Levy and Amitai, 1980: 23–29
Prionurus crassicauda orientalis Birula, 1900: 355
Buthus ( Prionurus ) crassicauda orientalis
Androctonus crassicauda (Olivier, 1807)
Barahoei et al., 2020b: 379
Androctonus cf. crassicauda (Olivier, 1807)
Integrative taxonomy reveals the existence of a new species of fat-tailed scorpions, Androctonus (Buthidae), in Iran
Barahoei, Hossein
Mirshamsi, Omid
Amiri, Masoumeh
Moeinadini, Asma
Rakhshani, Ehsan
Turkish Journal of Zoology
2025
2024-12-12
49
2
48
74
DTNC
[132,533,287,311]
Arachnida
Buthidae
Androctonus
Animalia
Scorpiones
6
53
Arthropoda
subSpecies
crassicauda
crassicauda
= Prionurus crassicauda orientalisBirula, 1900: 355; Birula, 1903: 67 (considered a synonym by Fet, 1989: 79). Buthus( Prionurus) crassicauda orientalis: Birula, 1917: 93, 240.
Buthus crassicauda orientalis: Kraepelin, 1913: 124. Androctonus crassicauda orientalis: Vachon, 1959: 124; Vachon, 1966: 210; Habibi, 1971: 42; Pérez Minocci, 1974: 18. Androctonus amoreuxi baluchicus: Kovařík, 1997: 39.
Typelocality Persia, now Iran, Esfahan Province, Kashan( MNHN). Geographical distribution Central Iranbetween Alborz, Zagros, and the eastern belt of Iran( Barahoei et al., 2020b). Material examined( 11 specimensincluding five femaleand six male) 1♂* ( Figure 1) ( ZMFUM), Esfahanprov., Maranjab, 33°57′N, 51°25′E, 8 September 2008, O. Mirshamsileg.; 2♀* ( Figure S1) ( RIZ), Khurand Biabanak, 33°52′N, 55°07′E, 10 June 2023, M. Elahileg.; 1♀* ( Figure S2) ( RIZ), Nain, 32°52′N, 53°04′E, 2020, M. Elahileg.; 1♂* ( ZMFUM), Hamadanprov., Akenloo, 35°36′N, 48°11′E, June 2011, A. Mahmoudileg.; 1♂* ( RIZ), Qomprov., Qom, 35°05′N, 51°41′E, 9 August 2023, K. Seyedabadileg.; 2♀*, 1♂* ( RIZ), Yazdprov., Ardakan, 32°19′N, 54°02′E, 2022, M. Elahileg.; 2♂* ( RIZ), Bafgh, 31°37′N, 55°23′E, 2021, M. Elahileg. Diagnostic characters Scorpions with medium to large size, adult body length from 67.1 to 83.3 mmfor male and 70.3 to 88.9 mmfor female individuals ( Table S1); overall body color black ( Figure 1A), pectin cream, sometimes end of third to fifth sternite is light ( Figures 1Band 2B); width of end carapace longer than its length ( Table S1), surface densely granulated except for lateral end, carinae fully developed, central median and posterior median carinae not connected ( Figure 2A); pedipalp segments almost elongated ( Figure 2C), length of femur 3 times the width, length of patella about 2.5 times the width, chela smooth, carinae faded, manus wider than patella ( Figures 2C and S 3), movable finger with 14–16 rows of oblique teeth, with external and internal accessory granules and four terminal granules; beginning of mesosomal tergites smooth and their ends granulated, ends of first to sixth tergites with three carinae, seventh tergite with five carinae, seventh sternite with four almost developed carinae, presence of submedian carinae only in front half of segment; number of pectin teeth 27–32 inmale ( Figures 1Band 2B) and 22–26 infemale specimens ( Figures S1and S 2), in males the tip of pectin reaches first half of fifth sternite and after the junction of the trochanter with coxa on fourth leg ( Figure 1B), but in females it reaches first half of fourth sternite and before the junction of the trochanter with coxa ( Figure S3); dorsal lateral carinae with long cuneiform granules in posterior part of all metasomal segments ( Figures 2D, 2F, and S 3), all segments with sparse setae, segment I wider than long, segment II equal to or wider than length, other segments longer than wide, anal arch with three toothed lobes in lateral part ( Figure 2F); telson elongate in both sexes, with sparse setae, dorsal surface smooth, telson depth/length = 0.41 inmales and females, telson width/length = 0.42 inmales and 0.43 infemales ( Table S1). Androctonus rostami sp. nov. ( Figures 3–7)
Androctonus crassicauda(Olivier, 1807): Barahoei et al., 2020b: 379, figure 3. Androctonuscf. crassicauda(Olivier, 1807): Barahoei, 2022: 37–40, figures 2 and 3.
Geographical distribution Populations of this species are distributed in the east of the eastern mountainous belt of eastern Iran( Barahoei et al., 2020b; Barahoei, 2022).
