Review of the sponge genus Penares (Demospongiae, Tetractinellida, Astrophorina) in the New Zealand EEZ, with descriptions of new species Sim-Smith, Carina Kelly, Michelle Zootaxa 2019 2019-07-15 4638 1 1 56 Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019 Sim-Smith & Kelly 2019 [151,362,1334,1361] Demospongiae Geodiidae Penares Animalia Astrophorida 30 31 Porifera species deformis sp. nov.  (  Fig. 24–26; Table 8)  Material examined.   Holotype — NIWA 52648, NIWAStn TAN0803/33, Macquarie Ridge, 50.091° S, 163.482° E,  1077–1408 m,  1 Apr 2008.    Typelocality. Macquarie Ridge, New Zealand.   Distribution.Only known from typelocality, Macquarie Ridge, New Zealand; 1077–1408 m( Figure 26).   Description.Morphology of the holotypeis a small, thinly encrusting sponge growing around the dead branches of a coral ( Figure 24A); 30 mmlong × 25 mmwide × 12 mmhigh. Texture is firm, slightly compressible. Surface is hispid and scratchy to the touch. Singular, uniporal openings, around 1.3 mmin diameter are very sparsely scattered over the surface of the sponge ( Figure 24B). Colour in ethanol is medium brown, interior is slightly darker.  Skeleton.Cortical skeleton is distinct from the choanosome and consists of a densely packed layer of disorganised microxeas. Triaenes are arranged with their cladome at the surface of the sponge ( Figure 24C & D). Choanosomal skeleton is extremely densely packed with oxyasters. Oxeas are scattered through the choanosome with no distinct arrangement ( Figure 24E).  Spicules( Figure 25; Table 8). Megascleres—stronglyoxeas ( Figure 25A & B) are small and relatively slender; 1094 (656–1498) × 29 (21–40) µm (n = 20). Very short-shafted triaenes are a mixture of dichotriaenes ( Figure 25C), plagiotriaenes ( Figure 25D), triaenes with both single and bifurcate clads ( Figure 25E), and deformed triaenes ( Figure 25F). Triaenes have a cladome that is much wider than the rhabdome length; 332 (177–453) µm long × 691 (139–995) µm wide (n = 22).   FIGURE 24.  Penares deformis  sp. nov., holotype NIWA 52648: A.Holotype preserved in ethanol; B.Close view of a uniporal opening; C.Close up view of the surface of the sponge showing triaene cladomes; D.Cortical section showing the position of the triaenes just below the surface of the sponge; E.Choanosomal section showing the densely packed oxyasters.  Microscleres—microxeas ( Figure 25H) are slightly curved with sharply pointed tips; 128 (92–144) × 8 (7–10) µm (n = 20). Microrhabds ( Figure 25I) are slightly curved with broadly rounded tips, and usually slightly centro- tylote. Microrhabds are typically shorter than microxeas but there is some size overlap; 62 (32–108) × 7 (5–9) µm (n = 20). Oxyasters ( Figure 25G) are large with a varying number of rays that are faintly acanthose, ranging from plesiasters with few rays to oxyasters. Rays appear to be smooth under light microscopy (400×); 40 (22–78) µm in diameter (n = 20). 2274830312 2008-04-01 NIWA 1242 -50.091 65 163.482 30 31 NIWA 52648 1 holotype 2274830331 [199,726,1513,1541] New Zealand Macquarie Ridge 30 31 1 holotype