High level of endemism in Haiti’s last remaining forests: a revision of Modisimus (Araneae: Pholcidae) on Hispaniola, using morphology and molecules Huber, Bernhard A. Fischer, Nadine Astrin, Jonas J. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010 2010-01-25 158 2 244 299 6RMW5 HUBER & FISCHER Huber & Fischer & Astrin 2010 [822,1295,198,219] Arachnida Pholcidae Modisimus Animalia Araneae 39 283 Arthropoda species cuadro sp. nov.  ( Figs 56, 78, 99, 111, 112, 173–175, 200)  Type: Male holotypefrom near La Toma( 18°27.5 ′N, 70°07.2 ′W), San CristóbalProv., Dominican Republic;   Figures 173–178.Diagnostic characters. 173–175.   Modisimus cuadro sp. nov.173. Left procursus, retrolateral view. 174. Male chelicerae, frontal view. 175. Cleared epigynum, dorsal view. 176–178.   Modisimus pelejil sp. nov.176. Left palp, retrolateral view. 177. Male chelicerae, frontal view. 178. Cleared epigynum, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (175, 178), 0.3 mm (173, 174, 176, 177). degraded forest at 70 ma.s.l., near ground, 7 November 2005(B.A. Huber), in ZFMK (DR 5a).  Etymology:The name is derived from the Spanish cuadro (square), and refers to the square-shaped epigynum; it is used as a noun in apposition.  Diagnosis:Medium-sized species, distinguished from congeners by barely modified male chelicerae ( Fig. 174; similar to  M. pelejil sp. nov.), simple squareshaped epigynum ( Fig. 56), and procursus shape ( Figs 99, 173).  Male ( holotype):Total length, 2.7; carapace width, 1.4. Leg 1: 22.8 (5.9 + 0.4 + 6.1 + 8.8 + 1.6); tibia 2, 4.1; tibia 3, 3.1; tibia 4, 3.8. Tibia 1 L/d: 57. Habitus similar to  M. jima sp. nov.(cf. Fig. 19), carapace pale ochre-yellow, with pair of light-brown marks on posterior half, and smaller indistinct pair in front of them; dark median line and wider dark median band visible through cuticle; ocular area laterally brown, clypeus with pair of brown stripes; sternum mostly light brown, whitish medially; legs light brown, tips of femora and tibiae lighter, very indistinct darker rings subdistally on femora and tibiae; abdomen bluish grey, densely covered with small black spots dorsally and laterally, with pale-bluish lines dorsally (medially) and laterally (two pairs). Ocular area elevated; thoracic furrow distinct. PME–PME, 135 Mm; PME diameter, 115 Mm; PME–ALE, 150 Mm; AME–AME, 20 Mm; AME diameter, 20 Mm. Sternum wider than long (0.8/0.6), unmodified. Chelicerae barely modified, with slightly stronger hairs proximally, and paler area with few hairs ( Fig. 174). In general, palps very similar to  M. kiskeya sp. nov.and  M. femoratus(cf. Figs 124, 130), but procursus with distinctive mostly membranous projections distally ( Figs 99, 173). Legs with short spines in single rows on femur 1 (~30 spines) and femur 2 (~20); many short vertical hairs on all femora; no curved hairs; retrolateral trichobothrium on tibia 1 at 11%; prolateral trichobothrium missing on tibia 1, present on other tibiae; tarsus 1 with ~25 pseudosegments.  Variation:Tibia 1 innine other males: 5.2–7.0 (mean 6.1). In some males, the brown marks on the carapace and/or the white-bluish lines on the abdomen are very indistinct; the male from near La Mula and two of the four malesfrom Cuevas Pomier lack spines on femora 1 and 2, but have identical palps and chelicerae.  Female:In general, similar to male; colour variation as in males. Tibia 1 in 12 females: 4.0–4.5 (mean 4.3). Epigynum, a simple brown plate ( Fig. 56); dorsal view as in Figures 78and 175, with anteriorly converging pore plates.  Distribution and habitat:Known from several localities in the DominicanRepublic ( Fig. 200). This species typically occurs close to the ground, under logs and dead leaves, and in low vegetation.  