Schwentner et al. 2015 : 369 A review of the Australian endemic clam shrimp, Paralimnadia Sars 1896 (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata) Timms, Brian V. Zootaxa 2016 4161 4 451 508 948310a8-bcb4-47e4-b0ba-303ff6b64c2b [151,511,1763,1789] Branchiopoda Limnadiidae Paralimnadia GBIF Animalia Diplostraca 39 490 Arthropoda species queenslandicus sp. nov.     Paralimnadiasp. A.—  Schwentner et al.2015: 369–370.   Etymology. This species occurs throughout inland Queenslandso the epithet ‘  queenslandicus’ seems appropriate, even though this species penetrates a little into adjacent western NSW.     Typematerial.  Holotype: AM P99025, male, length 8.0 mm, height 5.00 mm, Queensland, beach pool on old NW shoreline of Lake Buchanan, 21°32’15”S, 145°47’05”E,  26 February 2008, BVT. Allotype: AM P99026, female, length 9.0 mm, height 6.2 mm, collected with holotype. Paratypes: AM P99027, 2 males, 8.2 × 5.2 mm, 7.9 × 5.0 mm, 2 females, 8.8 × 6.0 mm, 9.7 × 6.0 mm, collected with holotype.    Othermaterial examined.  Queensland: Yarromere Station, pool besides Mogga Creeknear Lake Buchanan, 21°27’22”S, 145°48’38”E,  25 February, 2008, BVT, 20 specimens, AM P99028; beach pool on old NW shoreline of Lake Buchanan, 21°32’15”S, 145°47’05”E,  26 February, 2008, BVT, 18 specimens, AM P99029;   135 kmSW of Boulia, Craven Peak Station, Nardoo-sundew-canegrass swamp, 23°17’21.9”S, 138°33’ 4.5”E,  16 April, 2007, Joan Powling, 10 specimens, AM P99030;   29.2 kmW of Alphaon Capricornia Highway, burrow pit, 23°37’35”S, 146°21’12”E,  14 February 2010, BVT, 98 specimens, AM P99031;   72 kmNW of Bollonon Linden-Nebine Rd, roadside swamp, 27°42’18”S, 146°50’12’E,  18 February 2010, BVT, 76 specimens, AM P99032;  1.5 kmS of The Gums, roadside pool, 27°21’27”S, 150°11’29”E,  9 June 2009, BVT, 26 specimens, AM P99033.   New South Wales:  44 kmENE of Enngonia, Councilgravel pit, 29°12’03”S, 146°16’50”E,  21 January 2010, BVT, 22 specimens, AM P99034;   115 kmNW of Bourke, Muella Station, Carters Swamp, 29°26’00”S, 144°58’58”E, 19 Januray2010, BVT, 109 specimens, AM P99035;   117 kmNW of Bourke, Bloodwood Station, The Freshwater Lake, 29°29’12”S, 144°50’06”E,  9 February 2010, BVT, 17 specimens, AM P99036;   117 kmNW of Bourke, Bloodwood Station, Beverleys Pool, 29°32’11”S, 144°51’15”E,  24 May 2000, BVT, 12 specimens, AM P99037;   117 kmNW of Bourke, Bloodwood Station, Marsilea Pool, 29°32’13”S, 144°52’26”E,  21 January 2011, BVT, 52 specimens, AM P99038.   Diagnosis. Spherical egg with about 36 elongated depressions containing shallow grooves. Trunk 16 or 17 segments, claspers with both long palps bearing three palpomeres with inerm junctions. Telson with about 22 pairs of spines and cercopod basal section 66% of total length and with 18 setae serially from long to short.   Description. Male. Head( Fig. 21B) with ocular tubercle prominent, compound eye occupying about 80%. Rostrum protruding little more than ocular tubercle and at about 110° from frons, triangular, apex rounded. Ocellus slightly smaller than compound eye and lying at base of rostrum. Dorsal organ posterior to eye by about half its height, pedunculate and asymmetrical and about three quarters as high as ocular tubercle.  First antennae( Fig. 21B) almost twice length of peduncle of second antennae; with 8 lobes, each with numerous short sensory setae. Second antennaewith spinose peduncle and dorsal flagellum with 12 antennomeres and ventral flagellum with 13 antennomeres, and dorsally with 0–3 short spines and ventrally with 0–7 longer setae, commonly with 2 or 3 spines and 5 or 6 setae. Distal antennomeres with minimal spines and maximal setae.  Carapace( Fig. 21A) elongated oval, pellucid, with little indication of growth lines. Adductor muscle scar at about 45° to carapace long axis, only visible when animal removed from carapace.  Thoarcopods. Seventeen pairs of thoracopods. Claspers( Fig. 21D) with palm trapezoidal with distinct rounded projection distomedially. Apical club spherical with many stout spines pointing medially. Small palp with many short aciculate spines apically. Finger arcuate with blunt apex bearing many rounded pits ventrally. Both long palps of claspers inserted on apical edge of palm and with 3 palpomeres, palpomere junctions inerm but many limp filiform setae on flattened palaform apical area. Long palp of first clasper about 1.5 × length of palm and 2.25× length in second clasper. Other thoracopodsof typical structure for  Paralimnadia, decreasing is size and complexity posteriorly. Last 10 segments dorsally with short spine medially.  