Systematics of the Octopleura Clade of Miconia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) in Tropical America Gamba, Diana Almeda, Frank Phytotaxa 2014 2014-09-24 179 1 1 174 42P99 Gamba & Almeda Gamba & Almeda 2014 [196,698,943,968] Magnoliopsida Melastomataceae Miconia Plantae Myrtales 107 108 Tracheophyta species quadridomius nom. nov.  Openly branched shrub or small tree (1.5–) 2–6 mtall. Upper internodesrounded-quadrate, (2.1–) 3.2–4.9 cmlong, cauline nodes terete, nodal line absent. Indumentumon branchlets, petioles, surface of young leaves, primary and secondary veins adaxially, primary and secondary leaf veins abaxially, bracts apically, pedicels, hypanthia, calyx lobes abaxially, and exterior calyx teeth densely to copiously composed of ferruginous elongate slightly or moderately roughened trichomes 2–3 mmlong, each trichome deflexed and somewhat flattened, densely intermixed with an understory of clavate dendritic trichomes 0.1–0.3 mmlong with short to moderately long thinwalled (flattened) arms. Leavesof each pair slightly to commonly anisophyllous in size; the semiterete short petioles 0.8–1.5 mmlong, superficially canaliculate adaxially; larger blades 18–27 × 6.7–10.2 cm, smaller blades 7–16 × 2.5–6.5 cm, elliptic to elliptic-obovate, the base typically rounded, frequently becoming attenuate but ending in a rounded-cordate base, the margin serrulate to crenulate, the apex acuminate to caudate-acuminate, chartaceous; mature leaves adaxially with both the dendritic and elongate trichomes on the surface, primary and secondary veins becoming sparse to caducous with age, the tertiary and higher order veins glabrescent; abaxial surface glabrous, the tertiary and higher order veins sparsely and caducously covered with the general dendritic trichomes; 5-(7-)plinerved, including the tenuous marginals, innermost pair of secondary veins diverging from the primary vein 0.3–2 cmabove the base, forming a deeply tufted cavity beset with the general indumentum (acarodomatia?), areolae 0.3–0.4 mm, reticulation visible on both surfaces, adaxially the primary and secondary veins slightly impressed, the tertiary and higher order veins flat, abaxially the primary and secondary veins elevated and terete, the tertiary and higher order veins slightly elevated. Inflorescencesa congested axillary fasciculate glomerule 1–1.5 cmlong, sessile, unbranched, typically paired and seemingly cauliflorous on defoliated nodes; bracts 1.5–7 × 0.4–0.6 mm, subulate, thin, erect, with inconspicuous parallel venation, glabrous on the main surfaces but the general elongate roughened indumentum present at the apex, each bract seemingly branched, persistent to tardily deciduous in fruit. Flowers4-merous on thick pedicels 0.4–1 mmlong. Hypanthiaat anthesis 2.7–3 × 0.9–1 mm, free portion of hypanthium 1.3–1.7 mmlong, tubular to suburceolate, bluntly 8-ribbed, ridged on the inner surface, moderately scaly, the torus adaxially copiously beset with short-stalked glands with thinwalled short heads. Calyxopen in bud and persistent in fruit; tube 0.1–0.3 mmlong, adaxially with the same typeof glands as the torus, abaxially with the same vestiture as the hypanthium; lobes 1.5–2 × 0.8–1.1 mm, ovate-oblong,  108 Phytotaxa179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA the margin entire, the apex retuse to obtuse, the adaxial surface glabrous or minutely resinous-puberulent, reflexed at anthesis; exterior calyx teeth 1–1.5 mmlong, subulate, inserted at the base of the calyx lobes and barely spreading beyond them. Petals1.5–3.5 × 0.6–1 mm, oblong to linear-oblong, the margin entire, the apex roundedobtuse, white, glabrous on both surfaces, reflexed at anthesis. Stamens8; filaments 1.4–1.5 × ca. 0.2 mm, white, glabrous; anther thecae 1.3–1.5 × 0.23–0.36 mm, linear-oblong and slightly clavate, somewhat emarginate at the apex, opening by one dorsally inclined pore 0.1 mm; connective darker than the thecae, its prolongation and appendage 0.2–0.3(–0.5) mm long, the appendage lanceolate, bluntly acute at the