Odynerus variegatus Herrich-Schäffer, 1839: 16–17 Odynerus variegatus ( Fabricius, 1793 ) Odynerus herrichii de Saussure, 1856: 309 O. variegatus Herrich-Schäffer, 1839 O. variegatus ( Fabricius, 1793 ) Odynerus basalis Smith, 1857: 58 Mortimer, 1908: 236 Pseudepipona herrichii var. derufata Blüthgen, 1951: 184–186 van der Vecht & Fischer, 1972: 83–84 Pseudepipona variegata : Blüthgen, 1952: 29 Pseudepipona herrichii : Giordani Soika, 1970: 130 Pseudepipona herrichii afromontana Gusenleitner, 1977: 142–143 Revision of the Pseudepipona herrichii-group of the eumenine wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) with the description of two new species from China and Russia Fateryga, Alexander V. Zootaxa 2022 2022-06-14 5154 2 101 126 4NMGD (de Saussure, 1856) de Saussure 1856 [151,683,151,178] Insecta Vespidae Pseudepipona Animalia Hymenoptera 9 110 Arthropoda species herrichii  ( Figs 10–12, 26, 29–38)      Odynerus variegatus Herrich-Schäffer, 1839: 16–17, ♀; typelocality: “auf Reseda luteabei Regensburg” [ Germany]; nom. praeocc., nec  Odynerus variegatus( Fabricius, 1793).   Odynerus herrichiide Saussure, 1856: 309, replacement name for  O. variegatus Herrich-Schäffer, 1839, nec  O. variegatus( Fabricius, 1793).     Odynerus basalis Smith, 1857: 58, ♀; typelocality: “Polish Ukraine”; synonymized by E. Saunders in  Mortimer, 1908: 236.     Pseudepipona herrichiivar. derufata Blüthgen, 1951: 184–186, ♀ ♂; typelocality: “ Eriwan” [ Armenia]; synonymized by  van der Vecht & Fischer, 1972: 83–84.     Pseudepipona variegata: Blüthgen, 1952: 29.   Pseudepipona herrichii: Giordani Soika, 1970: 130.     Pseudepipona herrichii afromontana Gusenleitner, 1977: 142–143, ♀ ♂; typelocality: “Oukaimeden, 2600–2800 m” [Morocco], syn. nov.   Material examined.  MOROCCO: H. Atlas, Oukaïmeden,  2700–2900 m,  12.VII.1975, 1 ♀, leg. J. Gusenleitner[ FSCV] ( paratypeof  Pseudepipona herrichii afromontana); ibid.,  12.VII.1975, 1 ♂, leg. J. Gusenleitner[ OLML] ( paratypeof  P. herrichii afromontana).  ALGERIA: Algier, 1 ♀[ ZISP].  SPAIN: Avila, 1865, 1 ♂, leg. G. Sedlitz[ ZISP]; Teruel, Albarracín: Vallejo Largo,  1170 m, 23. VI.1996, 1 ♂, leg. L. Castro[  CAFK]; Teruel, Camarena: Belneario,  1350 m, 22. VI.1996, 1 ♂, leg. L. Castro[ CAFK]; Teruel, Nacimientodel r. Tajo: Nava Seca,  1585 m, 30. VI.1990, 1 ♀, leg. L. Castro[ CAFK]; ibid.,  10.VII.1996, 1 ♂, leg. L. Castro[ CAFK].  SLOVAKIA: Čenkovu Štúrova,  28.VII.1955, 1 ♂, leg. Bouček[ OLML]; Somotor,  5.VII.1952, 1 ♀[ OLML].  MOLDOVA: Chișinău, 23. V.1899, 1 ♂, leg. Zubovskiy[ ZISP]. UKRAINE: Kuryany,  19.VII.1886, 1 ♀[ ZISP]; Poltava Governement, Krasnograd, 7. V.1923, 1 ♂, leg. F. Lukyanovich[ ZISP]; Vicinityof Kiev, Kruglik, 3. VI .1979, 1 ♀, leg. A.S. Lelej[ FSCV]; ibid., 12. VI.1979, 1 ♀, leg. A.S. Lelej[ FSCV].  RUSSIA.  Kirov Province: Malmuzh, 15–20. V .1948, 1 ♂[ ZISP].  Belgorod Province: Borisovka, 28. VI .1958, 1 ♂[ ZISP].  Saratov Province: Samara Governement, Nikolaevsk Uezd, 2 ♀, 1 ♂, leg. V.  Bostanzhoglo[ ZISP]; ibid., 6. VI,  5 ♂, leg. V.  Bostanzhoglo[ ZISP]; ibid., 7. VI,  1 ♀, 1 ♂, leg. V.  Bostanzhoglo[ ZISP]; ibid., 16. VI,  1 ♀, leg. V.  Bostanzhoglo[ ZISP]; ibid., 17. VI,  1 ♀, leg. V. Bostanzhoglo [ ZISP]; ibid., 18. VI,  3 ♀, 2 ♂, leg. V.  Bostanzhoglo[ ZISP]; ibid., 23. VI,  2 ♀, 1 ♂, leg. V.  Bostanzhoglo[ ZISP]; ibid., 1.VII, 2 ♀, 1 ♂, leg. V.  Bostanzhoglo[ ZISP]; ibid., 6.VII, 1 ♀, leg. V.  Bostanzhoglo[ ZISP]; ibid., 7.VII, 1 ♀, leg. V. Bostanzhoglo[ ZISP]; Samara Governement, Nikolayevsk Uezd, Roslyakovo, 24. VI.1898, 1 ♂, leg. E. Klements[ ZISP].  Volgograd Province: Uryupinskaya[currently Uryupinsk], Holy Mountains, 12. VI.1910, 1 ♀, leg. N.A. Popov[ ZISP].  Astrakhan Province: Astrachan[= Astrakhan], 1 ♂[ ZISP]; Bogdo,  3.VII.1877, 1 ♂[ ZISP].  StavropolTerritory: Pyatigorsk, 1886, 1 ♀[ ZISP].  Ingushetia: Salgi, 5462′,  29.VII.1927, 1 ♂, leg. A. Kiritchenko[ ZISP].  