti(diameter of D. montrouzieri: 6.7-7.9 mm; of D. cabriti: 8.2- 9.0 mm), from which it differs also in a whitish shell colour without brownish pattern and a weaker sculpture of the teleoconch.
DESCRIPTION Shell ( Fig. 10B; Table 1) biconcave; spire deeply sunken, with 8.0-8.50 whorls with a compressed edge at upper side and an edge at basal side; protoconch smooth; teleoconch with flat, regular ribs (21-31 per quarter on upper side of body whorl) at upper and basal side that usually split into 2-3 finer striae at outer side of whorls between upper and lower edge and microscopic spiral threads; whitish; aperture narrow crescentic; upper insertion of peristome distinctly descending towards aperture; peristome not expanded, not reflexed,not thickened; insertions of peristome connected by a weak callus thickened at its margin, but not detached from body whorl; aperture without lamellae or folds; umbilicus wide. Genitalia unknown.
New Caledonia
New Caledonia
2
71
1
New Caledonia
Nouvelle-Caledonie
2
71
1
NHMUK
-22.133333
1261
166.46666
2
71
1
syntype
MNHN
2
71
3
syntype
MNHN
New Caledonia
New Caledonia
2
71
MNHN 22960-22962
1
syntype
MNHN, RBINS
New Caledonia
New Caledonia
2
71
FMNH 36988
1
MNHN
Foret Plate
New Caledonia
540
-21.149166
21
165.1064
2
71
1
MNHN
New Caledonia
800
-21.1775
Mt. Kopeto
21
165.01056
2
71
1
MNHN
Adio
New Caledonia
180
-21.245556
21
165.24611
2
71
1
MNHN
New Caledonia
-21.26
Adio
21
165.23834
2
71
1
ZMH 79086
MNHN, ZMH
Barrage de la Neaoua
New Caledonia
500
3
72
-21.365833
21
165.54306
2
71
1
MNHN
Bogui
New Caledonia
150
-21.389166
21
165.44167
3
72
1
MNHN
Mines Emma-Pinpin
New Caledonia
50
-21.398333
21
165.28082
3
72
1
MNHN
New Caledonia
200
-21.414722
Col des Roussettes
21
165.44556
3
72
1
MNHN
New Caledonia
270
-21.414722
Col des Roussettes
21
165.44556
3
72
1
FMNH
Bourail-Houailou
New Caledonia
365
Col des Roussettes
3
72
FMNH 158377
1
MNHN
New Caledonia
270
-21.415277
Bogui-Col des Roussettes
21
165.44695
3
72
1
MNHN
Me Aiu
New Caledonia
730
-21.487501
21
165.85
3
72
1
[113,642,479,504]
MNHN
Koh
New Caledonia
150
-21.533333
21
165.81389
3
72
1
MNHN, RBINS
Canala
New Caledonia
-21.533333
1263
165.95
3
72
FMNH 73942, 110159
1
MNHN
Me Ori
New Caledonia
530
-21.538332
21
165.67278
3
72
1
MNHN
Gelima & Caferie
New Caledonia
80
-21.539999
21
165.97665
3
72
1
MNHN
Me Ori
New Caledonia
530
-21.543612
21
165.6725
3
72
1
MNHN
Table-Unio
New Caledonia
925
-21.56
21
165.76527
3
72
1
[113,561,664,689]
FMNH
New Caledonia
-21.566668
Bourail
1263
165.48334
3
72
FMNH 72860
1
FMNH
Pierced Rock
New Caledonia
60
8 km W of Bourail
3
72
FMNH 158347
1
MNHN
New Caledonia
340
-21.575556
Dothio-Col de Petchekara
21
166.1089
3
72
1
MNHN
New Caledonia
450
-21.578056
Col de Petchekara
21
166.09666
3
72
1
MNHN
Oue
New Caledonia
50
-21.616667
21
165.58527
3
72
1
FMNH
Col d'Amieu & La Foa-Canala
New Caledonia
500
-21.616667
1263
165.81667
3
72
FMNH 158417, 158428
1
MNHN
Nakada
New Caledonia