apex, copiously gland-edged, the glands rounded and conspicuously stalked to 0.2 mmlong. Ovary4-locular, 3/4 to completely inferior, 1.3–1.45 mmlong at anthesis, the apical collar 0.3–0.4 × 0.55–0.65 mm, conic, copiously glandular-ciliate; style 5–7 mmlong, parallel-sided (i.e. terete), white, glabrous; stigma truncate to capitellate when dry. Berries2–2.5 × 2 mmwhen dry, globose and slightly oblate, bright orange when ripe, the hypanthium indumentum persistent in fruit. Seeds0.68–0.79 × 0.5–0.65 mm, pyramidal, brown; lateral symmetrical plane triangular, the highest point near the central part of the seed; antiraphal symmetrical plane suboblong; raphal zone circular to suboblong, ca. 40% the length of the seed; multicellular sculpture rugose throughout the seed; individual cells elongate, anticlinal boundaries channeled, irregularly curved; periclinal walls convex, low-domed to nearly flat, microrelief striate.   Additional specimens studied:—   COLOMBIA. Chocó: Vía de Morro de Micoal “Mirador” por el camino hacia “Jurubidá” en dirección Sy posteriormente hacia “Copete de Pava” en dirección N, 6°5’N, 77°10’W,  0–100 m,  15 May 1990,  Barbosa6598( MO, US); P.N. de Utría, Serraníaubicada al NE de la Ensenada de Utríapor la trocha llamada del M-19, 6°20’N, 77°20’W,  0–100 m,  12 June 1990,  García-Cossio& Agualimpia500( CHOCO, MO);  Hoya del Río San Juan, Quebrada Taparal, afluente del Río San Juan, 4°12’N, 77°8’W,  5–10 m,  28 March 1979,  Foreroet al. 4247( COL, MO).   Valle:( Buenaventura), Alongroad between Buenaventura and Málagavicinity of Bajo Calima, km 3.5.2 from main Cali-Buenaventura Hwy, at Gallinero, 4°0’N, 77°3’W,  100 m,  15 July 1993,  Croat& Bay75749( MO); ( Buenaventura),  Bajo Calima, Ca,  15 kmNof Buenaventura, Cartón de Colombiaconcession, Dindo area, 3°59’N, 77°2’W,  50 m,  26 March 1986,  Gentryet al. 53646( MO, US); ( Buenaventura),  Bajo Calima, ca. 10 kmdue Nof Buenaventura, Cartón de Colombiaconcession, 3°56’N, 77°8’W, ca.  50 m,  5 December 1981,  Gentry35354( CAS, MO); ( Buenaventura),  Bajo Calima, ca.  15 kmNof Buenventura, Cartón de Colombiaconcession, 3°56’N, 77°8’W, ca.  50 m,  18 February 1983,  Gentry& Juncosa40492( MO); ( Buenaventura),  Bajo Calima, Granja Agroforestal,  40 m,  29 March 1984,  Devia491( MO, TULV); ( Buenaventura),  Bajo Calima, Estación Agroforestal, Secretaría de Agriculturay fomento, Parte NEdel campamento,  40–60 m,  5 August 1979,  Cabrera5181( CUVC, MO); ( Buenaventura),  San Isidro, BosqueINDERENA-CONIF,  40 m,  5 March 1989,  Devia& Prado2641( CAS, TULV); ( Cordoba),  Dagua Valley,  80–100 m,  6 May 1922,  Killip5119( US);  La Trojita, Río Calima(región del Chocó),  5–50 m,  19 February 1944,  Cuatrecasas16623( US).   ECUADOR. Esmeraldas: Road Lita-Alto Tambo-San Lorenzo, km 6.9 from Lita, 0°52’24.6"N, 78°29’33.2"W,  720 m,  30 September 2001,  Cottonet al. 1794( CAS, QCA).   PANAMA. Comarca de San Blás: Headwaters of Río Nergalaalong continental divide,  350 m,  11 January 1985,  de Nevers& Herrera4515( CAS, MO);  Llano-Cartí Road, km 16, trail to creek on Atlanticdrainage,  250–350 m,  2 February 1989,  Almedaet al. 6522( CAS, MO, NY, PMA);  Nusagandi, Alongcontinental divide on El Llano-Cartiroad, Headwaters of Atlanticdraining creeks, 9°19’N, 78°15’W,  320 m,  12 August 1984,  de Nevers& Pérez3694( CAS).   Panamá: Along El Llano Carti-Tupileroad, 12 miabove Pan-Am Hwy,  200–500 m,  26 March 1973,  Liesner1135( CAS, NY).  Illustration:—None found.   Common names and documented uses:—None recorded.  Habitat, distribution and ecology:— Local and uncommon in understories of rain forests, typically in deep shade and/or along streams in Panama, Colombiaand Ecuador( Fig. 16), at  0–720 m. Itis most common in the Bajo Calima region(part of the Chocó) in the department of Vallein Colombia. Itwas recently reported from Panama( Almeda 2009). Specimensfrom Ecuadorthat were previously attributed to this species are  M. chocoensis.  Phenology:—Collected in flower from January through March and from May through August; in fruit from February through March, June through September, and in December.   