Dagestan: Petrovsk [currently Makhachkala], 23. V .1901, 1 ♂, leg. Beckmann[ ZISP]; ibid., 24. V .1901, 2 ♀, 1 ♂, leg. Beckmann[ ZISP]; ibid., 25. V .1901, 2 ♂, leg. Beckmann[ ZISP]; ibid., 27. V .1901, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, leg. Beckmann[ ZISP];  Crimea: Alma-Thal, 1 ♀[ ZISP]; Feodosiya, Lisya Bay, 11. VI .2007, 3 ♀, leg. A. V. Fateryga [ CFUS]; ibid., 13. VI .2007, 5 ♀, leg. A. V.  Fateryga[ CFUS]; ibid., 13. VI .2007, 1 ♀, leg. A. V.  Fateryga[ CAFK]; ibid., 16. VI .2007, 2 ♀, leg. A. V.  Fateryga[ CFUS]; ibid., 26. VI .2009, 2 ♀, leg. A. V.  Fateryga[ CFUS]; ibid., 12. VI .2010, 2 ♀, leg. A. V.  Fateryga[ CFUS]; ibid., 16. VI .2011, 1 ♀, leg. A. V.  Fateryga[ CFUS]; Gromovka, 6– 8. VI .1996, 2 ♂, leg. S.P. Ivanov[ CFUS]; Kerch Peninsula, Cape Chauda, on  Butomus umbellatus, 9. VI.2005, 1 ♀, leg. S.P. Ivanov[ CFUS]; Koyash[Lake],  23.VII.1900, 1 ♂[ ZISP]; Nizhnigorskiy District, Peny,  12.IX.1978, 1 ♀, leg. S.A. Mosyakin[ SMS]; Sevastopol, Kazachya Bay,  7.VII.2005, 1 ♀, leg. I.S. Turbanov[ CFUS]; Sevastopol, Khersones, 27. VI .1912, 8 ♀, leg. V.  Pliginskiy[ ZISP]; ibid., 29. VI .1912, 4 ♀, leg. V.  Pliginskiy[ ZISP]; ibid., 30. VI .1912, 1 ♀, leg. V.  Pliginskiy[ ZISP]; ibid., 21. VI .1914, 1 ♀, leg. V.  Pliginskiy[ ZISP]; Simferopol,  18.VII.1900, 1 ♀[ ZISP]; ibid., 15. V .1904, 1 ♂[ ZISP]; ibid., 15. VI .1928, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, leg. A.I. Kazanskiy[ ZISP]; ibid.,  20.VII.2002, 1 ♀, leg. A. V.  Fateryga[ CAFK]; ibid.,  20.VII.2002, 3 ♀, leg. A. V.  Fateryga[ CFUS]; ibid.,  21.VII.2002, 4 ♀, leg. A. V.  Fateryga[ CFUS]; Simferopol, Petrovskaya Balka, 13. VI .2003, 1 ♀, leg. A. V.  Fateryga[ CAFK]; ibid., 13. VI .2003, 3 ♀, leg. A. V.  Fateryga[ CFUS]; Simferopol, Salgir River valley,  13.VII.1952, 1 ♂[ OSZ]; Sudak,  7.VII.2005, 1 ♀, leg. A. V.  Fateryga[ CFUS]; Tarkhankut Peninsula, 24. VI .2003, 11 ♀, leg. A. V.  Fateryga[ CFUS]; Tarkhankut Peninsula, Bolshoy Kastel,  4.VII.2014, 1 ♀, leg. V.  Yu. Zhidkov[ CFUS]; ibid.,  22.VII.2015, 1 ♀, leg. A. V.  Fateryga[ CFUS]; Tarkhankut Peninsula, Kipchak, 24. VI .2005, 2 ♀, leg. A. V.  Fateryga[ CFUS]; ibid., 26. VI .2005, 7 ♀, leg. D. V.  Puzanov[ DPS]; ibid., 21. VI .2007, 1 ♀, leg. A. V.  Fateryga[ CFUS]; ibid., 22. VI .2007, 7 ♀, leg. A. V.  Fateryga[ CFUS]; ibid., 22. VI .2007, 1 ♀, leg. A. V.  Fateryga[ CAFK]; ibid., 25. VI .2007, 1 ♀, leg. D. V.  Puzanov[ CAFK] (with reddish spots on T2); ibid., 18. VI.2008, 1 ♂, leg. A. V. Fateryga[ CAFK]; ibid., 18. VI.2008, 1 ♀, leg. A. V. Fateryga[  CFUS]; ibid., 19. VI.2008, 2 ♂, leg. A. V. Fateryga [ CAFK]; ibid., 20. VI.2008, 6 ♀, leg. A. V. Fateryga[ CFUS]; ibid., 21. VI.2008, 2 ♂, leg. A. V. Fateryga[ CAFK]; ibid., 22. VI.2008, 4 ♀, 1 ♂, leg. A. V. Fateryga[ CFUS]; ibid., 22. VI.2008, 11 ♀, leg. D. V. Puzanov[ DPS]; Vicinity of Simferopol, 2. VI.1928, 1 ♂[ OSZ]; ibid.,  VII–VIII.1898, 1 ♀, leg. Graftio[ ZISP]; Western Coast, Cape Lukull,  8.VII.2015, 1 ♀, leg. A. V. Fateryga[ CFUS].  Bashkortostan: Ufa Governement, Belebey Uezd, 2 ♀, leg. B. Kazanskiy [ ZISP].  Orenburg Province: Upper Dneprovka,  2.VII.1934, 1 ♂, leg. L. Zimin[ ZISP]; Vicinityof Orenburg,  10.VII.1924, 1 ♀, leg. P.A. Vorontsovskiy[ ZISP]; ibid., 2. VI.1927, 1 ♂, leg. P.A. Vorontsovskiy[ ZISP]; ibid., 24. VI.1927, 1 ♀, leg. P.A. Vorontsovskiy[ ZISP]; ibid.,  13.VIII.1932, 4 ♀, leg. P.A. Vorontsovskiy[ ZISP].  Omsk Province: Omsk, 10–22. VI.1926, 1 ♂, leg. Bey-Bienko[ ZISP].  GEORGIA: Lagodechi, 1 ♀, 1 ♂[ ZISP].  ARMENIA: Eriwan[= Yerevan], 1 ♂[ ZISP]. AZERBAIJAN: Adshikent[= Hacıkənd], 1 ♂[ ZISP]; Nakhchivan AR, Babek, Goynuk, 39°18′N, 45°40′E,  1680 m, 12. VI.2019, 1 ♂, leg. M.Yu. Proshchalykin, Kh.A. Aliyev& M.M. Maharramov [ CAFK] ( Fateryga et al.2021, corresponds to var. derufata); Ordubad( Arax), 1892, 1 ♂, leg. Reitter[ ZISP] (corresponds to var. derufata). UZBEKISTAN:  Aman-Kutan,  22.VII.1931, 1 ♂, leg. V.  Gussakovskij[ ZISP]; Chatkalskiy Range  30 kmN Parkent, Aksagata Canyon, 7–10. VI .1982, 1 ♂, leg. V. L. Kazenas[ FSCV].  KYRGYZSTAN: Issyk-Kul Lake, Dolinka[currently Kara-Oy], 7. VI .1973, 1 ♂, leg. Yu. Tarbinskiy[ FSCV]; Issyk-Kul Lake, N coast, vicinity of Bosteri,  23.VII.1983, 1 ♂, leg. N. V.  