Opheliidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the western Pacific islands, including five new species Magalhães, Wagner F. Rizzo, Alexandra E. Bailey-Brock, Julie H. Zootaxa 2019 2019-02-13 4555 2 209 235 5VT2D Magalhães & Rizzo & Bailey-Brock, 2019 Magalhães & Rizzo & Bailey-Brock 2019 [151,370,357,383] Polychaeta Opheliidae Armandia GBIF Animalia Opheliida 2 211 Annelida species garretti sp. nov.   Figures 1(A–C), 2 (A–D), 3 (A–C) and 4 (A–E)   Material examined.  Holotype: Hawaii: Pearl Harbor, Waiau discharge: 21°23'15.63" N, 157°57'38.39" W, shallow subtidal,  July/13/1999, coll. R. Brock( BPBM-R3881);  Paratypes: same place, date and collector as holotype(8 spms, BPBM-R3882). Additional material: Pearl Harbor, Waiaudischarge: 21°23'15.63" N, 157°57'38.39" W, shallow subtidal,  July/13/1999, coll. R. Brock(2 spms on SEM stub); Pearl Harbor, Oahu, #2, discharge at Waiau Generating Station, 21°23'15.63" N, 157°57'38.39" W, shallow subtidal, June/2013, coll. R. Brock(82 spms). Maunalua Bay, Oahu, among branches of the invasive green alga  Avrainvillea amadelpha, intertidal depths, 21°16'49.4" N, 157°43'48.5" W, coll. W. Magalhãesand B. Dugan, Mar/2010: Sta. A4R3 (5), Sta. A4R2 (3); Sta. A1R1 (3); Sta. A1R4 (2); Sta. S2R2 (3); Sta. S1R3 (3); Sta. S3R1 (7); Sta. A10R1 (5); Sta. A7R1 (1); Sta. S1R2 (2); Sta. A4R3 (5); Sta. A2R3 (1). Kaneohe Bay: Coconut Islandbeach, Aug/1983, coll. J. Bailey-Brock(2); Kokokahi, fringing reef north of Likekeplace,  0-2 m,   May/23/2017, coll. IZteam and G. Paulay(1, UF005392). EMAP Hawaii2006, Sta. 65, Kahoiawa Bay, Big Island, 19°48'13.20" N, 156°00'53.04" W, Aug/2006, 9 m, coral/sandy bottom (many); Sta. 19, Keawanui Bay, Big Island, 20°06'48.30" N, 155°53'07.74" W, Aug/2006, 9 m, coral/sandy bottom (5); Sta. 39, Kawaihae Bay, Big Island, 19°59'14.16" N, 155°50'12.06" W, Jul/2006, 20 m, coral/sandy bottom (10); Sta. 30, Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, 21°28'29.64" N, 157°48'09.36" W, Jul/2006, 2 m, coral/sandy bottom (2); Sta. 57, Hapuna Bay, Big Island, 19°59'38.70" N, 155°49'43.26" W, Jul/2006, 8 m, coral rubble (1); Sta. 54, Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, 21°25'00.18" N, 157°47'04.80" W, Sep/2006, 6 m, mud (8). NCCA Hawaii2010, Sta. 0 7, Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, 21°27'02.04" N, 157°48'48.06" W,  1 m(3).   Diagnosis.Parapodia biramous, symmetrical, with parapodial prechaetal lobe, ventral lobe, and dorsal cirrus. Anal tube funnel-shaped, slightly longer than wide with 12–14 transversal striations; up to four pairs of marginal papillae of similar length, digitiform; one internal, unpaired ventral anal cirrus, crenulated and short; one pair of digitate basal papillae.   Description. Holotype 8.2 mmlong, 0.4 mmwide for 28 chaetigers. Paratypes 5.5–7 mmlong, 0.4 mmwide for 27–28 chaetigers. Body slender, slightly tapering towards anterior and posterior ends ( Fig. 4A). Prostomium conical, excluding palpode, longer than wide; palpode as long as 1/3 prostomial length, clavate ( Figs 1A; 2A; 4B). A pair of black eyes deeply and ventrally embedded in prostomium and third eyespot on dorsal side, also embedded in prostomium ( Figs 1A; 2A). A pair of ring-shaped nuchal organs present ( Figs 2A; 4B); pharynx conical and lacking oral tentacles ( Fig. 1A). Branchiae present from chaetigers 2–26 on holotypeand absent on last 2–3 chaetigers on paratypes; branchiae long, approaching dorsal midline but not meeting dorsally ( Figs 2A; 4A, B); last 2–3 branchiae shorter and last pair of branchiae significantly shorter than preceding one; branchiae without pigmentation. Parapodia biramous, symmetrical, with parapodial prechaetal lobe, ventral lobe, and dorsal cirrus ( Figs 2D; 4C); chaetiger 1 with quadrangular parapodial prechaetal lobe and minute ventral lobe; from chaetiger 2 to posterior end, prechaetal lobe become more conical and ventral lobe rounded and more distinct from parapodial bundle; dorsal cirrus minute, from chaetiger 2 and absent on last chaetigers. Simple capillary chaetae in two bundles; notochaetae about three times longer than neurochaetae; 6–8 anteriorly and reducing to 4–6 posteriorly; notochaetae slightly longer than branchiae when branchiae is best developed ( Fig. 4C) and longer than branchiae posteriorly. Neurochaetae six capillaries anteriorly and 4–6 posteriorly. Noto- and neuropodial capillaries of last five chaetigers of same length and longer than preceding chaetigers. Lateral eyespots anterior to parapodia 7 on 11 chaetigers (chaetigers 7–17), black, usually rounded; eyespots of chaetiger 7 and 17 of about a third the size of others, also rounded.   