Material examined:  Dominican Republic: San Cristóbal Prov., near Toma, 1♂, holotypeabove; same data, 4♂, 4♀and four juveniles( ZFMK, DR 5); same data, 1♀, in pure ethanol ( ZFMK, DR 100-3);  Borbon, Cuevas Pomier, tropical deciduous forest,  200 ma.s.l.,  13–28 July 1995( S. & J. Peck), 1♂, #95-23 ( AMNH); same data but  28 July–5 August 1995, #95-47, 3♂( AMNH).  Borbon, Cuevas Pomier, Cueva Puente, twilight zone,  13 July 1995( S. & J. Peck), 1♀, #95-24 ( AMNH);  Borbon, Cuevas Pomier, C. Funeraria,  250 ma.s.l.,  14 July 1995( S. & J. Peck), 6♂, 2♀and three juveniles, #95-28 ( AMNH);  Borbon, Cuevas Pomier, Cueva La Ligua,  13 July 1995( S. & J. Peck), 1♂, #95-25 (part) ( AMNH).  Distrito Nacional, Santo Domingo, Jardín Botánico( 18°29.7 ′N, 69°57.2 ′W), forest along brook,  50 ma.s.l., low vegetation, near ground,  27 November 2005( B.A. Huber), 3♀( ZFMK, DR 108);  Jardín Botánico, under roof of shelter,  18–22 March 1984( H. & L. Levi), 1♂and 2♀( MCZ).  Peravia Prov., near Nizao( 18°36.0 ′N, 70°29.2 ′W), degraded forest along river,  670 ma.s.l.,  19 November 2005(B.A. Huber), 1♂( ZFMK, DR 78). Monte Plata Prov., near  Monte Plata( 18°48.7 ′N, 69°47.1 ′W), degraded forest along river,  60 ma.s.l., near ground,  21 November 2005( B.A. Huber), 1♂, 2♀( ZFMK, DR 92).  San Pedro de Macorís Prov., near La Mula( 18°30.2 ′N, 69°36.7 ′W), degraded forest at entrance to cave,  30 ma.s.l.,  26 November 2005(B.A. Huber), 1♂and 2♀( ZFMK, DR 107).  La Romana Prov., forest at Rio Chavón( 18°26.5 ′N, 68°53.3 ′W),  20 ma.s.l.,  23 November 2005( B.A. Huber), 2♀and one juvenile( ZFMK, DR 101).  La Vega Prov., 10 kmnorth-east of Jarabacoa Raquet Club,  550 ma.s.l., mixed forest,  20 July–4 August 1995( S. & J. Peck), 3♂and one juvenile#95-37 ( AMNH).  María Trinidad Sánchez Prov., near La Entrada, forest above rocks at Santuario de La Virgen( 19°34.9 ′N, 69°54.0 ′W),  15 ma.s.l.,  12 November 2005( B.A. Huber), 1♀( ZFMK, DR 42). La Toma Saint Kitts and Nevis 18.458334 San Cristobal 127 -70.12 39 283 1 holotype ZFMK Dominican Republic Toma 40 284 DR 5 10 4 1 5 San Cristobal holotype ZFMK Dominican Republic Toma 40 284 DR 100-3 1 1 San Cristobal Prov. holotype 1995-07-13 1995-07-28 1995-07-13 AMNH S. & J. Peck Dominican Republic 200 Cuevas Pomier Borbon 40 284 1 1 San Cristobal Prov. holotype 1995-07-28 1995-08-05 1995-07-28 AMNH S. & J. Peck Dominican Republic 200 Cuevas Pomier Borbon 40 284 3 3 San Cristobal Prov. holotype 1995-07-13 AMNH S. & J. Peck Dominican Republic Borbon Cueva Puente Cuevas Pomier 40 284 1 1 San Cristobal Prov. holotype 1995-07-14 AMNH Cuevas Pomier, C & S. & J. Peck Dominican Republic 250 Funeraria Borbon 40 284 9 2 1 6 San Cristobal Prov. holotype 1995-07-13 AMNH S. & J. Peck Dominican Republic Borbon Cueva La Ligua Cuevas Pomier 40 284 1 1 San Cristobal Prov. holotype 2005-11-27 ZFMK B. A. Huber Dominican Republic 50 18.495 Jardin Botanico 127 -69.95333 40 284 DR 108 3 3 Distrito Nacional holotype 1984-03-18 1984-03-22 1984-03-18 MCZ H. & L. Levi Dominican Republic Jardin Botanico 40 284 3 2 1 Santo Domingo holotype 2005-11-19 ZFMK Huber Dominican Republic 670 18.6 Nizao 127 -70.486664 40 284 DR 78 1 1 Peravia holotype 2005-11-21 ZFMK B. A. Huber Dominican Republic 60 18.811666 Monte Plata 127 -69.785 40 284 DR 92 3 2 1 Monte Plata holotype 2005-11-26 ZFMK Huber Dominican Republic 30 18.503334 La Mula 127 -69.611664 40 284 DR 107 3 2 1 San Pedro de Macoris holotype 2005-11-23 ZFMK B. A. Huber Dominican Republic 20 18.441668 Rio Chavon 127 -68.888336 40 284 DR 101 3 2 1 La Romana holotype 1995-07-20 1995-08-04 1995-07-20 AMNH S. & J. Peck Dominican Republic 550 Jarabacoa Raquet Club 40 284 4 1 3 La Vega holotype 2005-11-12 ZFMK B. A. Huber Dominican Republic 15 19.581667 Santuario de La Virgen 127 -69.9 La Entrada 40 284 DR 42 1 1 Maria Trinidad Sanchez holotype