Kurzenko[ FSCV]; S slopes of Moldo-Taunear Shavyr Landmark,  18.VII.1971, 1 ♀, leg. Yu.Tarbinskiy [ FSCV]; Semirechye[= Zhetysu], Pishpekskiy Uezd, Uchimchik,  11.VIII.1913, 1 ♀, leg. V. Chernavin [ ZISP]; Vicinity of Kazarman,  2000 m,  13.VII.1972, 3 ♀, leg. Yu. Tarbinskiy[ FSCV]; Vicinity of Tasharyk,  15 kmE Talas,  3.VIII.1983, 1 ♀, leg. V.L. Kazenas[ FSCV].  KAZAKHSTAN.  Akmola Province: Akmolinsk[currently Nur-Sultan], 20. VI.1931, 1 ♂, leg. V. B. Popov[ ZISP]; Bayzhanzhal,  7.VII.1957, 1 ♀, leg. Rudolf [ ZISP]; Kokshetau, near Tersakan River, 28. V.1957, 1 ♂, leg. Rudolf[ ZISP]; ibid.,  1.VII.1957, 1 ♀, leg. Rudolf [ ZISP]; ibid.,  29.VII.1958, 1 ♀, leg. Rudolf[ ZISP]; Tersakan River, 10 kmfrom Kokshetau,  9.VII.1957, 1 ♀, leg. Rudolf[ ZISP]; Vicinityo Kiyma,  7.VII.1977, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, leg. V. L. Kazenas[ FSCV]; Vicinity of Derzhavinsk,  4.VII.1977, 1 ♂, leg. V. L. Kazenas [ FSCV].  Aktobe Province: Ber Tschogur, Mugodjargebirge[currently Birshoghyr], 1 ♀, leg. L. Wollmann[ ZISP].  Almaty Province:  20 kmW Alma-Ata, 26. VI.1985, 1 ♀, leg. V. L. Kazenas [ FSCV]; Ketmen Landmark, north slopes near Podgornoye[currently Kyrgyzsay],  22.VII.1967, 1 ♀, leg. P.A. Lehr [ FSCV]; Ketmen-Tau, Bolshoy Kirgiz-Say Landmark, Nslopes,  15.VII.1968, 1 ♂[ FSCV]; N foothills of Zhetykol Range,  29.VII.1971, 1 ♀, leg. N. V. Kurzenko [ FSCV]; Sarkand[District], Topolevka, Dzhungarian Alatau, 15. VI.957, 1 ♂, leg. Kerzhner [ ZISP]; Trans-Ili Alatau, Bolshoy Dalan Canyon, 2. VI.1971, 1 ♂, leg. N. V. Kurzenko [ FSCV]; ibid., 19. VI .1971, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, leg. N. V.  Kurzenko[ FSCV]; Trans-Ili Alatau, vicinity of Alma-Ata,  6.VII.1974, 2 ♀, 20 ♂, leg. N. V.  Kurzenko[ FSCV]; Vicinity of Alma-Ata, Aksay,  12.VII.1983, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, leg. N. V.  Kurzenko[ FSCV]; AtyrauProvince, Vicinity of Sagiz,  2.VII.1969, 1 ♂, leg. V.  L. Kazenas[ FSCV].  East Kazakhstan Province: 10 kmNW UstKamenogorsk,  2.VII.1979, 1 ♀, leg. V. L. Kazenas [ FSCV];  18 kmNE Ayaguz[= Ayagoz],  1–8.VII.1986, 1 ♀, leg. V. L. Kazenas[ FSCV];  50 kmNE Ayaguz[= Ayagoz], 19. VI.1986, 1 ♂, leg. V. L. Kazenas [ FSCV];  9–12 kmW Ayaguz[= Ayagoz],  19.VII.1986, 2 ♀, leg. V. L. Kazenas [ FSCV]; Chagan-Obo, Saur,  12–14.VII.1910, 1 ♂, leg. B. Karavayev[ ZISP]; Kazakh Uplands, Kaynar, 28. V .1974, 1 ♂, leg. N. V. Kurzenko [ FSCV]; Semipalatinsk[currently Semey], 2 ♂[ ZISP]; Urdzhar, 29. VI.1962, 1 ♂, leg. V.L. Kazenas [ FSCV].  Jambyl Province: Aleksandrovskiy Range, Aulie-Ata Uezd, Kilan Canyonabove Dmitriyevka, 16. VI.1913, 1 ♀, leg. V. Chernavin [ ZISP].  Karaganda Province:  55–60 kmSEE Karkaralinsk, 21. VI .1978, 2 ♂, leg. V.  L. Kazenas[ FSCV]; Kazakh Uplands,  0–200 kmN Balkhash Lake, 25. V .1969, 1 ♀, leg. V. L. Kazenas[ FSCV].  Kostanay Province: Kunduzda River, inflow of Nura, 16. VI .1900, 1 ♀, leg. Balykleysk[iy] [ ZISP]; ibid., 22. VI –1.VII.1900, 1 ♀, leg. Balykleysk[iy] [ ZISP]; ibid., 29. VI –1.VII.1900, 1 ♀, leg. Balykleysk[iy] [ ZISP]; Vicinity of Arkalyk, 22. VI .1977, 1 ♂, leg. V.  L. Kazenas[ FSCV].  North Kazakhstan Province: Omsk Uezd, W of Teke Lake,  21.VIII.1899, 1 ♀, leg. Ignatov[ ZISP]. COUNTRY UNCERTAIN: Caucasus, 1 ♂[ ZISP].  Observations on iNaturalist.  RUSSIA.  Crimea: Tarkhankut Peninsula, 45.49°N, 32.60°E, 13.  VI.2014, 1 ♀, A.  V. Fateryga (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/68380454); ibid., 20.  VI.2008, 2 ♀, A.  V. Fateryga (https:// www.inaturalist.org/observations/68370002, https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/68691548); ibid., 6.  VII.2018, 1 ♀, A.  V. Fateryga (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/68691549).  