High level of endemism in Haiti’s last remaining forests: a revision of Modisimus (Araneae: Pholcidae) on Hispaniola, using morphology and molecules
Huber, Bernhard A.
Fischer, Nadine
Astrin, Jonas J.
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
2010
2010-01-25
158
2
244
299
6RMW5
HUBER & FISCHER
Huber & Fischer & Astrin
2010
[822,1295,198,219]
Arachnida
Pholcidae
Modisimus
Animalia
Araneae
39
283
Arthropoda
species
cuadro
sp. nov.
( Figs 56, 78, 99, 111, 112, 173–175, 200) Type: Male holotypefrom near La Toma( 18°27.5 ′N, 70°07.2 ′W), San CristóbalProv., Dominican Republic; Figures 173–178.Diagnostic characters. 173–175. Modisimus cuadro sp. nov.173. Left procursus, retrolateral view. 174. Male chelicerae, frontal view. 175. Cleared epigynum, dorsal view. 176–178. Modisimus pelejil sp. nov.176. Left palp, retrolateral view. 177. Male chelicerae, frontal view. 178. Cleared epigynum, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (175, 178), 0.3 mm (173, 174, 176, 177). degraded forest at 70 ma.s.l., near ground, 7 November 2005(B.A. Huber), in ZFMK (DR 5a). Etymology:The name is derived from the Spanish cuadro (square), and refers to the square-shaped epigynum; it is used as a noun in apposition. Diagnosis:Medium-sized species, distinguished from congeners by barely modified male chelicerae ( Fig. 174; similar to M. pelejil sp. nov.), simple squareshaped epigynum ( Fig. 56), and procursus shape ( Figs 99, 173). Male ( holotype):Total length, 2.7; carapace width, 1.4. Leg 1: 22.8 (5.9 + 0.4 + 6.1 + 8.8 + 1.6); tibia 2, 4.1; tibia 3, 3.1; tibia 4, 3.8. Tibia 1 L/d: 57. Habitus similar to M. jima sp. nov.(cf. Fig. 19), carapace pale ochre-yellow, with pair of light-brown marks on posterior half, and smaller indistinct pair in front of them; dark median line and wider dark median band visible through cuticle; ocular area laterally brown, clypeus with pair of brown stripes; sternum mostly light brown, whitish medially; legs light brown, tips of femora and tibiae lighter, very indistinct darker rings subdistally on femora and tibiae; abdomen bluish grey, densely covered with small black spots dorsally and laterally, with pale-bluish lines dorsally (medially) and laterally (two pairs). Ocular area elevated; thoracic furrow distinct. PME–PME, 135 Mm; PME diameter, 115 Mm; PME–ALE, 150 Mm; AME–AME, 20 Mm; AME diameter, 20 Mm. Sternum wider than long (0.8/0.6), unmodified. Chelicerae barely modified, with slightly stronger hairs proximally, and paler area with few hairs ( Fig. 174). In general, palps very similar to M. kiskeya sp. nov.and M. femoratus(cf. Figs 124, 130), but procursus with distinctive mostly membranous projections distally ( Figs 99, 173). Legs with short spines in single rows on femur 1 (~30 spines) and femur 2 (~20); many short vertical hairs on all femora; no curved hairs; retrolateral trichobothrium on tibia 1 at 11%; prolateral trichobothrium missing on tibia 1, present on other tibiae; tarsus 1 with ~25 pseudosegments. Variation:Tibia 1 innine other males: 5.2–7.0 (mean 6.1). In some males, the brown marks on the carapace and/or the white-bluish lines on the abdomen are very indistinct; the male from near La Mula and two of the four malesfrom Cuevas Pomier lack spines on femora 1 and 2, but have identical palps and chelicerae. Female:In general, similar to male; colour variation as in males. Tibia 1 in 12 females: 4.0–4.5 (mean 4.3). Epigynum, a simple brown plate ( Fig. 56); dorsal view as in Figures 78and 175, with anteriorly converging pore plates. Distribution and habitat:Known from several localities in the DominicanRepublic ( Fig. 200). This species typically occurs close to the ground, under logs and dead leaves, and in low vegetation. Material examined: Dominican Republic: