Systematics and biogeography of Salina MacGillivray (Collembola: Entomobryoidea), with emphasis on the species groups in the New World Oliveira, Fábio G. L. Cipola, Nikolas G. Almeida, Eduardo A. B. Insect Systematics & Evolution 2020 2020-01-02 51 81 138 Oliveira¹ & Cipola² & Almeida¹, 2020 Oliveira¹ & Cipola² & Almeida¹ 2020 [98,252,1278,1304] Entognatha Paronellidae Salina Animalia Collembola 23 104 Arthropoda species bellinii sp. nov.   Figures 9 B, 10B, 11B, 12B, 13B, 14A and D, 15B, 16B, 17C-D, 18B, 19E ZooBank: http://zoobank.org/ B4A5BAD7-4B35-474A-8080-775A42B2F5EE   Diagnosis Body with scarce blue pigmentation, usually on lateral; Ant I with 3–4 mac; cephalic groove only with ciliate chaetae; Th II–Abd I with 2–5, 5–9, 2–4 central mac, respectively; Abd III with 6 lateral mac ( a7, am6, pm6, p6, p7iand one unnamed); Abd IV with 8 central mac ( A3–5absent) and 10 lateral mac; collophore with 7 anterior, 2 posterior and 10 lateral flap chaetae; trochanteral organ with 13 spine-like chaetae; manubrial plate with 2–3 chaetae.     Typematerial   Holotype ♂on slide (COLLE 043/INPA): Brazil, Pará, Oriximinámunicipality, Porto Trombetas district, “Platô Aviso”, 01°45’01”S, 56°30’30” W, Amazon forest,  180 m,  06-14.viii.2008, Malaise-trap, ML Oliveira& Y Antoninecoll.  Paratypeson slides (COLLE 043A-H/INPA): 2 ♂and 7 ♀and 13 specimensin alcohol, same data as holotype.   Additional examined material  1 ♀on slide and  1 specimenin alcohol (INPA): Brazil, Roraima, Caracaraímunicipality, National Park“Serra da Mocidade”, 01°36’N; 61°54’W, Amazon forest,  600 m,  15-26.i.2016, Malaise-trap, FF Xavier, R Boldrini& P Barrosocoll.  1 juvenileon slide (INPA): idem, except yellow plate trap.  1 ♂on slide (INPA): Pará, Alter do Chãomunicipality, “Porto Novo district”, 02°37’48”S, 54°58’54”W, Amazon forest,  14 m,  01-02.x.2012, Pitfall-trap, JMC Nascimentocoll.  1 ♀on slide (INPA): Rurópolismunicipality, waterfall of “Grin”, road BR-163, 04°05’40”S, 55°00’53”W, Amazon forest,  68 m,  05-06.xi.2012, Pitfall-trap, JMC Nascimentocoll. 2 ♂, 1 ♀and 1 juvenilein the same slide and  3 specimensin alcohol (INPA): Belémmunicipality, urban area, 01°24’07”, 48°26’32”W,  14 m,  08-10.i.2013, Pitfall-trap, RS Sovanocoll.  1 ♀on slide (INPA): Salinópolismunicipality, urban area, 00°37’28”S, 47°20’31”W, Amazon forest,  17 m,  28-30.xii.2012, Pitfall-trap, MBCS Graçacoll.  1 ♀on slide (INPA): Rio Grande do Norte, Baía Formosamunicipality, Private Reserve of Natural Patrimony(RPPN) “Mata Estrela”, 06°23’S, 35°00’W,  60 m,  11.xii.2012, Pitfall-trap, DD Silvacoll.  1 ♀on slide (INPA): Paraíba, Sapémunicipality, urban area, 07°06’18”S, 35°14’03”W,  106 m,  17.iii.2014, aspirator, DD Silvacoll.  1 ♀on slide (INPA): Bananeirasmunicipality, State Ecological Reserveof “Goiamunduba”, 06°44’S, 35°36’W,  475 m,  18.iii.2014, beating tray, DD Silvacoll.   