Additional literature records. MOROCCO: H. Atlas, Oukaïmeden, 2800–3000 m( Gusenleitner 1977); H. Atlas, Oukaïmeden, 4 kmE, 2300 m( Gusenleitner 1977). GREAT BRITAIN: Between Wareham and Studland ( Spooner 1934); Bloxworth Heath ( Spooner 1934); In close proximity to Swanage, Studland Heath ( Spooner 1934); Isle of Purbek, Studland ( Spooner 1934); Isle of Purbek, Wareham ( Spooner 1934); Stoborough Heath, between Wareham and Corfe ( Spooner 1934). THE NETHERLANDS: Roermond ( Blüthgen 1961); Roozendaal ( Blüthgen 1961). FRANCE: Aveyron ( Berland 1928); Basses-Alpes: Escaffarels ( Berland 1928); Lyon ( Blüthgen 1961). SWITZERLAND: Wallisbei Sierre und Sion ( Blüthgen 1961). AUSTRIA: Guntramsdorfer Sandgruben ( Blüthgen 1961); Neusiedlersee ( Blüthgen 1961); Stammersdorf und Oberweiden ( Blüthgen 1961). PORTUGAL: Algarve, Aljezur, Ponta da Atalaia ( Baldock et al.2020); Algarve, Aljezur, W of Vale de Telha ( Baldock et al.2020); Algarve, Ponta da Atalia ( Baldock et al.2020). SPAIN: Bayona und Montseny ( Blüthgen 1961); Cuenca ( Blüthgen 1951); Losilla bei Albarracin ( Blüthgen 1951); Montarco ( Blüthgen 1961). ITALY: Bei Bozen ( Blüthgen 1961); Calabrien( Blüthgen 1961). SLOVENIA( Gusenleitner 2013). CROATIA( Gusenleitner 2013). MONTENEGRO( Gusenleitner 2013). SERBIA( Gusenleitner 2013). GREECE: Attica( Blüthgen 1951); Syra ( Blüthgen 1951). HUNGARY: Budapest( Móczár 1938); Isaszeg ( Móczár 1938); Péczel ( Móczár 1938). CZECH REPUBLIC( Gusenleitner 2013). ROMANIA: Nagyvárad ( Móczár 1938). UKRAINE: Donetsk Province, Nozoazovsk District, Khomutovskaya Steppe Preserve ( Amolin 2009); Donetsk Province, Starobeshevo District, vicinity of Razdolnoye ( Amolin 2009); Lugansk Province, Sverdlovsk District, Provalskaya Steppe Preserve ( Amolin 2009); SE outskirts of Donetsk( Amolin 2009). BELARUS: Provincia Mohileviensis ( Arnold 1902). RUSSIA.  Rostov Province: Azov District, Ust-Koysug ( Amolin & Artokhin 2014); Rostov-on-Don, Botanical Garden ( Amolin & Artokhin 2014); Semikarakorsk District, Kirsanovka ( Amolin & Artokhin 2014); Sholokhovskiy District, Veshenskaya ( Amolin & Artokhin 2014). GEORGIA: Achalzik ( Blüthgen 1951); Lagodechi ( Blüthgen 1951). TURKEY: Ankara, Elma Dagi, 1000 m( Giordani Soika 1970a); Ankara, Idris Dagi, 1300 m( Giordani Soika 1970a); Bayburt: Kopdağı, Şehitler Çeşmesi, 2400 m( Yildirim & Gusenleitner 2009); Erzurum, Kopdagi Gecidi, 6500 piedi ( Giordani Soika 1970a); Erzurum: Oltu, 1455 m( Yildirim & Gusenleitner 2015); Hakkari: Yüksekova, Akçalı, 37°21′N, 44°03′E, 1700 m( Yildirim & Gusenleitner 2012); Kares, Ararat, Karasu Spring, 2400 piedi ( Giordani Soika 1970a); Kars, Ilgaz Dagi, 1300 m( Giordani Soika 1970a); Province Hakkari: Yüksekova—Semdinli, Sumpfwiese ( Madl 1997). UZBEKISTAN: Schachimardan ( Blüthgen 1951).   Diagnosis.Females of this species can be distinguished from other members of the  P. herrichii-group by the following combination of characters: clypeus 1.10–1.15× as wide as long, black with a basal whitish or yellow band; scutellum with an apical band usually thicker than that on the metanotum and somewhat interrupted medially, sometimes the band on the metanotum or rarely both bands are reduced; propodeum with a weakly developed transverse carina between the shelf and concavity forming laterally rather right angles; propodeal valvula rounded posteriorly; T1 without three small longitudinal carinae. In the males, the clypeus is also 1.10–1.15× as wide as long; cuspis with a very long and relatively narrow dorsal process which is longer than its width at the base; base of the digitus attached somewhat below the top of the cuspis apex so that the latter is protruding as a short free acute spine; aedeagus with a median expansion; ventral lobe of the aedeagus small, in lateral view approximately as large as the median expansion.   