San Cristóbal Prov., near Toma, 1♂, holotypeabove; same data, 4♂, 4♀and four juveniles( ZFMK, DR 5); same data, 1♀, in pure ethanol ( ZFMK, DR 100-3); Borbon, Cuevas Pomier, tropical deciduous forest, 200 ma.s.l., 13–28 July 1995( S. & J. Peck), 1♂, #95-23 ( AMNH); same data but 28 July–5 August 1995, #95-47, 3♂( AMNH). Borbon, Cuevas Pomier, Cueva Puente, twilight zone, 13 July 1995( S. & J. Peck), 1♀, #95-24 ( AMNH); Borbon, Cuevas Pomier, C. Funeraria, 250 ma.s.l., 14 July 1995( S. & J. Peck), 6♂, 2♀and three juveniles, #95-28 ( AMNH); Borbon, Cuevas Pomier, Cueva La Ligua, 13 July 1995( S. & J. Peck), 1♂, #95-25 (part) ( AMNH). Distrito Nacional, Santo Domingo, Jardín Botánico( 18°29.7 ′N, 69°57.2 ′W), forest along brook, 50 ma.s.l., low vegetation, near ground, 27 November 2005( B.A. Huber), 3♀( ZFMK, DR 108); Jardín Botánico, under roof of shelter, 18–22 March 1984( H. & L. Levi), 1♂and 2♀( MCZ). Peravia Prov., near Nizao( 18°36.0 ′N, 70°29.2 ′W), degraded forest along river, 670 ma.s.l., 19 November 2005(B.A. Huber), 1♂( ZFMK, DR 78). Monte Plata Prov., near Monte Plata( 18°48.7 ′N, 69°47.1 ′W), degraded forest along river, 60 ma.s.l., near ground, 21 November 2005( B.A. Huber), 1♂, 2♀( ZFMK, DR 92). San Pedro de Macorís Prov., near La Mula( 18°30.2 ′N, 69°36.7 ′W), degraded forest at entrance to cave, 30 ma.s.l., 26 November 2005(B.A. Huber), 1♂and 2♀( ZFMK, DR 107). La Romana Prov., forest at Rio Chavón( 18°26.5 ′N, 68°53.3 ′W), 20 ma.s.l., 23 November 2005( B.A. Huber), 2♀and one juvenile( ZFMK, DR 101). La Vega Prov., 10 kmnorth-east of Jarabacoa Raquet Club, 550 ma.s.l., mixed forest, 20 July–4 August 1995( S. & J. Peck), 3♂and one juvenile#95-37 ( AMNH). María Trinidad Sánchez Prov., near La Entrada, forest above rocks at Santuario de La Virgen( 19°34.9 ′N, 69°54.0 ′W), 15 ma.s.l., 12 November 2005( B.A. Huber), 1♀( ZFMK, DR 42).
La Toma
Saint Kitts and Nevis
18.458334
San Cristobal
127
-70.12
39
283
1
holotype
ZFMK
Dominican Republic
Toma
40
284
DR 5
10
4
1
5
San Cristobal
holotype
ZFMK
Dominican Republic
Toma
40
284
DR 100-3
1
1
San Cristobal Prov.
holotype
1995-07-13
1995-07-28
1995-07-13
AMNH
S. & J. Peck
Dominican Republic
200
Cuevas Pomier
Borbon
40
284
1
1
San Cristobal Prov.
holotype
1995-07-28
1995-08-05
1995-07-28
AMNH
S. & J. Peck
Dominican Republic
200
Cuevas Pomier
Borbon
40
284
3
3
San Cristobal Prov.
holotype
1995-07-13
AMNH
S. & J. Peck
Dominican Republic
Borbon
Cueva Puente
Cuevas Pomier
40
284
1
1
San Cristobal Prov.
holotype
1995-07-14
AMNH
Cuevas Pomier, C & S. & J. Peck
Dominican Republic
250
Funeraria
Borbon
40
284
9
2
1
6
San Cristobal Prov.
holotype
1995-07-13
AMNH
S. & J. Peck
Dominican Republic
Borbon
Cueva La Ligua
Cuevas Pomier
40
284
1
1
San Cristobal Prov.
holotype
2005-11-27
ZFMK
B. A. Huber
Dominican Republic
50
18.495
Jardin Botanico
127
-69.95333
40
284
DR 108
3
3
Distrito Nacional
holotype
1984-03-18
1984-03-22
1984-03-18
MCZ
H. & L. Levi
Dominican Republic
Jardin Botanico
40
284
3
2
1
Santo Domingo
holotype
2005-11-19
ZFMK
Huber
Dominican Republic
670
18.6
Nizao
127
-70.486664
40
284
DR 78
1
1
Peravia
holotype
2005-11-21
ZFMK
B. A. Huber
Dominican Republic
60
18.811666
Monte Plata
127
-69.785
40
284
DR 92
3
2
1
Monte Plata
holotype
2005-11-26
ZFMK
Huber
Dominican Republic
30
18.503334
La Mula
127
-69.611664
40
284
DR 107
3
2
1
San Pedro de Macoris
holotype
2005-11-23
ZFMK
B. A. Huber
Dominican Republic
20
18.441668
Rio Chavon
127
-68.888336
40
284
DR 101
3
2
1
La Romana
holotype
1995-07-20
1995-08-04
1995-07-20
AMNH
S. & J. Peck
Dominican Republic
550
Jarabacoa Raquet Club
40
284
4
1
3
La Vega
holotype
2005-11-12
ZFMK
B. A. Huber
Dominican Republic
15
19.581667
Santuario de La Virgen
127
-69.9
La Entrada
40
284
DR 42
1
1
Maria Trinidad Sanchez
holotype