Description Total length (head + trunk) of holotype1.53 mm. Specimens pale white with dark blue pigments on Ant I–IV, strongly on anterior head, intersegmental areas of antenna and Th II to Abd III; and one longitudinal inner spot on all tibiotarsi. Eyepatches black ( Figure 9B). Head. Ant I dorsally with 3–4 mac (one outer distal present or absent) and 5 basal spiny smooth mic ( Figure 10B). Posterior labial chaetotaxy series ‘CG’ with 6 ciliate chaetae ( CG1-3, CG5, CG7–7e); series ‘PLM’ with 2 ciliate chaetae ( PLM1–2); series ‘PLE’ with 2 ciliate chaetae ( PLE1–2); lateral side with about 14 ciliate chaetae ( Figure 11B). Dorsal chaetotaxy. Th II with 2–5 ‘p’ mac ( p1–4), p1i, p2and p4present or absent. Th III with 5–9 ‘p’ mac ( p1–5), p1i2, p2a, p3pand p4present or absent ( Figure12B).Abd I with1‘a’ mac( a3)and2–3‘p’ mac( m3–5), a3and m5present or absent ( Figure 13B). Abd III with 1 ‘a’ mac ( a7), 2 ‘m’ mac ( am6, pm6), and 3 ‘p’ mac ( p6, p7iand one unnamed) (similar to  S. brasiliana  sp.n., Figure 14A). Abd IV with 2 ‘A’ mac ( A1, A6); 1 ‘Ae’ mac ( Ae1); 3 ‘B’ mac ( B3–5); 1 ‘Be’ mac ( Be1); 1 ‘C’ mac ( C1); 4 ‘E’ mac ( E1-4); 4 ‘F’ mac ( F1–F3p); 2 ‘Fe’ mac ( Fe1–3); posterior side with 3 sens typeIV ( psand two unnamed) (similar to  S. brasiliana  sp.n., Figure 14D). Abd V with 3 ‘a’ mac ( a3, a5–6); 4–5 ‘m’ mac ( m0, m2–3, m5–5a), m0present or absent; and 3 ‘p’ mac ( p1, p3–4) ( Figure 15B).   Fig. 10.Head structures of  Salinaspp.: (A–I ), Ant I dorsal chaetotaxy (right): (A),  Salina brasiliana  sp.n.; (B),  S. bellinii  sp.n.; (C),  S. bicolor  sp.n.; (D),  S. hamadae  sp.n.; (E),  S. maculipenis  sp.n.; (F),  S. peruana  sp.n.; (G),  S. serrana  sp.n.; (H),  S. tocantinensis  sp.n.; (I),  S. unisetosa  sp.n., arrow indicates mac present or absent. (J–K), general structures of anterior and ventral head: (J), labral papillae, prelabral and labral chaetotaxy; (K), maxillary outer lobe and sublobal plate; (L), labial palp and proximal chaetae; (M), labial basolateral and basomedian fields.   Fig. 11.Head ventral chaetotaxy of  Salinaspp.: (A),  Salina brasiliana  sp.n.; (B),  S. bellinii  sp.n.; (C),  S. bicolor  sp.n.; (D),  S. hamadae  sp.n.; (E),  S. maculipenis  sp.n.; (F),  S. peruana  sp.n.; (G),  S. serrana  sp.n.; (H),  S. tocantinensis  sp.n.; (I),  S. unisetosa sp.n.   Fig. 12.Th II–III dorsal chaetotaxy of  Salinaspp.: (A),  Salina brasiliana  sp.n.; (B),  S. bellinii  sp.n.; (C),  S. bicolor  sp.n.; (D),  S. hamadae  sp.n.; (E),  S. maculipenis  sp.n.; (F),  S. peruana  sp.n.; (G),  S. serrana  sp.n.; (H),  S. tocantinensis  sp.n.; (I),  S. unisetosa sp.n.   Fig. 13.Abd I dorsal chaetotaxy of  Salinaspp.: (A),  Salina brasiliana  sp.n.; (B),  S. bellinii  sp.n.; (C),  S. bicolor  sp.n.; (D),  S. hamadae  sp.n.; (E),  S. maculipenis  sp.n.; (F),  S. peruana  sp.n.; (G),  S. serrana  sp.n.; (H),  S. tocantinensis  sp.n.; (I),  S. unisetosa sp.n. Appendages. Trochanteral organ with 13 smooth spine-like chaetae ( Fig 16B). Collophore anterior side with 2 subapical mac of unequal length and 1 median mes, and 4 proximal smooth mic; posterior side with 1 apical and 1 subapical smooth chaetae; lateral flap formula 2(s), 3(m), 5(i) smooth chaetae, 1 median and 3 inferior larger ( Figures 17C-D). Manubrial plate with 2–3 chaetae ( Figure 19C). Mucro with 3–4 teeth ( d1, ap, v1-2), v2teeth present or absent ( Figure 19E).   Etymology The species epithet honors our friend Dr. Bruno C. Bellini, Collembolaresearcher from Brazil.   