Distribution. Morocco, Algeria, Great Britain, The Netherlands, France, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia, Greece, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania, Moldova, Ukraine, Belarus, Russia( Kirov Province, Belgorod Province, Saratov Province, Rostov Province, Volgograd Province, Astrakhan Province, StavropolTerritory, Ingushetia, Dagestan, Crimea, Bashkortostan, Orenburg Province, Omsk Province), Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan(Akmola Province, Aktobe Province, Almaty Province, East Kazakhstan Province, Jambyl Province, Karaganda Province, Kostanay Province, North Kazakhstan Province) ( Fig. 26). The reports from the Novosibirsk Province of Russia(e.g., Fateryga & Mokrousov 2019; Fateryga et al.2020) probably refer to  P. aldrichi, as are most records from Mongoliaand China(e.g., Buyanjargal et al.2017; Bai et al.2021) except a few that could actually refer to  P. valentinae  sp. nov.The presence of the true  P. herrichiiin Chinais, however, still possible because it is distributed in the neighboring Kyrgyzstanand the eastern provinces of Kazakhstan. The reports of  P. herrichiifrom Syria( Fateryga & Mokrousov 2019; Fateryga et al.2020; Rahmani et al.2020) were typos (actually referring to Syra in Greece, Blüthgen 1951). The reports from Turkmenistan, in the same papers cited above, were not confirmed by the present study, however, its presence there is possible. The report from Iran( Gusenleitner 1998) also needs confirmation (see Rahmani et al.2020). All reports from North America refer to  P. aldrichi(see above).   Remarks.This species is very polymorphic in coloration. Specimens from Morocco(  P. herrichii afromontana), Portugal, Spain, and Azerbaijan (  P.herrichii derufata) are black with yellow ( Figs 29, 37); those from Azerbaijan ( Fig. 37and Fig. 27in Fateryga et al.2021) are, in addition, characterized by a coarser punctation of the metasomal terga. Typical specimens from the main part of the species range are black with whitish bands on the body and mostly reddish legs and T1 ( Figs 31, 33). However, several different color forms can be present even in the same region such as the Crimea (cf. Figs 31, 35, 36) or Tien Shan in Kyrgyzstanand the Almaty Provinceof Kazakhstan. The male genitalia are also somewhat variable in the size of the dorsal process of cuspis and the shape of the median expansion of the aedeagus (particularly, this expansion is more acute in the specimens from the westernmost parts of the species range) but these variations seem to be not correlated with the coloration.   FIGURES 29–37.  Pseudepipona herrichii(de Saussure, 1856). 29, 31, 33, 35–37, habitus in dorsal view (29, 31, 35, 36, ♀; 33, 37, ♂); 30, 32, 34, head in frontal view (30, 32, ♀; 34, ♂). 29, 30, Morocco (paratype of  P. herrichii afromontana Gusenleitner, 1977); 31–36, Russia: Crimea; 37, Azerbaijan. Scale bars 1 mm.  Bionomics.Nests of this species were documented mostly in Great Britainby Mortimer (1908)and Spooner (1934). They noted that the nests were excavated close to each other in sandy soil. Females excavated their nests by extracting sand particles from the burrow and depositing them in approximately 1–2 inches(= 2.5–5.1 cm) from the entrance. The depth of the nests were about 1.5–2.5 inches (= 3.8–6.4 cm); there was no turret at the nest entrance. Apparently, the females used water to moisten the substrate during the excavation. In the Crimea, females were often observed collecting water ( Fig. 38), including water from the sea ( Fateryga & Zhidkov 2012). Spooner (1934)reported that the number of cells in the nests was from one to three; an illustrated three-celled nest had a branched or perhaps a linear-branched structure. The egg was suspended with a thread. Complete nests were sealed by filling the burrow with sand particles, apparently without their bonding with liquid. Baldock et al.(2020)published a photo of a female excavating its nest burrow in Portugal, also in sandy soil. Provision of  P. herrichiiis moth caterpillars, probably in the genus  DepressariaHaworth( Lepidoptera: Depressariidae) ( Mortimer 1908). They live on the grass, in cocoon-like webs from which the wasp females have to capture them. Ferton (1909)reported a female searching for caterpillars on the ground surface under the grass but that case might refer to a female that had lost its prey and tried to find it (cf. Spooner 1934). The number of prey items recorded per cell was 8–13 ( Spooner 1934). Adult feeding of  P. herrichiiwas recorded on flowers of  Reseda luteaL. ( Resedaceae) in Germany( Herrich-Schäffer 1839) and  Butomus umbellatusL. ( Butomaceae) in the Crimea (see Material examined). 