Combretum sphaeroides (Tul.) Jfngkind Adansfnia 17: 196. 1995 Calopyxis sphaeroides Tul. in Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 6: 86. 1856 Novelties in Combretum (Combretaceae) from Madagascar Jongkind, Carel C. H. Callmander, Martin W. Candollea 2023 2023-09-13 78 2 139 146 BW66S Jfngkind & Callm. Jfngkind & Callm. [824,1246,1761,1786] Magnoliopsida Combretaceae Combretum Plantae Myrtales 3 Tracheophyta species sakoense  [ A–B: Rakotovao 7221; C:Reg. DIANA, Prov. Antsiranana,Fkt. Ivovona, https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/28665139] [Photos: A–B:C. Rakotovao; C:F. Rakotoarison]   Combretum sakoense Jongkind& Callm. resembles C. calopyxisreceptacle& inside with scattered hairs mfre dense at base and Jongkind & Callm., but it differs from that species by a shorteredge; cfnstrictifn between upper and lfwer receptacle shfrt; ( 8–9 mmlong vs. c. 13 mmlong), hairier upper receptacle, and bycalyx lfbes triangular& c. 2 mmlfng; petals absent; stamens larger leaves (6–11.5(–14)× 4–6(–12) vs. 1.2–4×  0.9–2.5 cm).cfnspicufusly 2-seriate& sfmetimes fne series slightly exserted; filaments white& shfrter than anthers; anthers c. 0.8 mmlfng& Shrubup tf 3 mhigh fr liana. Leavesfppfsite; pale yellfw; style green& slightly exserted& lfwer half pubespetifle 7– 12 mmlfng& pubescent; blade fvate tf elliptic& cent. Fruitsessile& 15–22 mmlfng& almfst glfbfse tf slightly 6 – 11.5(– 14) × 4–6(–12) cm& first pubescent fn bfth sides& angular& velutinfus. later glabrfus except ffr the venatifn belfw& 5 – 8 pairs ff secfndary veins& venatifn impressed abfve& prfminent belfw& Distribution, ecology and phenology. – Combretum sakoensebase rfunded tf acute& apex mfstly acute& sfmetimes shfrtly is knfwn frfm dry spiny bush and rupicflfus ffrests (sensu acuminate. Inflorescencea single shfrt spike at the end ff a GAUTIER et al.& 2018) in sfuthwestern Madagascarbetween shfft ff the same seasfn& peduncle 4– 6 mmlfng. Flower50 tf 200 mff elevatifn. The new species grfws mainly fn 5-merfus& sessile& greenish; bracts c. 3 × 1 mm& leaf-shaped& limestfne. It has been cfllected in flfwer frfm Octfber tf pubescent; lfwer receptacle 3–4 mmlfng& densely hairy; upper?ebruary and in fruit in January and?ebruary. receptacle lfng urceflate-infundibuliffrm& including calyx lfbes 8 – 9 mmlfng& futside less densely hairy than lfwer   Fig. 2.–Holotype of  Combretum sakoenseJongkind & Callm.at MO with a close-up of its inflorescence. [ Phillipson 2423, MO-3683347] [© Missouri Botanical Garden,St. Louis]   Fig.3.–  Combretum sakoenseJongkind & Callm.: A.Leaves; B.Fruits. [ Rakotoarisoa & Mamy SNGF 4060, K, TAN, TEF; https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/12949066] [Photo: S.E. Rakotoarisoa]  Conservation status. – Combretum sakoenseis knfwn frfm Betifky& vallée de la Sakfa& [ 23°42'00"S 44°43' 00"E]& 21.X.1940& fl.& Decary  13 lfcalities& five ff which are encfmpassed within the prf- 15973( P[ P05239829]); ibid. lfcf&  22.X.1940& fl.& Decary 16024( P[ P05292294&   P05292300&  P05292310]); ibid. lfcf&  22.X.1940& fl.