500
-21.649166
21
166.05223
3
72
1
RBINS
New Caledonia
-21.666666
Farino
1263
165.76666
3
72
1
RBINS
New Caledonia
-21.683332
Fonwhary
1263
165.78334
3
72
1
RBINS
New Caledonia
-21.7
Mine de Moindou
1262
165.68333
3
72
FMNH 110158
1
MNHN
New Caledonia
1000
-21.74
Mt. Ningua
21
166.15083
3
72
1
MNHN
New Caledonia
250
-21.778889
Col de Nassirah
21
166.07056
3
72
1
MNHN
Oua-Tom
New Caledonia
130
-21.7875
21
165.9
3
72
1
FMNH
Oua Tom
New Caledonia
60
-21.8
20 km N of Boulouparis
1262
165.9
3
72
FMNH 158400, 158411
1
MNHN
Mont Mou
New Caledonia
400
-22.074446
21
166.32944
3
72
1
FMNH
Col de la Pirogue & Mont Mou
New Caledonia
450
-22.083334
1261
166.33333
3
72
FMNH 144255
1
FMNH
New Caledonia
450
Monts des Koghis
3
72
FMNH 158280
1
MNHN
New Caledonia
-22.266666
Noumea
1260
166.45
3
72
1
New Caledonia
New Caledonia
5
74
1
MNHN
5
74
1
syntype
MNHN, RBINS
New Caledonia
New Caledonia
5
74
1
MNHN, RBINS
New Caledonia
Baie du Sud
5
74
1
MNHN
New Caledonia
1175
-22.016111
Mt. Ouin
21
166.47249
5
74
1
[677,1210,1675,1699]
New Caledonia
650
-22.039722
Vallee Ouinne
21
166.54112
5
74
1
ZMH 79089
MNHN, ZMH
Haute Riviere Bleue
Monts Kouanenoa
300
-22.068611
Mt. Kouvele
21
166.69583
Route les Dalmates
7
76
FMNH 158273, 158361, FMNH 144227
1
MNHN
200
-22.221945
Mouirange
21
166.67056
7
76
1
MNHN
280
-22.275278
Grand Lac
21
166.9
7
76
1
RBINS
-22.283333
Noumea
1260
166.43333
Pointe de l'Artillerie
7
76
1
MNHN
225
-22.283333
Foret Nord
21
166.88333
7
76
1
ZMH 79085
MNHN, ZMH
Baie Ngo
30
-22.300554
21
166.71361
7
76
1
[837,1092,1537,1561]
RBINS
Baie du Prony
7
76
1
MNHN
470
-22.319168
Kwa Neie
21
166.92
Mts. Nengone
7
76
1
New Caledonia
New Caledonia
9
78
1
MNHN
New Caledonia
New Caledonia
9
78
FMNH 36986
1
holotype
[112,358,1542,1567]
MNHN
164.42223
10
79
1
FMNH
120
Ouegoa
10
79
FMNH 158250, 159347
1
FMNH
90
Koumac
10
79
FMNH 158300
1
MNHN
Mandjelia
400
-20.374722
21
164.50166
10
79
1
MNHN
Le Cresson
-20.483334
21
164.31
10
79
1
MNHN
Gomen & Konio
400
-20.575
21
164.40332
10
79
1
FMNH
Mont Panie
Tao
10
79
FMNH 159344
1
MNHN
Mont Panie
280
-20.590834
21
164.81195
10
79
1
MNHN
Mont Panie
580
-20.598333
21
164.8061
10
79
1
MNHN
Thiem
30
11
80
-20.761944
21
165.1064
10
79
1
[116,499,1402,1426]
FMNH
90
Thiem
11
80
FMNH 158326
1
MNHN
200
-20.8675
Oua Tilou
21
164.83028
11
80
1
MNHN
Col Tango & Bobeitio
325
-20.974722
21
165.0075
11
80
1
MNHN
Moneo
-21.16
21
165.49194
11
80
1
MNHN
650
-21.179722
Mt. Aoupinie
21
165.29973
11
80
1
MNHN
Adio
180
-21.245556
21
165.24611
11
80
1
ZMH 79087
MNHN, ZMH
Adio
-21.26
21
165.23834
11
80
1
FMNH
150
Nekliai
11
80
FMNH 158358
1
MNHN
Me Maoya
1250
-21.369167
21
165.33916
11
80
1
MNHN
200
-21.414722
Col des Roussettes
21
165.44556
11
80
1
MNHN
270
-21.415277
Bogui-Col des Roussettes
21
165.44695
11
80
1
MNHN
Table-Unio
925
-21.56
21
165.76527
11
80
1
MNHN
New Caledonia
New Caledonia
15
84
FMNH 36983, 36984
1
ZMH 79088
MNHN, RBINS, ZMH
New Caledonia
Ile Art
15
84
3
syntype