3808275562 1975-07-12 FSCV, OLML J. Gusenleitner Morocco 2800 Oukaimeden Atlas 9 110 2 1 1 paratype 3808275409 [602,958,704,731] ZISP Algeria Algier 9 110 1 1 Alger paratype 3808275494 ZISP, VI L. Castro Spain 1170 Teruel Avila 9 110 1 1 paratype 3808275558 1996-07-10 ZISP, VI L. Castro Spain 1170 Teruel Avila 9 110 1 1 1 paratype 3808275514 1952-07-05 1955-07-28 1952-07-05 OLML Boucek Slovakia Cenkov Somotor Sturova 9 110 2 1 1 paratype 3808275311 1886-07-19 V Zubovskiy Moldova Chisinau 9 110 1 1 1 Chisinau paratype 3808275387 FSCV, VI A. S. Lelej Ukraine Vicinity 9 110 1 1 Kyiv paratype 3808275575 [797,1319,956,983] V Malmuzh Russia Kirov Province 9 110 1 Kirov paratype 3808275674 ZISP, VI Borisovka Russia Belgorod Province 9 110 1 1 Belgorod paratype 3808275531 ZISP, V Russia Nikolaevsk Uezd Governement 9 110 4 2 2 Saratov paratype 3808275606 [492,861,1028,1055] ZISP, VI Bostanzhoglo Russia Nikolaevsk Uezd Governement 9 110 1 Saratov paratype 3808275353 [873,996,1028,1055] V Russia 9 110 5 5 paratype 3808275485 [1007,1375,1028,1055] ZISP, VI Bostanzhoglo Russia 9 110 1 paratype 3808275303 V Russia 9 110 2 1 1 paratype 3808275676 [286,671,1064,1091] ZISP, VI Bostanzhoglo Russia 9 110 1 paratype 3808275319 [683,807,1064,1091] V Russia 9 110 1 1 paratype 3808275362 [818,1202,1064,1091] ZISP, VI Bostanzhoglo Russia 9 110 1 paratype 3808275369 [1214,1338,1064,1091] V Russia 9 110 1 1 paratype 3808275625 ZISP, VI Russia 9 110 1 paratype 3808275641 [476,665,1100,1127] V Russia 9 110 5 3 2 paratype 3808275402 [678,1067,1100,1127] ZISP, VI Bostanzhoglo Russia 9 110 1 paratype 3808275560 [1081,1270,1100,1127] V Russia 9 110 3 2 1 paratype 3808275355 ZISP, V Bostanzhoglo Russia 9 110 3 2 1 paratype 3808275535 [586,1111,1136,1163] ZISP, V Bostanzhoglo Russia 9 110 1 1 paratype 3808275360 1877-07-03 1927-07-29 1877-07-03 ZISP, V V. Bostanzhoglo Russia Governement 9 110 1 1 1 Samara paratype 3808275445 1877-07-03 1927-07-29 1877-07-03 ZISP, V Beckmann Russia Bogdo 9 110 1 1 Astrakhan' paratype 3808275661 [207,778,1352,1379] 1877-07-03 1927-07-29 1877-07-03 ZISP, V Beckmann Russia Bogdo 9 110 3 2 1 Astrakhan' paratype 3808275321 [778,1293,1352,1379] 1877-07-03 1927-07-29 1877-07-03 ZISP, V Beckmann Russia Bogdo 9 110 2 2 Astrakhan' paratype 3808275591 ZISP, VI Beckmann Russia Crimea Feodosiya Alma-Thal 9 110 3 2 1 paratype 3808275460 [1135,1360,1388,1415] V Russia 9 110 3 3 paratype 3808275603 CFUS, VI Russia 9 110 1 paratype 3808275333 [428,653,1424,1451] V Russia 9 110 5 5 paratype 3808275650 [662,996,1424,1451] CFUS, VI Fateryga Russia 9 110 1 paratype 3808275533 [996,1221,1424,1451] V Russia 9 110 1 1 paratype 3808275582 CAFK, VI Fateryga Russia 9 110 1 paratype 3808275631 [282,518,1460,1487] V Russia 9 110 2 2 paratype 3808275301 [530,875,1460,1487] CFUS, VI Fateryga Russia 9 110 1 paratype 3808275302 [875,1110,1460,1487] V Russia 9 110 2 2 paratype 3808275356 CFUS, VI Fateryga Russia 9 110 1 paratype 3808275617 [182,426,1496,1523] V Russia 9 110 2 2 paratype 3808275528 [441,793,1496,1523] CFUS, VI Fateryga Russia 9 110 1 paratype 3808275633 [793,1037,1496,1523] V Russia 9 110 1 1 paratype 3808275441 CFUS, VI Fateryga Russia 9 110 1 paratype 3808275310 1900-07-23 2005-07-07 1900-07-23 CFUS, VI S. P. Ivanov & Cape Chauda Russia Koyash Kerch Peninsula Nizhnigorskiy District 9 110 2 3 2 paratype 3808275378 [353,566,1640,1667] V Russia 9 110 8 8 paratype 3808275609 [580,932,1640,1667] ZISP, VI Pliginskiy Russia 9 110 1 paratype 3808275580 [933,1146,1640,1667] V Russia 9 110 4 4 paratype 3808275307 ZISP, VI Pliginskiy Russia 9 110 1 paratype 3808275326 [217,407,1676,1703] V Russia 9 110 1 1 paratype 3808275399 [415,749,1676,1703] ZISP, VI Pliginskiy Russia 9 110 1 paratype 3808275348 [749,940,1676,1703] V Russia 9 110 1 1 paratype 