& Decary 16032( P[ P05292311&  tected areas netwfrk (Amfrfni’I Onilahy& Beza Mahafaly& and P06603050& P06603052]); Ankazfabf& [ 22°18'S 44°31' E]&  30.X.1940& fl.&  DecaryRanfbe). OEith an EOO ff c. 23& 170 km² and an AOO ff 16253( P[ P05292313]); rte. de Behfmpy& [ 23°15'S 43°52'E]& fr.&  Dequaire 52 km²&  C. sakoenseis thereffre assessed as “Least Cfncern” 27573( P[ P05239831]& OEAG[ OEAG0296991); vallées du Mangfkyet de [ LC] due tf its wide distributifn in the sfuthwestern regifn l’Isahaina& aux env. de Berfrfha& [ 21°41'S 45°10'E]&  X.1933& fl.&  Humbert11339and number ff lfcalities. ( P[ P05239841]); basse vallée de?iherenana& [ 23°06'S 44°02'E]&  50–200 m&    II.1933& fl. &  Humbert11534( P[ P05239837& P05239838]); gfrges de?iherenana& entre Beantsy et Anjamala& [ 23°12'S 43°56' E]&  I.1947& fr.& Humbert 19874  Notes. –  Thisspecies differs frfm all fther species ff ( P[ P05239833]); vallée de l’Onilahy& près de Tfngfbfry& vallfn d’Andranflahy&  Combretumsect. Calopyxisby the sessile flfwers with a cfn- [ 23°31'S 44°09'E]&  5.II.1947& fr. &  Humbert20156( P[ P05239834]); ibid. lfcf& spicufusly hairy lfwer receptacle& an upper receptacle clearly  5.II.1947& fr.&  Humbert20168( P[ P05239835& P05239836]); env. de Tulear& gfrge lfnger than wide& with stamens that are nft fr hardly exserted& du?iherenana& [ 23°18'S 43°43'E]&  16.III.1960& fr.&  Keraudren761( P[ P05239754&   P05239756]); ibid. lfcf&  II.1962& y.fr.& Keraudren 1342( P[ P06603042&  and a cfmparatively shfrt cfnstrictifn between the lfwer and P06603043]); la Sakfa& [ 23°42'00"S 44°43'00"E]&  VIII.1925& fl.&  Perrierde laupper receptacle.  Bâthie17358( P[ P05239822]);  Beza Mahafaly Reservenear Betifky& 23°39'S Severalff the flder specimens ff  Combretum sakoensewere 44°38'E&  17.X.1987& fl.&  Phillipson2369( MO& P[ P05239817]& TAN);  Prfv.de cited by PERRIER DE LA BÂTHIE (1954: 18 –20)as  CalopyxisTulear&  20.XI.1921& fl.&  Poisson351( P[ P05239819]); Atsimf-Andrefana& Berferiantha. rfha&?kt. Betfrabatf& 21°40'30"S 44°59'37"E& 18.I.2011& fr.& Razakamalala 6086 (MO& P [P00842786]& TAN); env. des charbfnnages de la Sakfa& [ 23°46'S   44°34' E]&  21.II.1949& fr. & Service Forestier 488( P[ P05239820]).  Additional specimens examined.–   MADAGASCAR. Reg. Atsimo-Andrefana [Prov. Toliara]: Befandriana-Sud& [ 22°06'30"S 43°54' 30"E]&  150 m&  7.XII.1961& fl.& Appert 38( G& OEAG& Z); falaises calcaires du?iherenana& [ 22°57'30"S 44°19'00"E]&  I .1962& y.fr.&  Bosser15814( P[ P05239827& P05239828]); Distr.     Combretum sphaeroides(Tul.) Jfngkindin Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat.& B&  Adansfnia 17: 196. 1995(?ig. 4).   ÷   Calopyxis sphaeroidesTul.in Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 6: 86. 1856.    Lectotypus(designated here):  MADAGASCAR. Reg. Melaky [Prov. Mahajanga]: Ambfngf&  17.II.1841& fl.& fr.&  Pervillé667( P[ P00048129]!; isflectf-: G[ G00008891fragm.]!& P[ P00048128& P06603069& P06603077& P06603078]!).  =  Calopyxis brevistyla H. Perrierin Ann. Mus. Colon. Marseille, sér. 6, 9–10 & sér. 7, 1: 20. 1953, syn. nov. Lectotypus(designated here):  MADAGASCAR. Reg. Boeny[Prov. Mahajanga]:près du Mt. Tsitondraina, Boeny,  X.1899, fl., fr.,   Perrier de la Bâthie964(P [ P05239859]!; isolecto-: K, MO, P [ P05239858]!, TAN).  Syntypi:Tsitampiky,  19.X.1930, fl.,  Decary8187(P [ P05239842, P05239843]!); sine loco, s.d.,  Leandri280bis( P[ P05239845]!);  Majunga,  X.1924, fl.,  Perrier de la Bâthie16792( P[ P05239854]!);  Ambato-Boéni, Bevazaha( RNno 7),  16.X.1947,  Réserves Naturelles1102( P[ P05239849]!); ibid. loco,  16.X.1948,  Réserves Naturelles1166( P[ P05239850]!); ibid. loco,  1.X.1948,  Réserves Naturelles1155( P[ P05239851]!);  Ankarafantsika, RNno 7, s.d.,  Service Forestier21( P[ P05239857]!); ibid. loco, s.d.,  Service Forestier21 A( MO, P[ P05239856]!);  Ste. Marie de Marovoay, Ankarafantsika, RNno 7, s.d.,  Service Forestier43( P[ P05239852, P05239853]!).   Fig. 4.–Flowering branch of  Combretum sphaeroides(Tul.) Jongkind.[Reg. Sofia, Prov. Mahajunga, SW Mampikony, https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/64589856]  Shrub. Twigsfirst densely appressed hairy& sffn glabrfus. Leavespetifle 4–12 mmlfng; blade 1.5–5(–9.5) × 1–2.5(–4) cm& with hairy dfmatia and fften with a few hairs fn the larger veins belfw. Inflorescenceterminal& up tf 2.5 cmlfng. Flowersstipitate; receptacle greenish& sfmetimes tinged red; lfwer receptacle appressed shfrt hairy; upper receptacle cupuliffrm tf campanulate& up tf 6 × 6 mm& almfst glabrfus futside& hairy inside& pale green& fften with reddish; petals absent; stamens included tf shfrtly exserted& up tf 2 mmlfng; style nft fr hardly exserted. Fruitglfbfse tf fbfvfid& up tf 1.7 cmin diam.& glabrfus& green tf reddish fr brfwnish& with a shfrt but distinct stipe up tf 4 mmlfng.  Conservation status. – Combretum sphearoideshas a very wide distributifn frfm Mahajangain the Nfrth-OEest tf clfse tf Tfliara in the Sfuth. This species has an estimated EOO abfve the threshfld ffr the “Vulnerable” status under Criterifn B1 ff the IUCN Red List Categfries and Criteria (IUCN& 2012)& i.e.& 20&000 km² and is knfwn frfm several prftected areas& amfng them Ankarafantsika& Namfrfka& and Bemaraha. OEe thereffre cfnsider  C. sphearoidesas “Least Cfncern” [LC] due tf its wide distributifn in Madagascarand number ff lfcalities. [Photo: F. Rakotoarison]  Notes. – TULASNE (1856: 87)wrfte in his prftflfgue ff  Calopyxis sphaeroides“teste Bernerif in Herb. Bfivin (no 667)”. This shfws that  C. sphaeroideswas based fn cfllectifns frfm Auguste Pervillé (?–c. 1868) that were sent in 1846 by Alphfnse C.J. Bernier (1802–1858) tf Lfuis Hyacinthe Bfivin (1808 –1852). The typecfllectifn& Pervillé 667& cfllected in 1841 arfund Ambfngf near Majunga& was misinterpreted by PERRIER DE LA BÂTHIE (1953& 1954) as Boivin 667frfm Nfsy Bé.?ive specimens ff Pervillé 667are depfsited at P and the best-preserved material is designated here as the lectftype (P [P00048129]). Several specimens cfllected near the typelfcality ff  Combretum sphaeroides& and that are mfrphflfgically very similar tf that type& were cited by PERRIER DE LA BÂTHIE (1953& 1954) under  Calopyxis brevistyla. Perrier de la Bâthie described differences in the leaves& but recent cfllectifns& such as Jongkind 3489[OEAG.1971892] frfm Tsingy de Bemaraha& shfw these different leaf shapes fn fne single branch. Thereffre& we cfnsider  C. brevistylaas a synfnym ff  Combretum sphaeroides.   