On some new and old soft scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) from Africa, with description of a new Coccus species and introduction of a new genus Łagowska, Bożena Hodgson, Chris J. Zootaxa 2019 2019-05-30 4612 3 373 386 Lagowska & Hodgson Łagowska & Hodgson 2019 [151,599,1628,1655] Insecta Coccidae Proteacoccus Animalia Hemiptera 6 379 Arthropoda genus gen. nov.   Typespecies:  Lecanium proteae Brain 1920( Fig. 3)   Generic diagnosis.Slide-mounted adult female: body broadly oval, moderately convex; stigmatic clefts distinct, each with or without a sclerotized inner margin; anal cleft rather short, about 1/6 thbody length. Dorsum becoming sclerotized at maturity, with obscure areolations. Dorsal microducts not noted. Preopercular pores possibly absent, replaced by obscure minute pores anterior to and on either side of anal plates. Submarginal tubercles few or absent. Dorsal setae minute, bluntly pointed and sparse. Dorsal tubular ducts absent. Anal plates slightly longer than wide, each plate with 3 apical setae plus a subdiscal seta near inner margin. Marginal setae very short, cylindrical to slightly pointed, few, set far apart. Each stigmatic cleft with 2 spinose setae, each stout and slightly swollen apically, placed at the base of each cleft. Venter with multilocular disc-pores, mostly each with 10 loculi, present anterior to genital opening and across most other abdominal segments. Spiracular disc-pores, mostly each with 5 loculi, few, in narrow bands between stigmatic clefts and spiracles. Long setae anterior to genital opening reduced to 1 pair on segment VII. Ventral tubular ducts absent. Antennae 7 or 8 segmented. Legs reduced, without a tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis; tarsal digitules similar, both with a broadly expanded apex. Claw with a minute denticle; claw digitules both narrow.   Etymology. The generic name Proteacoccusis formed from  Proteasp. ( Proteaceae), the genus of the host plant of the typespecies, and  Coccus, a name used frequently for scale insects. The name is masculine.   Comments.In addition to the typespecies,  P. proteaeBrain, Proteacoccus also includes  P. durbanensisBrain,  comb. n.Both species are illustrated in De Lotto (1967)and his illustration of  P. proteae(Brain)is reproduced here ( Fig. 3). These 2 species differ from  Marsipococcusas follows (character-states for  Marsipococcusspecies in brackets): (i) dorsum without radial lines extending medially from margin (radial lines present); (ii) ventral tubular ducts absent (a group of ventral tubular ducts present on either side of the genital opening); (iii) each stigmatic cleft with the 2 stigmatic spines placed at base of the cleft (with 1 spine on the anterior and other on the posterior margin of each cleft); (iv) dorsum with minute pores anterior to or on either side of anal plates, preopercular pores absent (minute pores absent from this position, preopercular pores present (  M. marsupialis) or absent (  M. ulubendulensis)); (v) each anal plate with a subdiscal seta (subdiscal setae absent); (vi) multilocular disc-pores mostly with 10 loculi (multilocular disc-pores, when present (in  M. marsupialis), each with 5 or 6 loculi); (vii) anal sclerotization absent (anal sclerotization present, extending around anterior margin of anal cleft); (viii) marginal setae short, cylindrical or bluntly pointed, shorter than stigmatic setae (marginal setae strongly spinose and pointed, subequal to or longer than stigmatic setae), and (ix) tibia and tarsus showing distinct segmentation (tibia and tarsus fused, without segmentation).  Marsipococcus proteaeand  M. durbanensisare therefore removed from  Marsipococcusand placed in the new genus  ProteacoccusŁagowska & Hodgson. Currently, this genus is restricted to South Africaand probably belongs to the Paralecaniini rather than the Coccini.  2).  Neoplatylecanium adersi(Newstead). The species currently referred to as  Neoplatylecanium adersiwas originally placed in the genus  Lecaniumby Newstead (1917)but was transferred to  Coccusby De Lotto (1959). Later, Tang (1991)transferred it to  Neoplatylecanium Takahashi 1929, and then Avasthi (1993)redescribed it and made it the typespecies of his new genus  VarshneococcusAvasthi. Sincethen, it has been transferred back to Neo- platylecanium( García Morales et al. 2019). Avasthi (1993)stated that preopercular pores are absent from the dorsum, whereas De Lotto (1959), based on the typespecimens of  L. adersifrom Maharubi, Tanzania, clearly describes and illustrates these pores as being present in several submedial groups on the abdomen. It is possible, therefore, that Avasthi (1993)was looking at a closely similar but different species. However, it is clear from the key below that, apart from having many (about 20) stigmatic spines in each stigmatic cleft,  N. adersiclosely resembles  Maacoccus bicruciatus(Green), the typespecies of the genus  MaacoccusTao & Wong( Tao et al. 1983). Both Neoplatylecani- um  cinnamomiTakahashi, the typespecies of  Neoplatylecanium, and  M. bicruciatuswere redescribed by Hodgson (1994); it is here considered that  L. adersiNewsteadis much more similar to  M. bicruciatusthan to  N. cinnamomiTakahashiand is therefore here transferred to  MaacoccusTao & Wongas  Maacoccus adersi(Newstead),  comb. n.   3).   Coccus asiaticusLindinger. Thespecies  Lecanium caudatum Green 1896was originally described from Sri Lankaon coffee. It was later transferred to  Coccusby Fernald (1903, 168). Thus,  Coccus caudatumGreenbecame a secondary homonym of  Coccus caudatus Walker 1852, currently only known from Colombia. The name  Coccus caudatusGreenwas replaced by Lindinger (1932, 201) with a new specific name,  Coccus asiaticusLindinger. Sincethen,  Lecanium caudatumGreenwas synonymized with  Parasassetia nigra(Nietner)by Tao et al. (1983, 76) and it is under this name that it is included in ScaleNet ( García Morales et al. 2019). However, De Lotto (1957)redescribed  C. asiaticusLindinger(as  C. caudatumGreen), mainly based on specimens collected in Kenyaand Ugandaon coffee, although he also compared these specimens with Green’s typematerial from Sri Lankain the BMNH, and concluded that they were conspecific. It is clear that the species redescribed and illustrated by De Lotto (1957)is not a synonym of  P. nigraand falls within  CoccusLinnaeusas currently understood, as was also suggested by Ben-Dov (1993). Unlike  P. nigra,  C. asiaticus(i) completely lacks a submarginal band of ventral tubular ducts; it also differs by having (ii) ventral tubular ducts present medially on the thorax (absent in  P. nigra); (iii) 7-segmented antennae (rather than 8-segmented antennae); (iv) lacks dorsal polygonal areas throughout the dorsum (present in  P. nigra); (v) it lacks submarginal tubercles and pocket-like invaginations (present in  P. nigra), and (vi) has a tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis (absent in  P. nigra). Typematerial of  L. caudatumGreenhas not been seen as part of this study but, based on De Lotto’s redescription and investigation, it is clear that  C. asiaticusLindingeris not a synonym of  P. nigra,so  L. caudatumGreenis here resurrected as  Coccus asiaticus Lindinger (1932), revised status,and is included as such in the key below.  Coccus asiaticuswas included under this name by Williams & Ben-Dov (2009)in their catalogue, but without comment.