Pelogeniinae Chamberlin, 1919 (Annelida, Sigalionidae) from the Grand Caribbean Region Cruz-Gómez, Christopher European Journal of Taxonomy 2022 2022-04-01 807 1 59 8ZF2Z Cruz-Gómez, 2022 Cruz-Gómez 2022 [637,928,302,329] Polychaeta Sigalionidae Neopsammolyce Animalia Phyllodocida 22 23 Annelida species fragilis sp. nov.   urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1449449F-81B3-4703-A6C7-22FCF62B97A1  Figs 9–10    Diagnosis A species of  Neopsammolycewith long palps, exceeding segment eleven; with first elytra oval and notched with expanded lobes separated by the notch, and lateral margin convex; second elytra oval with one posterior process; elytra and parapodia with papillae entire; neurochaetae from segment III with blades bifid.    Etymology The specific name of the species is derived from the Latin singular adjective ‘  fragilis( -e)’, meaning ‘fragile’ or ‘easily broken’. The name indicates the brittleness and fragility of the elytra, and it is in feminine to match the generic gender ( ICZN 1999, Art. 31.2).    Material examined    Holotype MEXICO• incomplete spec.; Quintana Roo, off Tzucox; 18°58′ N, 87°28′ W; R/V Pillsbury, Stn 604; depth  979 m;  17 Mar. 1967; UMML 22.1088.    Paratype MEXICO• 1 incomplete spec., 69 segments, 2.9 cmlong, 0.9 cmto segment 30, 0.6 cmwide; same collection data as for holotype; UMML 22.1018.  Other material   MEXICO• 1 incomplete spec., 12 segments, 0.4 cmlong, 0.2 cmwide; Yucatán shelf; 23°30′ N, 88°33′ W; O/V UAT 1 CIDIPORT; depth  57 m;  4 Sep. 2016; Sara B. Balamleg.; ECOSUR-P3224•  2 incomplete specs, 57–78 segments, 1.4–2.4 cmlong, 0.7–1.1 cmto segment 30, 0.2–0.3 cmwide; Yucatán shelf; 21°53′18″ N, 90°31′10″ W; O/V Justo Sierra; depth  49 m;  14 Sep. 2010; Anabel Leónleg.; ECOSUR-P3225•  1 incomplete spec., 40 segments, 1.6 cmlong, 1.2 cmto segment 30, 0.5 cmwide; Quintana Roo, off Xahuayxol; 18°30′ N, 87°37′ W; R/V Pillsbury, Stn 607; depth  751 m;  17 Mar. 1967; UMML 6802-607.   UNITED STATES OF AMERICA• 1 incomplete spec., 42 segments, 3.2 cmlong, 1.4 cmto segment 30, 0.6 cmwide; Florida; 24°40′ N, 80°04′ W; R/V Gerda, Stn 226; depth  803 m;  23 Jan. 1964; UMML 6402-226.   Description( holotype) BODY. Pale yellow, cylindrical, broad ( Fig. 9A–B); 47 segments, 2 cmlong, 1.2 cmto segment 30, 0.6 cmwide. Middorsal line covered with white foreign particles and foraminifera attached to adhesive papillae ( Fig. 9F). Venter covered with short bulbous and long dendritic papillae ( Fig. 9G). PROSTOMIUM. Spherical. Two pairs of poorly defined eyes, anterior eyes larger, covered by the median antenna ceratophore. Lateral antennae short, bulbous; ceratophores as long as styles, dorsally fused with tentacular segment, covered by median antennal ceratophore ( Fig. 9E). Median antenna with tapered ceratophore, slightly longer than prostomium, with dorsal ridges; style short, as long as prostomium ( Fig. 9B–C). Middorsal lobe of segment II with a longitudinal ridge. Facial tubercle short, visible between palps ( Fig. 9D). First segment directed anteriorly; fused with tentacular segment; biramous, chaetae simple verticillate. Dorsal tentacular cirrus longer than neuropodia including chaetae, ventral tentacular cirrus shorter than dorsal one; palps long, reaching segment 11, with inner palpal sheaths ( Fig. 9D). ELYTRA. First right elytron subtriangular deeply notched, covered with foraminifera and coarse sand ( Fig. 10F), two kinds of papillae: flat papillae, and pedunculate papillae with flat tips, more abundant in elytral center; elytral margins with short dendritic papillae ( Fig. 10J–K). Second right elytron oval notched, with one posterior process ( Fig. 10G), same kinds of papillae on elytral surface, elytral margin with short and long dendritic papillae ( Fig. 10I). Posterior elytra oval with one medial process ( Fig. 10H), same kinds of papillae on elytral surface, elytral margin with short dendritic papillae. All elytra very brittle. RIGHT PARAPODIUM FROM SEGMENT II ( Fig. 9H). Notopodia conical, papillate, short, half as long as neuropodia, notopodial flange leaf-shaped. With up to 70 simple verticillate notochaetae, shortest ones as long as notopodia, longest ones 4× as long ( Fig. 9I). Neuropodia conical, papillate and larger than notopodia. Neurochaetae only falcigers, most blades falcate, bifid: unit A, two falcigers with handles slender with 8–9 transverse rows of spines, blades long, 28–30 × as long as wide ( Fig. 9J); unit B, four falcigers with handles thick with 41–48 barely perceptible transverse rows of denticles, blades long 21– 23 × as long as wide ( Fig. 9K); unit C, six falcigers with handles slender with 30–34 barely perceptible transverse rows of denticles, blades soft, long, 40 × as long as wide ( Fig. 9L); unit D, four falcigers with handles slender with 8–10 barely perceptible transverse rows of denticles, blades long, 10–12 × as long as wide ( Fig. 9M). RIGHT PARAPODIUM FROM SEGMENT III ( Fig. 9N). Notopodia conical, short, papillate, ⅓ as long neuropodia, notopodial flange leaf-shaped. With up to 80 simple verticillate notochaetae, shortest ones as long as notopodia, longest ones twice as long ( Fig. 9O). Neuropodia truncated, papillate, larger than notopodia. Neurochaetae only bifid falcigers: unit A, two falcigers with handles slender with 9–10 transverse rows of spines, blades long, 19 × as long as wide ( Fig. 9P); unit B, three falcigers with handles thick with 8–12 barely perceptible transverse row of denticles, blades long, 9× as long as wide ( Fig. 9Q); unit C, 10 falcigers with handles slender, smooth, blades long, 28–30× as long as wide ( Fig. 9R); subunit 1, two falcigers with handles thick, smooth, blades long, 8–10 × as long as wide ( Fig. 9S); unit D, six falcigers with handles slender, smooth, blades long, 25 × as long as wide ( Fig. 9T). RIGHT PARAPODIUM FROM SEGMENT 31 (MIDDLE SEGMENT) ( Figs 9U, 10A). Notopodia conical, smooth (nonpapillate), short, ⅓ as long as notopodia; notopodial flange bulbous. With up to 50 simple verticillate notochaetae, shortest ones twice as long as notopodia, longest ones 3× as long ( Figs 9V, 10B). Neuropodia truncated, papillate, larger than notopodia. Neurochaetae only bifid falcigers: unit A, two falcigers with handles thick, barely noticeable 2 rows of denticles, blades long, 9–10 × as long as wide ( Fig. 9W); unit B, two falcigers with handles thick, smooth, blades lost (posterior segment, blades medium-sized, 5–6 × as long as wide) ( Figs 9X, 10C); unit C, six falcigers with handles thick, smooth, blades short, 4 × as long as wide ( Figs 9Y, 10C); subunit 1, two falcigers with handles slender, smooth, blades mediumsized, 6× as long as wide ( Figs 9Z, 10E); unit D, four falcigers with handles slender, smooth, blades short, 4× as long as wide ( Fig. 9AA). POSTERIOR REGION. Lost.    