Theflfwers ff  Combretum sphaeroidesare usually 5-merfus  Referencesbut exceptifns are nft rare. TULASNE (1856)did describe the flfwers as 5 – 6-merfus& and accfrding tf PERRIER DE LABACHMAN& S. & J. MOAT (2012). GefCAT – an fpen sfurce tffl ffr BÂTHIE (1953& 1954) they are 3–4-merfus. rapid Red List assessments.  Bot. Gard. Conserv. Int. J . 9. [http:// Amfngthe numerfus syntypesff  Calopyxis brevistyla,gefcat.kew.frg] the best-preserved specimen ff  Perrier de la Bâthie964 BAKER& J. (1887).? urther cfntributifns tf the?lfra ff Madagascar. ( P[ P05239859]) is designated here as the lectftype because it  J .   Linn. Soc., Bot.22: 441–472. cfmbines flfwers and fruits and has detailed field nftes. GAUTIER& L.& J. A. TAHINARIVONY& P. RANIRISON & S. OEOHLHAUSER (2018). Vegetatifn. In: GOODMAN& S.M. et al. (ed.)& The terrestrial  Acknowledgement protected areas of Madagascar: Their history, description, and biota: 207–242. Assfciatifn Vahatra& Antananarivf. The herbarium curatfrs ff BR& G& K& P& and OEAG are thanked ffr their assistance while wfrking in their institutes& and/fr IUCN (2012). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 3.1. Ed. ffr sending specimens fn lfan. OEe thank Charles Rakftfvaf& 2. IUCN Species Survival Cfmmisifn& Gland and Cambridge. Sflfff Eric Rakftfarisfa& and?enf Rakftfarisfn ffr their JONGKIND& C.C.H. (1995). Prfdrfmus ffr a revisifn ff Cfmbretum phftfs ff  Combretum.?ranck Rakftfnasflf and Aarfn Davis (Cfmbretaceae) ffr Madagascar. Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B,are thanked ffr their help tf find the cfllectifn Davis et al. Adansonia17: 191–200. 4805and Xander van der Burgt ffr his phftfs ff herbarium JONGKIND& C.C.H & L. GAUTIER. (2011). Cfmbretum nusbaumeri specimens& bfth at K. Last but nft least we want tf thank Jfngkind & L. Gaut. (Cfmbretaceae)& a new species frfm Mad- Marina Rabarimanarivf and Greg OEahlert ffr their cfm- agascar.  Candollea66: 311–315. DOI: https://dfi.frg/10.15553/ ments& which helped tf imprfve an earlier versifn ff this c 2011v662a7 manuscript. PERRIER DE LA BÂTHIE& H. (1953). Révisifn des Cfmbrétacées de  Madagascaret des Cfmfres. Ann. Mus. Colon. Marseille& sér. 6& 9–10 & sér. 7& 1.   PERRIER DE LA BÂTHIE& H. ( 1954). Cfmbretaceae. In: HUMBERT& H. (ed.)&  Fl. Madagascar Comores 151.   SONNERAT( 2023). Base de dfnnées des cfllectifns du Muséum natifnal d’Histfire naturelle& MNHN& Paris. [ http://science. mnhn.fr/institutifn/mnhn/cfllectifn/p/item/search/ffrm]   TROPICOS( 2023). Missfuri Bftanical Garden& Saint Lfuis. [ http:// www.trfpicfs.frg]   TULASNE& L.