FIGURE 3.Juveniles of  Armandia garretti  sp. nov.from Pearl Harbor, Hawaii: A, individual with rounded prostomium, lacking branchiae and developing pygidium; B, prostomium of three individuals with 17, 20 and 25 chaetigers showing the development of the prostomial palpode and appearance of branchiae; C, posterior end in ventral view with pygidium of the same individuals in B showing development of the anal tube, paired basal cirri, marginal cirri and unpaired basal cirri. Anal tube funnel-shaped, slightly longer than wide, as long as last 2–3 chaetigers and with 12–14 transversal striations ( Figs 1B, C; 2B, C; 4D, E). Posterior border provided with up to four pairs of marginal papillae of similar length, digitiform, about ¼ in length of anal tube ( Figs 1B, C; 2B, C; 4D, E); an internal, unpaired ventral anal cirrus present, thick at base and attached ventrally where ventral incision starts, forming triangular shaped mark ( Fig. 2C); unpaired ventral cirrus crenulated and short, projecting outwardly ( Figs 2B, C; 3C; 4D, E). A pair of basal papillae present, longer and thicker than marginal papillae, digitate ( Figs 1B, C; 2B, C; 3C; 4D, E).   FIGURE 4.SEM of  Armandia garretti  sp. nov.from Pearl Harbor, Hawaii: A, complete specimen in dorso-lateral view; B, anterior end, dorsal view; C, mid-body parapodium; D and E, pygidium in lateral view.  Description of juveniles.Individuals with juvenile characteristics had 15–25 chaetigers. Juveniles with up to 20 chaetigers lacked prostomial palpode, branchiae and had the pygidium with distinct and bulbous pair of basal cirri and still developing anal tube ( Fig. 3A). Prostomial palpode observed in individuals with 24–25 chaetigers ( Fig. 3B). One individual with 24 chaetigers had branchiae from chaetigers 3 to 11; branchiae short and digitate. Another juvenile with 25 chaetigers had branchiae from chaetiger 2 and lacked only on last six chaetigers. Anal cone start developing with a short tube bearing a pair of basal cirri with several minute papillae ( Fig. 3C). Prostomial palpode and unpaired crenulate anal cirrus present in juveniles with 25 chaetigers. Prostomial palpode originates from a slit on the dorsal part of the prostomium and individuals with 20 chaetigers already had developed slit but lacked palpode ( Fig. 3B). Development of prostomial palpode, branchiae and anal cone seem to be simultaneous.   Remarks.  Armandia garretti  sp. nov.is most similar to  Armandia maculatafrom Bermuda,  Armandia intermediafrom Senegaland  Armandia paraintermediafrom Lizard Island in regards to the shape of the anal cone with a deep ventral incision and shape of the anal papillae. Uebelacker (1984)described specimens of  A. maculatafrom the Gulf of Mexicohaving marginal anal papillae digitiform to filiform ranging from none to 14 pairs, basal anal papillae were not described and the unpaired anal cirrus long and crenulate.  Armandia garretti  sp. nov.had always four pairs of digitiform marginal anal papillae, one pair of distinct basal anal papillae, elongate and thicker than marginal papillae and a short and crenulate unpaired anal cirrus.  Armandia paraintermediaand  A. garretti  sp. nov.differ from  A. intermediaon the number of segmental eyes (11 pairs in both  A. garretti  sp. nov.and  A. paraintermediaand 13 pairs in  A. intermedia) and absence of a parapodial dorsal cirrus in  A. intermedia.  Armandia garretti  sp. nov.differs from  A. paraintermediain relation to the size of the segmental eyes (smaller pairs in chaetigers 7 and 17 in  A. garretti  sp. nov.and chaetigers 16 and 17 in  A. paraintermedia), number of marginal anal papillae (3 pairs in  A. parantermediaand 4 pairs in  A. garretti  sp. nov.), shape of prechaetal lobe (conical in  A. garretti  sp. nov.and asymmetrical in  A. paraintermedia), and shape and length of the unpaired anal cirrus being short and crenulate in  A. garretti  sp. nov.and long and smooth in  A. paraintermedia.   Etymology.This species is named after Garrett Lynch, a marine biologist, stomatopod enthusiast, lab mate and friend of the authors (W.F.M. and J.H.B-B.), who has helped collecting many polychaetes on the south shore of Oahu, including samples of this new species from Maunalua Bay.   Distribution.The typelocality is Pearl Harbor (Oahu). This species has been collected at several localities on Oahu (Pearl Harbor, Maunalua Bay, Kaneohe Bay) and Big Island (Keawanui, Kawaihae, Hapuna, and Kahoiawa bays) from intertidal to 20 min mud, sand, and coral rubble.   Armandia garretti  sp. nov.is abundant throughout several stations sampled in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii(J.H.B-B. and R. Brock personal observation). Juvenile individuals were caught on the 0.25 mmsieve in February, July, November and December indicating that this species probably reproduces throughout the year. 2234219971 1999-07-13 BPBM-R R. Brock 21.387674 1 -157.96066 2 211 BPBM-R3881 1 holotype 2234220043 1999-07-13 BPBM-R Pearl Harbor & Waiau & R. Brock & Oahu & June & W. Magalhaes & B. Dugan & Mar & Sta. A & Sta. S & Aug & J. Bailey-Brock & Kokokahi Likeke 1 21.280388 Waiau Generating Station 1 -157.73013 Coconut Island 2 211 BPBM-R3882 2 paratype 2234219972 2017-05-23 IZ, UF, EMAP, NCCA G. Paulay Oahu 1 21.450567 Hawaii 1 -157.81335 Kaneohe Bay 2 211 1 paratype