Remarks   Neopsammolyce fragilis sp. nov.resembles  N. occidentalis( McIntosh, 1885)as described and illustrated by Pettibone (1997), in having long palps, first elytra notched, notopodia reduced, and neuropodia highly papillate. However, both species differ in the shape of the first and second elytra, and the neurochaetae from segment III. Specimens of  N. fragilis sp. nov.have an oval and notched first elytra with two expanded   Fig. 9.  Neopsammolyce fragilis sp. nov., holotype (UMML 22.1088). A. Incomplete worm, dorsal view. B. Anterior end, covered by elytra. C. Anterior end, dorsal view. D. Anterior end, ventral view. E. Detail of prostomium, arrowhead indicates lateral antenna. F. Dorsal papillae (close-up in box). G. Ventral papillae (close-up in box). H. Right parapodium from segment II. I. Notochaeta from same. J. Unit A. K. Unit B. L. Unit C. M. Unit D. N. Right parapodium from segment III. O. Notochaeta from same. P. Unit A. Q. Unit B. R. Unit C. S. Subunit 1. T. Unit D. U. Right parapodium from segment 31. V. Notochaeta from same. W. Unit A. X. Unit B. Y. Unit C. Z. Subunit 1. AA. Unit D. Scale bars: A–D = 1 mm; E, H, N, U = 500 μm; F–G = 50 µm; I–M, O–T, V–AA = 100 μm.   Fig. 10.  Neopsammolyce fragilis sp. nov., holotype (UMML 22.1088). A–E, K. SEM micrographs. A. Right parapodium from segment 24. B. Notochaetae from same. C. Units B and C. D. Close-up of unit A, arrowhead indicates subdistal denticle. E. Subunit 1. F. First right elytron. G. Second right elytron. H. Right posterior elytra. I. Detail of margin from G. J. Detail of margin from H. K. Surface of H, flat papillae and pedunculate papillae with flat tips. Abbreviations: a = anterior; p = posterior. Scale bars: A, I–J = 100 μm; B, D = 5 μm; C, E = 50 μm; F–H = 1 mm; K = 20 μm. lobes, and lateral margin convex; an oval second elytra with a posterior process, and neurochaetae from segment III with blades bifid; whereas specimens of  N. occidentalishave first elytra subrectangular and notched with two narrow lobes, and a concave lateral margin ( Pettibone 1997: 14, fig. 8d); an oval second elytra, notched, without processes ( Pettibone 1997: 14, fig. 8e), and neurochaetae from segment III with blades bifid and entire ( Pettibone 1997: 13, fig. 7f).    Distribution Gulf of Mexico. From Floridato Quintana Roo. 3748376311 1967-03-17 R, V R / V Pillsbury Mexico Tzucox 979 18.966667 Quintana Roo 1273 -87.46667 Pillsbury 22 23 UMML 22.1088 1 Quintana Roo holotype 3748376319 1967-03-17 UMML R / V Pillsbury Mexico Tzucox 979 18.966667 MEXICO 1273 -87.46667 Pillsbury 22 23 UMML 22.1018 1 Quintana Roo paratype 3748376315 2016-09-04 V Sara B. Balam Mexico 57 23.5 Yucatan shelf 1255 -88.55 22 23 ECOSUR-P3224 1 Yucatan 3748376310 2010-09-14 V Anabel Leon Mexico 49 21.888332 Yucatan 21 -90.51945 22 23 ECOSUR-P3225 2 Yucatan 3748376306 1967-03-17 R, V Mexico Xahuayxol 751 18.5 Quintana Roo 1275 -87.61667 Pillsbury 22 23 UMML 6802-607 1 Quintana Roo 3748376314 1964-01-23 R, V United States of America 803 24.666666 Florida 1250 -80.066666 Gerda 22 23 UMML 6402-226 1 Florida