Typhlops fornasini Bianconi, 1849a: 107 C. Fornasini Bianconi, 1849b: 203 Bocage, 1895: 64 1896a: 99 Branch 1986: 285 Wallach, 1993b: 33 Frank & Ramus, 1995: 253 McDiarmid et al., 1999: 102 Typhlops fornasinii Bianconi, 1850a: 183 Jan, 1863: 12 Jan & Sordelli, 1864c: 4 Peters, 1882: 94 Boulenger, 1893: 38 1910: 497 Werner, 1921: 313 Schmidt, 1923: 33 Barbour & Loveridge, 1929: 357 Rose, 1950: 252 1955: 74 1962: 320 Brynard & Pienaar, 1960: 31 Isemonger, 1968: 81 1983: 84 Broadley, 1973: 20 Roux-Estève, 1974: 146 Broadley & Cock, 1975: 101 Bruton & Haacke, 1975: 26 1980: 262 Bourquin, 1977: 46 1989: 20 Hahn, 1977: 37 1980: 58 Poynton & Broadley, 1978: 941 Broadley & Blake, 1979: 10 Welch, 1982: 128 1994: 67 Hughes, 1983: 354 Haagner & Els, 1986: 20 Branch, 1986: 290 1994: 47 Marais, 1992: 178 Meirte, 1992: 22 Wallach, 1993a: 217 1993b: 33 1998a: 183 1998b: 370 Haagner, 1994: 34 Broadley & Kalk, 1995: 322 Mattison, 1999: 147 McDiarmid et al., 1999: 102 Webb et al., 2001: 559 Murphy, 2003: 552 Brogard, 2005: 115 Schneider et al., 2005: 116 Marais, 2007: 52 Maritz & Alexander, 2009: 6 Onychocephalus mossambicus Peters, 1854 fide Bauer et al., 2002: 161 Peters, 1855: 50 1882: 93 Lichtenstein, 1856: 21 Günther, 1866: 25 Barbour & Loveridge, 1929: 310 Roux-Estève, 1974: 146 Hahn, 1980: 58 Bauer et al., 1995: 78 McDiarmid et al., 1999: 102 Onychocephalus trilobus Peters, 1854 Peters, 1855: 50 1860: 80 Lichtenstein, 1856: 21 Barbour & Loveridge, 1929: 310 Hahn, 1980: 58 Bauer et al., 1995: 78 McDiarmid et al., 1999: 102 Ophtalmidion (sic) mossambicus Jan, 1857: 43 Onychocephalus tettensis Peters, 1860 Peters, 1882: 92 Roux-Estève, 1974: 146 Hahn, 1980: 58 Bauer et al., 1995: 78 McDiarmid et al., 1999: 102 Typhlops (Ophthalmidion) bianconii Jan & Sordelli, 1860: 1 Jan, 1863: 13 fide Jan, 1864: 23 fide Jan & Sordelli, 1860: 1 Jan, 1863: 13 Hahn, 1980: 58 McDiarmid et al., 1999: 102 Typhlops (Typhlops) fornasinii Jan, 1863: 12 Hahn, 1980: 58 Typhlops (Ophthalmidion) mossambicus Jan, 1863: 13 McDiarmid et al., 1999: 102 Typhlops bianconii Jan, 1863: 13 Roux-Estève, 1974: 146 Typhlops mossambicus Jan & Sordelli, 1864c: 4 Peters, 1882: 93 Boulenger, 1887:174 1893: 41 1908a: 227 1910: 498 1915b: 615 Bocage, 1896a: 99 Sclater, 1898: 97 Gough, 1908: 18 Sternfeld, 1908b: 242 Werner, 1921: 314 Schmidt, 1923: 33 Loveridge, 1924: 3 Essex , 1927: 925 Barbour & Loveridge, 1929: 357 Rose, 1950: 252 1955: 74 1962: 320 Brynard & Pienaar, 1960: 31 Isemonger, 1962: 93 1968: 83 1983: 87 Pooley, 1965: 47 Hahn, 1977: 35 1980: 58 Welch, 1982: 128 McDiarmid et al., 1999: 102 Typhlops tettensis Peters 1882: 92 Boulenger, 1915b: 615 Werner, 1921: 314 Schmidt, 1923: 33 Broadley, 1961: 3 Hahn, 1980: 58 McDiarmid et al., 1999: 102 Brogard, 2005: 116 Typhlops trilobus Typhlops tetensis Bocage, 1896a: 99 Typhlops mossombicus Werner, 1921: 336 Hahn, 1980: 58 McDiarmid et al., 1999: 102 Typhlops bianconi Rhinotyphlops fornasinii Broadley & Wallach, 2000: 167 2255 Broadley, Donald