Remarks   Salina bellinii  sp.n.resembles  S. tristani Denis, 1931and  S. zhangiby general morphology, including scarce pigmentation on Ant, trunk laterally and legs, dorsal chaetotaxy of Th II–Abd I with more than 2, 5, 2 central mac, respectively, and Abd IV with 8 central mac (see Denis 1931; Mari-Mutt 1987b; Soto-Adames 2010; Bellini & Cipola 2017). However,  S. bellinii  sp.n.differs from these species by cephalic groove only with ciliate chaetae (2 serrated mic in  S. zhangi), trochanteral organ with 13 spine-like chaetae ( 14 in  S. tristaniand 17 in  S. zhangi), and collophore with 7 anterior chaetae (2 mac unequal and 1 mes), 2 posterior chaetae and lateral flap with 10 chaetae. In  Salina zhangihas 9–10 anterior chaetae (2 mac unequal, without mes), 5–6 posterior chaetae and lateral flap with 14 chaetae, while  S. tristani4–5 posterior chaetae.   Fig. 14.Abd III–IV dorsal chaetotaxy of  Salinaspp.: (A–C), Abd III: (A),  Salina brasiliana  sp.n.; (B),  S. hamadae  sp.n.; (C),  S. serrana  sp.n.(D–I), Abd IV: (D),  S. brasiliana  sp.n.; (E),  S. hamadae  sp.n.; (F),  S. serrana  sp.n.; (G),  S. bicolor  sp.n.; (H),  S. maculipenis  sp.n.; (I),  S. peruana sp.n.   Fig. 15.Abd V dorsal chaetotaxy of  Salinaspp.: (A),  Salina brasiliana  sp.n.; (B),  S. bellinii  sp.n.; (C),  S. bicolor  sp.n.; (D),  S. hamadae  sp.n.; (E),  S. maculipenis  sp.n.; (F),  S. serrana  sp.n.; (G),  S. tocantinensis sp.n. The dorsal chaetotaxy of  S. bellinii  sp.n.differs by absence of m1, p1p, p5on Th II, p1pand p2pon Th III, and a1and a2on Abd I (generaly present in  S. tristaniand  S. zhangi). The Abd III of  S. bellinii  sp.n.differs by 6 lateral mac (6 or less in  S. zhangi) and Abd IV with 10 lateral mac ( 7 in  S. tristaniand 9 in  S. zhangi). For additional information, refer to Table 2. 2610423384 2008-08-06 2008-08-14 2008-08-06 Malaise-trap & ML Oliveira & Y Antonine Brazil Oriximina 180 -1.7502778 Amazon forest 21 -56.508335 Porto Trombetas district 24 105 1 1 Para holotype 2610423347 2008-08-06 2008-08-14 2008-08-06 Malaise-trap & ML Oliveira & Y Antonine Brazil Oriximina 180 -1.7502778 Amazon forest 21 -56.508335 Porto Trombetas district 24 105 22 7 2 Para paratype 2610423307 2016-01-15 2016-01-26 2016-01-15 Malaise-trap, FF & Xavier, R & Boldrini & P Barroso Brazil Caracarai 600 1.6 Amazon forest 1308 -61.9 National Park 24 105 1 Roraima 2610423378 2016-01-15 2016-01-26 2016-01-15 Malaise-trap, FF & Xavier, R & Boldrini & P Barroso Brazil Caracarai 600 1.6 Amazon forest 1308 -61.9 National Park 24 105 1 1 Roraima 2610423375 2012-10-01 2012-10-02 2012-10-01 Pitfall-trap & Nascimento Brazil 14 -2.63 Amazon forest 21 -54.981667 Alter do Chao 24 105 1 1 Para 2610423303 2012-11-05 2012-11-06 2012-11-05 Pitfall-trap & Nascimento Brazil 68 -4.0944448 Amazon forest 21 -55.01472 Ruropolis 24 105 1 1 Para 2610423314 2013-01-08 2013-01-10 2013-01-08 Pitfall-trap & RS Sovano Brazil 14 Belem -48.442223 24 105 3 Para 2610423308 2012-12-28 2012-12-30 2012-12-28 Pitfall-trap & Graca Brazil 17 -0.6244444 Amazon forest 21 -47.34194 Salinopolis 24 105 1 1 Para 2610423309 2012-12-11 Pitfall-trap & DD Silva Brazil 60 -6.383333 Private Reserve of Natural Patrimony 1304 -35.0 Formosa 24 105 1 1 Rio Grande do Norte 2610423322 2014-03-17 DD Silva Brazil 106 -7.105 Sape 21 -35.234165 24 105 1 1 Paraiba 2610423371 2014-03-18 DD Silva Brazil 475 -6.7333336 State Ecological Reserve 1304 -35.6 Bananeiras 24 105 1 1 Paraiba