Whitfield 1988 : 313 Revision of the New World genera Adelius Haliday and Paradelius de Saeger (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Cheloninae: Adeliini) Shimbori, Eduardo M. Bortoni, Marco A. Shaw, Scott R. Souza-Gessner, Carolina Da S. Cerântola, Paula De C. M. Penteado-Dias, Angélica M. Zootaxa 2019 2019-03-26 4571 2 151 200 Whitfield, 1988 , Whitfield 1988 [151,557,1832,1858] Insecta Braconidae Paradelius GBIF Animalia Hymenoptera 43 194 Arthropoda species rubra  ( Figs 129–138)     Paradelius rubra,  Whitfield 1988: 313   Type material examined.  Holotype, ♀:  U.S.A.:  California: Alameda County, Del Valle Lake Rec. Area,  11.II.1984/ JBW no. 84B21, ex Stigmellaon  Quercus agrifolia, emerged   8.III.1984, J.B. Whitfieldcol. ( USNM). Type in excellent condition. Non-type material examined. U.S.A.:  Wyoming: 1♀, Albany County, Medicine Bow Nat. Forest,  1 mi.N Lincoln Monument, mixed forest nr sagebrush, 13–24.IX.1990, Malaise trap, M. Inayatullah col.;  1♀and 1♂, Teton County, Grand Teton Nat. Park, UW-NPS Research St,   13–14.VIII.2002, Malaise trap, S.R. Shawcoll. ( UWIM)   Description(features not described by Whitfield (1988), or differently interpreted sculpturing—original states are in parentheses).  Head. Finely areolate-rugose (not granulate), frons excavated behind torulli, with short median carina extending to between antennae (not bulging medially).   FIGURES 129–134.  Paradelius rubraWhitfield, holotype, ♀. 129, habitus, lateral; 130, head, dorsal; 131, mesosoma, lateral; 132, propodeum; 133, mesonotum; 134, metasoma, dorsal.   FIGURES 135–138.  Paradelius rubraWhitfield.135–136, non-type ♂: 135, habitus, lateral; 136, habitus, dorsal. 137–138, wings, non-type ♀.  Mesosoma. Mesoscutum finely areolate-rugulose. Mesoscutellar trough rugose. Metanoum rugose-costate. Mesopleuron rugulose antero-dorsally; sparsely setose anteriorly, mostly bare medially. Metapleuron costate.  Legs. Hind coxa smooth, polished and devoid of setae laterally. The small black spines described by Whitfield, are probably dark regions on the base of each seta, at their insertion in the skeleton.  Metasoma. The basal half of T3 is transversely striate (not longitudinally striate).  Variation. The specimens from Wyomingare very similar to the holotype, differing only the much darker color of mesosoma varying from entirely dark reddish brown to black.   Comments.  Paradelius rubrais the most distinctive adeliine species known from New World. This is the only species having the vein RS directly connected with the stigma: vein 2RS and vein 3RS are distinctly separated, vein r thus absent. It also has three distinct infuscate bands on fore wing, with the most basal one being hyaline and the most apical band fuscous. Additionally,  P. rubracan be readily distinguished from other species by the mesopleuron being striate postero-dorsally, as compared with mostly smooth or weakly punctate in  P. nigraand  P. neotropicalis  sp. n.   Distribution. U.S.A.: Californiaand Wyoming. The genus was first reported from Wyomingby Haimowitz and Shaw (2012). This is the first record of the species for Wyoming.   Biology.  Paradelius rubrahas been reared from the nepticulid leaf-miner Stigmella variella(Braun, 1910) on leaves of an oak,  Quercus agrifolia, as well as Stigmellaspecies found mining leaves of  Lithocarpus densifloraand  Rhamnus crocea( Whitfield 1988). Adults emerge from host’s cocoon ( Whitfield 1988; Gates et al.2002). Whitfield (1988)also observed that the adult wasps resemble ants as they move about rapidly on oak foliage, and speculated that they might be ant mimics. When aspirated, the wasps emitted a choking, formic acid-like chemical. 2028143588 [476,585,2005,2030] United States of America Alameda County Del Valle Lake Rec. Area 43 194 1 1 California holotype 2028143605 1984-03-08 USNM J. B. Whitfield 44 195 1 2028143586 United States of America Albany County Medicine Bow Nat. Forest 44 195 1 1 Wyoming 2028143585 [350,1224,260,285] United States of America Teton County Research St Grand Teton Nat. Park 44 195 2 1 1 Wyoming 2028143587 2002-08-13 2002-08-14 2002-08-13 UWIM S. R. Shaw United States of America 44 195 1 Wyoming