Etymology:—The specific epithet honors José Cuatrecasas (1903–1996), Spanish botanist and prolific collector of Colombian plants.   Discussion:—This distinctive species has an indumentum of elongate-roughened trichomes on vegetative and hypanthial parts, conspicuous 5-plinerved leaves and a poorly developed-sessile inflorescence. Almeda (2009) SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURACLADE OF  MICONIA  Phytotaxa179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 109noted that the Panamanian populations differ from those in Colombiaby the presence of shorter bracts to 2 mmlong (vs. 6–7 mmlong) calyx lobes adaxially glabrous (vs. resinous-puberulent); we agree with these observations. In all other characters, the material from both countries is similar in foliar shape, indumentum details, and staminal and seed morphology. In  M. quadridomiusthe leaves are plinerved, but there is a space formed in between the innermost pair of secondary veins and the primary vein before the point of divergence. This space may serve to house insects. Althought some ants were found in this leaf area among different specimens from the Bajo Calima region ( Colombia), the morphology of this structure is not a usual ant-domatium. It is more similar to an acarodomatium; further natural history studies are required in order to elucidate the function of this structure. This species is similar to  M. chocoensis, but differs in the foliar plinervation and in lacking white furrowed glands on the leaves abaxially. In  M. quadridomiusthe vegetative and hypanthial indumentum is ferrugineous (vs. white), and consists of prominently roughened flattened-deflexed trichomes (vs. slightly roughened).  Miconia quadridomiusis also similar to  M. approximata, which has vegetative pubescence that is shorter ( 0.3–0.7 mmlong vs. 2–3 mmlong), and the abaxial tertiary and higher order foliar veins densely resinous-glandular (vs. furfuraceous). In the protologue, Wurdack (1981)provides a detailed enumeration of the differences between these species.  Conservation status:—Endangered EN B2ab(iii). Protected only in Colombiain the Ensenada de Utría National Park (Chocó); the threats include destruction of its natural habitat and the fact that it is not protected in other parts of its range. 1990-05-15 MO, US Colombia 50 6.0833335 Via de Morro de Mico 1305 -77.166664 Choco 108 109 1 1990-06-12 CHOCO, MO NE de la Ensenada de Utria & Garcia-Cossio & Agualimpia Colombia 50 6.3333335 Serrania 1304 -77.333336 Utria 108 109 1 1979-03-28 COL, MO Forero Colombia Hoya del Rio San Juan 8 4.2 Rio San Juan 1307 -77.13333 Quebrada Taparal 108 109 1 1993-07-15 MO Croat & Bay Colombia Valle 100 4.0 Along 1307 -77.05 Buenaventura 108 109 1 1986-03-26 MO, US Gentry Colombia Bajo Calima 50 3.9833333 Dindo area 1307 -77.03333 Ca 108 109 1 1981-12-05 CAS, MO Gentry Colombia 50 3.9333334 Buenaventura 1307 -77.13333 Bajo Calima 108 109 1 1983-02-18 MO Gentry & Juncosa Colombia 50 3.9333334 Buenaventura 1307 -77.13333 Bajo Calima 108 109 1 1984-03-29 MO, TULV Bajo Calima & Granja Agroforestal Colombia 40 Buenaventura 108 109 1 1979-08-05 CUVC, MO Bajo Calima & Estacion Agroforestal & de Agricultura & Parte NE Colombia 50 Buenaventura 108 109 1 1989-03-05 CAS, TULV San Isidro & Prado Colombia 40 Bosque 108 109 1 Cordoba 1922-05-06 US Killip Colombia 90 Dagua Valley 108 109 1 1944-02-19 US La Trojita & Cuatrecasas Colombia 28 Choco Rio Calima 108 109 1 2001-09-30 CAS, QCA Cotton Ecuador 720 0.8735 Lita 1 -78.49255 Road Lita-Alto Tambo-San Lorenzo 108 109 1 Esmeraldas 1985-01-11 CAS, MO de Nevers Panama 350 Headwaters of Rio Nergala Comarca de San Blas 108 109 1 Herrera 1989-02-02 CAS, MO, NY, PMA Llano-Carti Road & Atlantic & Almeda Panama 300 108 109 1 1984-08-12 CAS de Nevers & Perez Panama Nusagandi 320 9.316667 El Llano-Carti 1300 -78.25 Along 108 109 1 1973-03-26 CAS, NY Along El Llano Carti-Tupile & Liesner Panama 350 Hwy 108 109 1 Panama Panama, Colombia Specimens 360 It It 108 109 1