Telson( Fig. 21C) spine ridges with about 22 pairs of spines, with anteriormost spine about same size as next few; penultimate spines little longer than most spines. Spines with spinules. Telsonic filaments originating from mound little higher than floor of telson positioned between 4th and 5th spine. Floor of telson posterior to mound sharply declivious then slightly convex to base of cercopod. Cercopods almost as long as dorsum of telson, basal twothirds narrowing slightly to small spine then tapering to acute apex. About 18 setae on basal twothirds and many tiny denticles dorsolaterally on apical third. Setae gradually shortening from being about 3 × cercopod basal diameter at cercopod base to subequal to this diameter at spine, geniculate and plumose. Ventroposterior corner of telson rounded and hardly protruding.  Female. Head( Fig. 21F) with ocular tubercle prominent, with compound eye occupying about 80%. Rostrum a rounded bulge protruding about half ocular tubercle and with ocellus about half size of compound eye basodorsally. Dorsal organ posterior to ocular tubercle by about half its height, pedunculate and asymmetrical and three quarters as high as ocular tubercle.  First antennae( Fig. 21F) a little shorter than peduncle of second antennae, with 6 small lobes each with many short sensory setae. Second antennae largely as in male.   FIGURE 21.  Paralimnadia queenslandicus  n. sp.: A–D, male, AM P99025; E–G, female, AM P99026. A, carapace; B, head; C, telson; D, 1st clasper with long palp of 2nd clasper beside it; E, carapace; F, head; G, telson. Scale bars 1 mm.  Carapace( Fig. 21E) as in male, though more vaulted dorsally.  Thoracopods. Seventeen pairs of thoracopodsof typical  Paralimnadiastructure. Trunk dorsum with segments 1–9 naked, segments 10–14 with 3–5 spines distomedially; segments 15–17 with spine distomedially. Thoracopods 9 and 10 with long flabellum dorsally.  Telson( Fig. 21G) as in male, though posterior row spines smaller.  Egg( Fig. 11K, L). Diameter 136 µm, range 125 to 154 µm, n = 24. Spherical with randomly arranged elongated depressions each with a shallow groove and approximately 50 µm by 20 µm wide and less than 10 µm deep. Small pores in some grooves and most eggs with two larger pores, one each side of a groove. Walls of depressions rounded and sometimes form small elevations where adjacent walls meet. Grooves number about 36, range 32–42.  Variability. This species is particularly variable across its wide distribution. The male rostrum, though basically triangular, can be asymmetrical and 100–115° to the frons. The dorsal organ can be subequal to the ocular tubercle in height. Antennal lobes vary from 7–10 inmales and from 5–7 infemales and antennomeres number from 10–13. Many individuals of both sexes have 16 trunk segments and clasper palps sometimes have only two palpomeres due to incomplete division of the distal segment. Telsonic spines range from 16–25 pairs and of various configurations and cercopod setae from 15–20 with less variation in length along the row.   Differential diagnosis. The  P. queenslandicus  n. sp.egg with its wide shallow depressions and two pores on either side of one groove is distinctive. Otherwise the male rostrum, antennae, claspers and telsonic spines are variable and encompass the range seen in many other species of  Paralimnadia. The cercopod however is distinctive by its division by a spine into a basal two-thirds with setae and a distal one third with denticles —the division is usually 50:50. Setae are numerous (15–20) as in  P. flavia  n. sp.and most  P. westraliensis  n. sp., but the variation in length serially from long to short is unique to  P. queenslandicus  n. sp.   Distribution and ecology.  Paralimnadia queenslandicus  n. sp.occurs in temporary ponds, roadside ditches, and artificial sites, often with clear waters, across inland Queenslandand adjacent New South Wales. It probably penetrates further south in New South Walesbut there has been little searching beyond the Paroo. The single species of Paralimandiain the northern inland contrasts with the numerous species of the related  Eulimnadiain the same area ( Schwentner et al.2015). 1306553129 2008-02-26 BVT 40 491 -21.5375 Lake Buchanan 21 145.78473 39 490 2 Queensland holotype 1306553121 1925-02 BVT Lake Buchanan -21.456112 Other 21 145.81056 Mogga Creek 40 491 20 Queensland 1306553133 1926-02 BVT -21.5375 Lake Buchanan 21 145.78473 40 491 18 Queensland 1306553128 1916-04 -23.289415 Craven Peak Station 1 138.55125 Joan Powling 40 491 10 Queensland 1306553126 2010-02-14 BVT -23.626389 Capricornia Highway 21 146.35333 40 491 98 Queensland 1306553149 2010-02-18 BVT -27.705 Linden-Nebine Rd 40 491 76 Queensland 1306553142 2009-06-09 BVT -27.3575 The Gums 20 150.19139 40 491 26 Queensland 1306553138 2010-01-21 BVT -29.200834 Council 20 146.28055 40 491 22 New South Wales 1306553140 BVT Januray -29.433332 Muella Station 20 144.98277 Carters Swamp 40 491 109 New South Wales 1306553143 2010-02-09 BVT -29.486668 Bloodwood Station 20 144.83499 The Freshwater Lake 40 491 17 New South Wales 1306553141 2000-05-24 BVT -29.536388 Bloodwood Station 20 144.85417 Beverleys Pool 40 491 12 New South Wales 1306553144 2011-01-21 BVT -29.536943 Bloodwood Station 20 144.87389 Marsilea Pool 40 491 52 New South Wales