3808275380 1900-07-18 ZISP, V Pliginskiy Russia Simferopol 9 110 1 1 paratype 3808275417 [403,741,1712,1739] 1900-07-18 ZISP, VI Pliginskiy Russia true Simferopol 9 110 1 1 paratype 3808275595 2002-07-20 ZISP, V A. I. Kazanskiy Russia true Simferopol 9 110 3 2 1 paratype 3808275334 [315,899,1748,1775] 2002-07-20 CAFK, V Fateryga Russia true Simferopol 9 110 3 3 paratype 3808275363 2002-07-21 CFUS, V Fateryga Russia true Simferopol 9 110 4 4 paratype 3808275488 [215,883,1784,1811] CFUS, VI Fateryga & Petrovskaya Balka Russia Simferopol 9 110 1 paratype 3808275655 [883,1136,1784,1811] V Russia 9 110 1 1 paratype 3808275572 CAFK, VI Fateryga Russia 9 110 1 paratype 3808275645 [215,456,1820,1847] V Russia 9 110 3 3 paratype 3808275477 1952-07-13 2005-07-07 1952-07-13 CFUS, OSZ, V Fateryga Russia Simferopol Sudak Salgir River valley 9 110 2 1 1 paratype 3808275463 [451,983,1856,1883] CFUS, VI Fateryga Russia 9 110 1 paratype 3808275424 [983,1224,1856,1883] V Russia 9 110 11 11 paratype 3808275453 2014-07-04 CFUS, V Fateryga Russia Bolshoy Kastel Tarkhankut Peninsula 9 110 1 1 paratype 3808275435 2015-07-22 CFUS, V Yu. Zhidkov Russia Bolshoy Kastel Tarkhankut Peninsula 9 110 1 1 paratype 3808275318 [216,888,1928,1955] CFUS, VI Fateryga & Kipchak Russia Tarkhankut Peninsula 9 110 1 paratype 3808275522 [888,1140,1928,1955] V Russia 9 110 2 2 paratype 3808275365 CFUS, VI Fateryga Russia 9 110 1 paratype 3808275588 [217,444,1964,1991] V Russia 9 110 7 7 paratype 3808275680 [454,771,1964,1991] DPS, VI Puzanov Russia 9 110 1 paratype 3808275662 [771,998,1964,1991] V Russia 9 110 1 1 paratype 3808275451 [1008,1346,1964,1991] CFUS, VI Fateryga Russia 9 110 1 paratype 3808275643 V Russia 9 110 7 7 paratype 3808275599 [290,628,2000,2027] CFUS, VI Fateryga Russia 9 110 1 paratype 3808275325 [628,853,2000,2027] V Russia 9 110 1 1 paratype 3808275513 [863,1205,2000,2027] CAFK, VI Fateryga Russia 9 110 1 paratype 3808275510 [1205,1433,2000,2027] V Russia 9 110 1 1 paratype 3808275395 1898-07 2015-07-08 1898-07 CAFK, VI A.V. Fateryga Russia Ufa Governement Vicinity of Simferopol Western Coast 10 111 T2 1 1 1 Bashkortostan paratype 3808275546 [418,970,186,213] 1898-07 2015-07-08 1898-07 CAFK, VI A.V. Fateryga Russia Ufa Governement Vicinity of Simferopol Western Coast 10 111 T2 1 1 1 Bashkortostan paratype 3808275436 1898-07 2015-07-08 1898-07 CAFK, VI Puzanov Russia Ufa Governement Vicinity of Simferopol Western Coast 10 111 T2 1 1 1 Bashkortostan paratype 3808275489 1898-07 2015-07-08 1898-07 OSZ, ZISP, V Bey-Bienko Russia Ufa Governement true Cape Lukull Western Coast 10 111 3 2 1 Bashkortostan paratype 3808275484 [382,838,474,501] ZISP Georgia 1680 39.3 Lagodechi 1170 45.666668 Adshikent 10 111 2 1 1 Yerevan paratype 3808275419 ZISP M.Yu. Proshchalykin & Kh.A. Aliyev & M.M. Maharramov Armenia 1680 39.3 Lagodechi 1170 45.666668 Adshikent 10 111 2 1 1 Yerevan paratype 3808275523 ZISP Nakhchivan AR & Goynuk Georgia 1680 39.3 Lagodechi 1170 45.666668 Adshikent 10 111 2 1 1 Yerevan paratype 3808275313 [236,677,619,645] 1931-07-22 V Armenia Aman-Kutan 10 111 1 1 paratype 3808275601 ZISP, VI Gussakovskij & Canyon Armenia Chatkalskiy Range 10 111 1 paratype 3808275541 [400,601,655,681] V Armenia 10 111 1 1 paratype 3808275351 [605,828,654,681] FSCV Kazenas Armenia 10 111 1 paratype 3808275401 VI Dolinka Kyrgyzstan Issyk-Kul Lake 10 111 1 paratype 3808275548 1983-07-23 FSCV, V Yu. Tarbinskiy Kyrgyzstan Bosteri Issyk-Kul Lake 10 111 2 2 paratype 3808275607 1913-08-11 1971-07-18 1913-08-11 FSCV, V Yu. Tarbinskiy Kyrgyzstan Shavyr Landmark Moldo-Tau 10 111 2 2 paratype 3808275620 [194,1346,762,789] 1913-08-11 1971-07-18 1913-08-11 FSCV, V V. Chernavin Kyrgyzstan 2000 Shavyr Landmark Moldo-Tau 10 111 2 2 paratype 3808275386 1913-08-11 1971-07-18 1913-08-11 FSCV, V Yu. Tarbinskiy Kyrgyzstan 2000 Shavyr Landmark Moldo-Tau 10 111 2 2 paratype 3808275517 1957-07-07 VI Akmolinsk & Nur-Sultan Kazakhstan Bayzhanzhal Akmola Province Kokshetau 10 111 1 1 1 Akmola Province paratype 3808275615 1957-07-07 