G. Wallach, Van Zootaxa 2009 2009-10-08 2255 1 100 (Bianconi) Bianconi 1847 [151,571,151,177] Reptilia Typhlopidae Afrotyphlops Animalia Squamata 26 27 Chordata species fornasinii  ( Fig. 4A) Fornasini’s dwarf blind-snake      Typhlops fornasini Bianconi, 1849a: 107(incorrect original spelling). Type locality: “ Mozambico” [= Mozambique], collected by C. Fornasini, holotypeMBI;  Bianconi, 1849b: 203;  Bocage, 1895: 64,  1896a: 99;  Branch 1986: 285;  Wallach, 1993b: 33;  Frank & Ramus, 1995: 253;  McDiarmid et al.,1999: 102.     Typhlops fornasinii Bianconi, 1850a: 183, pl. 6, fig. 1, 1850b in1850–1870: 13, pl. 3, fig. 1;  Jan, 1863: 12, 1864: 17;  Jan & Sordelli, 1864c: 4, pl. 5, fig. 5, pl. 6, fig. 5;  Peters, 1882: 94, pl. 15, fig. 3;  Boulenger, 1893: 38,  1910: 497; FitzSimons, F., 1912 & 1919: 52;  Werner, 1921: 313;  Schmidt, 1923: 33;  Barbour & Loveridge, 1929: 357;  Rose, 1950: 252,  1955: 74,  1962: 320;  Brynard & Pienaar, 1960: 31; FitzSimons, V., 1962: 65, fig. 4, 1966a: 37, 1970 & 1974: 65, 1978: 55;  Isemonger, 1968: 81,  1983: 84; Laurent, 1964: 421, 1968: 1;  Broadley, 1973: 20, 1978: 29, 1983: 40, fig. 4, 1998c: 385, 1990a: 40 & 377, fig. 4, 1990b: 485; 1992: 543;  Roux-Estève, 1974: 146, figs. 13.23 & 97, 1975a: 492, fig. 30;  Broadley & Cock, 1975: 101;  Bruton & Haacke, 1975: 26,  1980: 262;  Bourquin, 1977: 46,  1989: 20;  Hahn, 1977: 37,  1980: 58;  Poynton & Broadley, 1978: 941;  Broadley & Blake, 1979: 10;  Welch, 1982: 128,  1994: 67;  Hughes, 1983: 354;  Haagner & Els, 1986: 20;  Branch, 1986: 290, 1988a&  1994: 47, pl. 40, 1988b: 11, 1998: 54, pl. 40;  Marais, 1992: 178, 3 figs., 286, 2 figs.;  Meirte, 1992: 22;  Wallach, 1993a: 217,  1993b: 33,  1998a: 183,  1998b: 370;  Haagner, 1994: 34;  Broadley & Kalk, 1995: 322;  Mattison, 1999: 147;  McDiarmid et al.,1999: 102;  Webb et al.,2001: 559;  Murphy, 2003: 552;  Brogard, 2005: 115;  Schneider et al.,2005: 116; Alexan- der &  Marais, 2007: 52, 2 figs.;  Maritz & Alexander, 2009: 6.    Onychocephalus mossambicus Peters, 1854, Ber. Bekanntmach. Geeignet. Verhandl. Königl.-Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1854(11): 621. Type locality: “Insulae Mossambique et Anjoana” [= Mozambique Islandand Nzwani, Comoro Islands], syntypesMCZ 21007 (formerly ZMB 3948), ZMB 3949–50, 63441 (formerly ZMB 3949), collected by W.C.H. Peters, June 1843– March 1847(Anjoana syntypepresumably lost  fideBauer et al.,2002: 161);  Peters, 1855: 50,  1882: 93, pl. 15, fig. 2;  Lichtenstein, 1856: 21;  Günther, 1866: 25;  Barbour & Loveridge, 1929: 310; Fitz- Simons, V., 1962, 66, 1966a: 38;  Roux-Estève, 1974: 146;  Hahn, 1980: 58;  Bauer et al.,1995: 78, 2002: 161;  McDiarmid et al.,1999: 102.    Onychocephalus trilobus Peters, 1854, Ber. Bekanntmach. Geeignet. Verhandl. Königl.-Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1854(11): 621. Type locality: “Lourenzo-Marques, Inhambane” [= Maputoand Inhambane, Mozambique], syntypesMCZ 21006 (formerly ZMB 3917), ZMB 3915–16, collected by W.C.H. Peters, July–November 1846;  Peters, 1855: 50,  1860: 80;  Lichtenstein, 1856: 21;  Barbour & Loveridge, 1929: 310; FitzSimons, V., 1962, 65, 1966a: 37; Roux- Estève, 1974: 146;  Hahn, 1980: 58;  Bauer et al.,1995: 78, 2002: 162;  McDiarmid et al.,1999: 102.     Ophtalmidion (sic) mossambicus Jan, 1857: 43.    Onychocephalus tettensis Peters, 1860, Mber. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1860(2): 80. Type locality: “Mossambique, Tette” [= Tete, Mozambique], holotypeZMB 3944, collected by W.C.H. Peters, December 1844– September 1845;  Peters, 1882: 92, pl. 15, fig. 1;  Roux-Estève, 1974: 146;  Hahn, 1980: 58;  Bauer et al.,1995: 78, 2002: 162;  McDiarmid et al.,1999: 102.     Typhlops (Ophthalmidion) bianconii Jan & Sordelli, 1860: 1, pl. 5, fig. 3, pl. 6, fig. 3. Type locality: “Mosambique,” by restriction of type locality by  Jan, 1863: 13, holotypeMZUT  fideJan, 1864: 23( contraMSNM   fide Jan & Sordelli, 1860: 1);  Jan, 1863: 13, 1864: 23;  Hahn, 1980: 58;  McDiarmid et al.,1999: 102.    Typhlops (Typhlops) fornasinii—  Jan, 1863: 12;  Hahn, 1980: 58.    Typhlops (Ophthalmidion) mossambicus—  Jan, 1863: 13;  McDiarmid et al.,1999: 102.    Typhlops bianconii—  Jan, 1863: 13;  Roux-Estève, 1974: 146.    Typhlops mossambicus—  Jan & Sordelli, 1864c: 4, pl. 5, fig. 3, pl. 6, fig. 3; Jan, 1864: 22;  Peters, 1882: 93, pl. 15, fig. 2;  Boulenger, 1887:174,  1893: 41,  1908a: 227,  1910: 498,  1915b: 615;  Bocage, 1896a: 99;  Sclater, 1898: 97;  Gough, 1908: 18; FitzSimons, F., 1910: 26, 1912 & 1919: 52;  Sternfeld, 1908b: 242;  Werner, 1921: 314;  Schmidt, 1923: 33;  Loveridge, 1924: 3;   Essex, 1927: 925, figs. 77–78;  Barbour & Loveridge, 1929: 357; Pitman, 1938& 1974: pl. 1, fig. 1;  Rose, 1950: 252,  1955: 74,  1962: 320;  Brynard & Pienaar, 1960: 31; FitzSimons, V., 1962: 66, fig. 5, 1966a: 38, 1970 & 1974: 66, 1978: 56;  Isemonger, 1962: 93,  1968: 83,  1983: 87; Laurent, 1964: 421;  Pooley, 1965: 47;  Hahn, 1977: 35,  1980: 58;  Welch, 1982: 128;  McDiarmid et al.,1999: 102.    Typhlops tettensis—  Peters 1882: 92, pl. 15, fig. 1;  Boulenger, 1915b: 615;  Werner, 1921: 314;  Schmidt, 1923: 33;  Broadley, 1961: 3;  Hahn, 1980: 58;  McDiarmid et al.,1999: 102;  Brogard, 2005: 116.   Typhlops trilobus— Peters 1882, pl. 15, fig. 3.    Typhlops tetensis(sic)—  Bocage, 1896a: 99.    Typhlops mossombicus(sic)—  Werner, 1921: 336;  Hahn, 1980: 58;  McDiarmid et al.,1999: 102.   Typhlops bianconi—FitzSimons, V., 1966a: 38.    Rhinotyphlops fornasinii—  Broadley & Wallach, 2000: 167.   Description.Snout rounded, prominent. Rostral broad and slightly pointed behind; frontal small, subhexagonal; supraocular transverse, its lateral apex between preocular and ocular; eye beneath or slightly behind the anterior border of the ocular; nasal often completely divided, the nasal sulcus arising from the first labial; SIP T-II-O (N2, P/O, O, O); MSR 22–26, reduction A/B 0 to 2, B/C 0–4; MD 232–286 (mean 260.7, n= 35); vertebrae 144–160 (mean 154.3, n= 24); MD/V ratio 1.52–1.77 (mean 1.69, n= 23); L/D ratio 28–45 (mean 33.6, n= 28). Dark grey to black, with irregular yellowish patches below, especially on throat and cloacal region. Largest specimen (PEM 12121—Shangwane, Zululand, South Africa) has a total length of 185 mm.   