Review of the sponge genus Penares (Demospongiae, Tetractinellida, Astrophorina) in the New Zealand EEZ, with descriptions of new species Sim-Smith, Carina Kelly, Michelle Zootaxa 2019 2019-07-15 4638 1 1 56 Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019 Sim-Smith & Kelly 2019 [151,375,394,421] Demospongiae Geodiidae Penares Animalia Astrophorida 34 35 Porifera species okokewae sp. nov.  ( Fig. 27–29; Table 9)  Material examined.   Holotype — NIWA  101248(0CDN 6810-M), Okokewa Island, Hauraki Gulf, 36.141° S, 175.307° E,  5 m,  26 Apr 1999.    Typelocality. Okokewa Island, off Port Abercrombie, Great Barrier Island.   Distribution.Only known from the type locality, Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand( Figure 29). Holotypewas found on a rocky slope in a cave, at  5 m.   Description.Morphology is thickly encrusting, forming broad, rounded lobes ( Figure 27B). Dimensions of the holotypeare 100 mmwide × 10 mmhigh. Texture is compressible and is easily torn. Surface is smooth, surface ‘skin’ thin, highly wrinkled in areas when preserved, smooth in life, very slightly sandpapery to the touch. Large oscules ( 1–3 mm) are scattered over the surface of the sponge, often on the apices of lobes ( Figure 27A–C). No pores are present on the small piece of the holotypethat was retained. Interior is fuzzy to the touch. Colour in life is cream, interior is tan. Colour in ethanol is beige throughout.  Skeleton.Cortical skeleton is around 150 µmthick and consists of a dense layer of microxeas, on top of which is a dense layer of microrhabds. Microxeas and microrhabds are not aligned in any particular orientation. Choanosomal skeleton contains a single layer of dichotriaenes that are aligned with their cladome at the cortex/ choanosome boundary ( Figure 27D & E). Tight bundles of oxeas radiate out from the centre of the sponge ( Figure 27D). The choanosome is densely packed with large oxyasters ( Figure 27E). Microxeas are occasionally scattered throughout the choanosome.  Spicules( Figure 28; Table 9). Megascleres—oxeas ( Figure 28A) are very small and very slender; 702 (418– 909) × 13 (9–16) µm (n = 20). Dichotriaenes ( Figure 28B) have a short rhabdome that is shorter than the cladome width; 307 (213–384) µm long × 471 (355–618) µm wide (n = 20). Deuteroclads are widely spread and curved towards the centre of each pair of deuteroclads.   TABLE 9.Spicule dimensions (µm) of  Penares okokewae  sp. nov.Dimensions are given as the mean (minimum–maxi-mum) length × mean (minimum–maximum) width (number of spicules measured). OX = oxea; D = dichotriaene rhab- dome, DP = dichotriaene protoclad; DD = dichotriaene deutroclad; DC = dichotriaene cladome; MOX = microxea;     Specimen  Megascleres  Microscleres  NIWA 101248 OX: 702 (418–909) × 13 (9–16) (20) MOX: 62 (34–104) × 5 (3–7) (20)  holotype D: 307 (213–384) (20) MR: 15 (6–26) × 3 (2–4) (20)  DP: 97 (61–130) (20) O: 32 (25–50) (20)  DD: 144 (86–209) (20)  DC: 471 (355–618) (20)  Microscleres—microxeas ( Figure 28C) curved or straight, slightly centrotylote; 62 (34–104) × 5 (3–7) µm (n = 20). Oxyasters ( Figure 28E), moderately large with several smooth, relatively stout, conical rays; 32 (25–50) µm in diameter (n = 20). Microrhabds ( Figure 28D), very small and straight with bluntly rounded tips, slightly centro- tylote; 15 (6–26) × 3 (2–4) µm (n = 20).   Etymology.Named after the typelocality of this species, Okokewa Island, off Port Abercrombie, Great Barrier Island.   Remarks.The possession of oxyasters, microrhabds and microxeas differentiates  P. okokewae  sp. nov.from the majority of New Zealand  Penares,with the exception of  P. deformis  sp. nov.,  P. turmericolor  sp. nov.and  P. aureus  sp. nov.  Penares deformis  sp. nov.possesses strongyloxeas and has larger oxyasters than  P. okokewae  sp. nov.; while  P. turmericolor  sp. nov.and  P. aureus  sp. nov.have smaller oxyasters but larger microrhabds than  P. okokewae  sp. nov.None of the other South Pacific  Penaresspecies possess oxyasters. 2274830342 1999-04-26 48-10-12 1999-04-26 NIWA 5 -36.141 Okokewa Island 70 175.307 Hauraki Gulf 34 35 1 holotype 2274830370 [199,1042,573,601] Great Barrier Island Okokewa Island Port Abercrombie 34 35 1 holotype