1977-07-07 1957-07-01 VI Akmolinsk & Nur-Sultan Kazakhstan Bayzhanzhal Akmola Province Kokshetau 10 111 1 1 1 Akmola Province paratype 3808275312 1957-07-01 1977-07-07 1957-07-01 ZISP, V Rudolf Kazakhstan Tersakan River Vicinity Kokshetau 10 111 6 4 2 paratype 3808275469 [561,1337,978,1005] 1977-07-04 FSCV, V Kazenas Kazakhstan Vicinity of Derzhavinsk 10 111 1 1 paratype 3808275377 1967-07-22 1971-07-29 1967-07-22 FSCV, ZISP, VI V.L. Kazenas Kazakhstan Aktobe Province Mugodjargebirge Ber Tschogur 10 111 1 1 1 Almaty Oblysy paratype 3808275466 1967-07-22 1971-07-29 1967-07-22 FSCV, ZISP, VI P.A. Lehr Kazakhstan Aktobe Province Mugodjargebirge Ber Tschogur 10 111 1 1 1 Almaty Oblysy paratype 3808275430 1967-07-22 1971-07-29 1967-07-22 FSCV, ZISP, VI N.V. Kurzenko Kazakhstan Aktobe Province Mugodjargebirge Ber Tschogur 10 111 1 1 1 Almaty Oblysy paratype 3808275476 [383,1436,1158,1185] 1967-07-22 1971-07-29 1967-07-22 FSCV, ZISP, VI Kerzhner Kazakhstan Aktobe Province Mugodjargebirge Ber Tschogur 10 111 1 1 1 Almaty Oblysy paratype 3808275605 [151,1106,1194,1221] 1967-07-22 1971-07-29 1967-07-22 FSCV, ZISP, VI N.V. Kurzenko Kazakhstan Aktobe Province Mugodjargebirge Ber Tschogur 10 111 1 1 1 Almaty Oblysy paratype 3808275440 [1113,1347,1194,1221] 1967-07-22 1971-07-29 1967-07-22 FSCV, ZISP, VI L. Wollmann Kazakhstan Aktobe Province Mugodjargebirge Ber Tschogur 10 111 1 1 1 Almaty Oblysy paratype 3808275504 V Kazakhstan 10 111 2 1 1 paratype 3808275553 [367,1433,1230,1257] 1974-07-06 FSCV, V Kurzenko Kazakhstan Alma-Ata Trans-Ili Alatau 10 111 22 2 20 paratype 3808275584 [151,1061,1266,1293] 1983-07-12 FSCV, V Kurzenko Kazakhstan Aksay Vicinity of Alma-Ata 10 111 2 1 1 paratype 3808275578 1969-07-02 FSCV, V Kurzenko Kazakhstan Vicinity of Sagiz 10 111 1 1 Atyrau Oblysy paratype 3808275448 1979-07-02 1986-07-08 1986-07-01 FSCV, V L. Kazenas Kazakhstan Kamenogorsk 10 111 1 1 Shyghys Qazaqstan Oblysy paratype 3808275630 1979-07-02 1986-07-08 1986-07-01 FSCV, V L. Kazenas Kazakhstan Kamenogorsk 10 111 1 1 Shyghys Qazaqstan Oblysy paratype 3808275581 [177,1186,1374,1401] 1986-07-19 1910-07-14 1910-07-12 FSCV, VI V.L. Kazenas Kazakhstan Chagan-Obo 50 km NE Ayaguz Saur 10 111 1 2 1 paratype 3808275411 1986-07-19 1910-07-14 1910-07-12 FSCV, V V.L. Kazenas Kazakhstan Chagan-Obo Ayagoz Saur 10 111 2 2 1 paratype 3808275404 1986-07-19 1910-07-14 1910-07-12 FSCV, V L. Kazenas Kazakhstan Chagan-Obo Ayagoz Saur 10 111 2 2 1 paratype 3808275554 [735,1097,1447,1473] V Kurzenko & Urdzhar Kazakhstan Semipalatinsk 10 111 1 1 paratype 3808275626 FSCV, ZISP, VI V.L. Kazenas Kazakhstan Semipalatinsk 10 111 2 2 Jambyl Province paratype 3808275495 FSCV, ZISP, VI V. Chernavin Kazakhstan Semipalatinsk 10 111 2 1 2 Jambyl Province paratype 3808275559 ZISP, VI Chernavin Kazakhstan 55 - 60 km SEE Karkaralinsk 10 111 1 Karaganda Province paratype 3808275403 [737,934,1555,1581] V Kazakhstan 10 111 2 2 paratype 3808275659 FSCV, V L. Kazenas Kazakhstan Kazakh Uplands 10 111 1 paratype 3808275618 [460,664,1590,1617] V Kazakhstan 10 111 1 1 paratype 3808275428 FSCV, VI Kazenas & Nura Kazakhstan Kunduzda River 10 111 1 Kostanay Province paratype 3808275525 [286,863,1626,1653] ZISP, VI Balykleysk Kazakhstan Kunduzda River 10 111 1 1 Kostanay Province paratype 3808275394 ZISP, VI Balykleysk Kazakhstan Kunduzda River 10 111 1 1 Kostanay Province paratype 3808275551 [218,1017,1662,1689] ZISP, VI Balykleysk Kazakhstan Vicinity of Arkalyk 10 111 1 1 paratype 3808275519 [1017,1210,1663,1689] V Kazakhstan 10 111 1 1 paratype 3808275663 1899-08-21 FSCV, ZISP L. Kazenas & Ignatov Kazakhstan Caucasus Omsk Uezd 10 111 2 1 1 Soltustik Qazaqstan Oblysy paratype 3808275644 [550,1273,1770,1797] Russia 45.49 Crimea 678 32.6 Tarkhankut Peninsula 10 111 1 3808275576 [1273,1429,1771,1797] VI Russia 10 111 1 1 3808275681 [177,1019,1806,1833] V Russia 10 111 1 3808275672 [1018,1171,1807,1833] VI Russia 10 111 2 2 3808275649 V Russia 10 111 1 3808275391 VII Russia 10 111 1 1 3808275366 [231,960,1878,1905] V Russia 10 111 1