Distribution.Coastal Mozambiqueand its offshore islands, extending into southeastern Zimbabweand northern KwaZulu-Natal, NSL- 65 m( Fig. 14).  Localities.  MOZAMBIQUE. Noprecise locality MNHN 178, 3213;  Bazaruto Island NMZB 10002, 11444;  Benguerua Island NMZB 11395–97;  Inhaca Island NMZB-UM 2301;  Inhambane MCZ21006 ( syntypeof  Onychocepphalus trilobusPeters);  Inharrime NMZB-UM 25586;  Lourenco-Marques MCZ41947;  Magaruque Island NMZB 10012;  Maputo NMZB 11931–32;  TMP 4829, 4831–35, 4841, 4843–47, 4849–50;  ZMB 3915–16;  Matola CZL 1;  Mauele CZL 1157–59;  Maxixe SAM44553;  Mozambique Island MCZ21007 ( syntypeof  Onychocephalus mossambicusPeters),  ZMB 3949(2), 3950 ( syntypesof  Onychocephalus mossambicusPeters); Tete(?) ZMB 3944;  Vundiça TMP29461.  ZIMBABWE. Malugwe Pan, Gonarezhou National Park NMZB-UM 12329.  SOUTH AFRICA( Kwazulu-Natal). Mseleni TMP 4830, 4836–38, 4848;  Shangwane, Tembe Elephant Park PEM 12119–21, 12123, 12173–77;  Sibaya Research Station TMP46022;  Sodwara BayPark TMP46001. [339,1036,152,178] MNHN Mozambique No 28 29 MNHN 178, 3213 1 NMZB Mozambique Bazaruto Island 28 29 NMZB 10002, 11444 1 [240,671,192,218] NMZB Mozambique Benguerua Island 28 29 NMZB 11395-97 1 [685,1067,192,218] Mozambique Inhaca Island 28 29 NMZB-UM 2301 1 MCZ 21006 MCZ Mozambique Inhambane 28 29 1 Inhambane syntype [672,1029,232,258] Mozambique Inharrime 28 29 NMZB-UM 25586 1 syntype MCZ 41947 [1044,1432,232,258] MCZ Mozambique Lourenco-Marques 28 29 1 syntype [151,540,272,298] NMZB Mozambique Magaruque Island 28 29 NMZB 10012 1 syntype [552,863,272,298] NMZB Mozambique Maputo 28 29 NMZB 11931-32 1 Maputo syntype [875,1432,272,298] TMP Mozambique true Maputo 28 29 TMP 4829, 4831-35, 4841, 4843-47, 4849-50 1 Maputo syntype [151,328,312,338] ZMB Mozambique 28 29 ZMB 3915-16 1 syntype [339,507,312,338] CZL Mozambique Matola 28 29 CZL 1 1 syntype [522,784,312,338] CZL Mozambique Mauele 28 29 CZL 1157-59 1 syntype SAM 44553 [796,1040,312,338] SAM Mozambique Maxixe 28 29 1 syntype MCZ 21007 MCZ Mozambique Mozambique Island 28 29 1 syntype [751,923,352,378] ZMB Mozambique 28 29 ZMB 3949 1 syntype ZMB Mozambique Tete 28 29 ZMB 3944 1 Tete syntype TMP 29461 [576,825,392,418] TMP Mozambique Vundica 28 29 1 syntype Zimbabwe Gonarezhou National Park Malugwe Pan 28 29 NMZB-UM 12329 1 syntype [459,1338,432,458] TMP South Africa Mseleni 28 29 TMP 4830, 4836-38, 4848 1 KwaZulu-Natal syntype PEM 12119 PEM South Africa Tembe Elephant Park Shangwane 28 29 PEM 12119-21, 12123, 12173-77 1 syntype TMP 46022 [922,1367,472,498] TMP South Africa Sibaya Research Station 28 29 1 syntype TMP 46001 TMP South Africa Sodwara Bay 28 29 1 syntype