-R. ( 1856).? lfrae madagascariensis& Cfmbretaceae.  Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 6: 75–138. 1987-10-21 BR, K, P, TAN, OEAG Betifky & Parcelle Madagascar -23.65 Beza Mahafaly Reserve 1254 44.633335 3 BR0000017370240, P05239818 1 Toliara holotype [113,994,1284,1316] P 6 P05239829 1 [1002,1451,1284,1303] 1940-10-22 P 6 P05292294 1 [801,898,1311,1330] P 6 P05292300 1 [903,999,1311,1330] P 6 P05292310 1 [1017,1451,1311,1330] 1940-10-22 P 6 P05292311 1 [113,1351,1324,1357] 1940-10-30 P Onilahy & Beza Mahafaly & Ankazfabf -22.3 1260 44.516666 6 P06603050, P06603052 1 1933-10 P, OEAG, LC Decary Ranfbe & de Behfmpy & Dequaire & du Mangfky & l'Isahaina & de Berfrfha -21.683332 1263 45.166668 6 P05292313, P05239831, OEAG0296991 1 P Humbert 125 -23.1 1257 44.033333 6 P05239841 1 1933-02 P, I -23.2 Humbert 1256 43.933334 6 P05239837, P05239838 1 [247,939,1516,1543] P This 6 P05239833 1 1947-02-05 P de l'Onilahy & de Tfngfbfry & d'Andranflahy -23.516666 Humbert 1255 44.15 6 P05239834 1 1947-02-05 P de l'Onilahy & de Tfngfbfry & d'Andranflahy -23.516666 Humbert 1255 44.15 6 P05239835, P05239836 1 1960-03-16 P de Tulear -23.3 Keraudren 1256 43.716667 6 P05239754 1 [801,907,1631,1650] P 6 P05239756 1 [929,1450,1631,1650] 1962-02 P 6 P06603042 1 1925-08 P la Sakfa & Perrier & Bathie -23.7 21 44.716667 6 P06603043, P05239822 1 1987-10-17 MO, P, TAN Several & Phillipson -23.65 Beza Mahafaly Reserve 1254 44.633335 Betifky 6 P05239817 1 1921-11-20 P Poisson Prfv. 6 P05239819 1 [801,1325,1817,1837] 1949-02-21 P 44.566666 6 P05239820 1 1961-12-07 G, OEAG, Z, I Madagascar 150 -22.958334 Befandriana-Sud 21 44.316666 6 1 Toliara [236,760,1914,1934] P Madagascar Bosser 6 P05239827, P05239828 1 Prov. 1841-02-17 P, G Madagascar Perville Ambfngf 7 P00048129, G00008891, P00048128, P06603069, P06603077, P06603078 1 Mahajanga lectotype [434,547,599,623] 1899-10 1930-10-19 1899-10 P, K, MO, TAN du Mt. Tsitondraina & Perrier de la Bathie & Decary Madagascar Ann. Mus. Colon. Marseille Mt. Tsitondraina Reg. Boeny 7 P05239859, P05239858, P05239842, P05239843 3 Mahajanga lectotype P Leandri Madagascar 7 P05239845 1 Mahajanga lectotype 1924-10 P Perrier de la Bathie Madagascar Majunga 7 P05239854 1 Mahajanga lectotype 1947-10-16 RN, P Reserves Naturelles Madagascar Bevazaha Ambato-Boeni 7 P05239849 1 Mahajanga lectotype 1948-10-16 P Reserves Naturelles Madagascar Bevazaha Ambato-Boeni 7 P05239850 1 Mahajanga lectotype 1948-10-01 P Reserves Naturelles Madagascar Bevazaha Ambato-Boeni 7 P05239851 1 Mahajanga lectotype P Ankarafantsika, RN & Service Forestier Madagascar 7 P05239857 1 Mahajanga lectotype A, MO, P Service Forestier Madagascar 7 P05239856 1 Mahajanga lectotype P Ankarafantsika, RN & Service Forestier Madagascar Ste. Marie de Marovoay 7 P05239852, P05239853 1 Mahajanga lectotype PERRIER, DE, LA The References 8 1 [333,1349,366,399] J Bot. Gard. Conserv. Int. 8 1 BAKER, J Perrier de la Bathie Amfng 8 1 syntype P, J Madagascar Madagascar 8 P05239859 1 syntype L, J, A Madagascar Linn. Soc. Bot. 8 1 syntype