Material examined( 71 specimensincluding 28 female, 42 male, and 1 subadult) 1♂*† ( RIZ), Hormozganprov., Bandar Abbas, 27°13′N, 56°20′E, 23 October 2022, M. Shahileg.; 2♂* ( ZMFUM), 27°24′N, 56°24′E, 12 February 2018, H. Barahoeileg.; 2♂( ZMFUM), 27°16′N, 56°20′E, 11 May 2018, H. Barahoeileg.; 1♀* ( RIZ), 27°21′N, 56°41′E, 29 November 2021, M. Shahileg.; 1♀*, 1♂( RIZ), Khamir, 27°28′N, 55°24′E, 14 June 2023, M. Shahileg.; 2♀* ( ZMFUM), Port of Moallem, 26°40′N, 55°04′E, 10 April 2018, H. Barahoeileg.; 1♂( ZMFUM), Qeshm, 8 April 2018, H. Barahoeileg.- 1♀* ( RIZ) ( PP535683), Kermanprov., Dalfard, 28°08′N, 57°31′E, 25 October 2022, H. Barahoeileg.; - 1♂* ( ZMFUM), Razavi Khorasanprov., Khaf, 34°32′N, 60°09′E, 4 June 2017, H. Zanganehleg.- 1♀( RIZ) ( PP535676), Sistanand Baluchestanprov., Chabahar, 25°15′N, 60°50′E, 25 February 2022, H. Barahoeileg.; 3♂*† ( RIZ), 27°18′N, 62°24′E, 6 July2023, H. Barahoeileg.; 1 ♂( ZMFUM), Iranshahr, 27°15′N, 60°43′E, 26 March 2017, H. Barahoeileg.; 1♀( ZMFUM), 26°50′N, 60°10′E, 1 August 2017, H. Barahoeileg.; 2♀( ZMFUM), 21°19′N, 60°45′E, 27 October 2017, H. Barahoeileg.; 1♀( RIZ), Khash, 28°11′N, 60°41′E, 12 June 2023, F. Vahidinialeg.; 2♀, 1♂( ZMFUM), 28°22′N, 61°01′E, 25 September 2017, H. Barahoeileg.; 1♂( RIZ) ( PP535677), Nikshahr, 26°04′N, 60°10′E, 28 February 2022, H. Barahoeileg.; 1♂( ZMFUM), 26°05′N, 60°01′E, 3 May Figure 3.Paratype male of Androctonus rostami sp. nov.collected from Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Nimruz: A)Dorsal view; B)ventral view (RIZ-And-235). Figure 4.Body parts of paratype male Androctonus rostami sp. nov.collected from Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Nimruz: A)Carapace and mesosoma; B)sternopectineal region and sternites; C)chela and patella. Metasomal segment and telson: D)Ventral view; E)lateral view (RIZ-And-235). Figure 5.Female holotype of Androctonus rostami sp. nov.collected from Sistan and Baluchestan province, Nimruz: A)Dorsal view; B)ventral view (RIZ-And-237). Figure 6.Body parts of holotype female Androctonus rostami sp. nov.collected from Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Nimruz: A)Carapace and mesosoma; B) sternopectineal region and sternites; C)pedipalp. Metasomal segment III–V and telson: D)Dorsal view; E)ventral view; F)lateral view (RIZ-And-237). BARAHOEI et al. / TurkJ Zool Figure 7.Live female Androctonus rostami sp. nov., collected from Sistan and Baluchestan Province, city of Zahedan (FV-Scor-011). 2017, H. Barahoeileg.; 1♂( ZMFUM), 26°03′N, 59°46′E, 6 June 2017, H. Barahoeileg.; 1♂( RIZ) ( PP535678), 26°04′N, 59°43′E, 3 September 2017, H. Houtileg.; 2♀* ( Figure 5) ( RIZ), Nimruz, 30°58′N, 60°31′E, 5 July 2017, M.N. Barahoeileg.; 1♂* ( Figure 3) ( RIZ), 9 June 2020, M.N. Barahoeileg.; 1♀† ( RIZ) ( PP535679), 30°39′N, 60°44′E, 10 May 2021, H. Barahoeileg.; 1♀† ( RIZ), 30°53′N, 60°26′E, 19 March 2022, H. Barahoeileg.; 1♂*† ( RIZ) ( PP535680), 30°58′N, 60°31′E, 21 March 2022, H. Barahoeileg.; 1♂* ( RIZ) ( PP535681), 31°00′N, 60°38′E, 9 July 2022, H. Barahoeileg.; 1♂† ( RIZ) ( PP535682), 31°08′N, 60°23′E, 17 October 2023, M.N. Barahoeileg.; 3♀*, 2♂* ( RIZ) ( PP535684), Saravan, 27°36′N, 62°41′E, 15 September 2022, H. Barahoeileg.; 2♀†, 3♂*† ( RIZ) ( PP535686- PP535688), 27°28′N, 62°11′E, 21 September 2022, H. Barahoeileg.; 2♂( RIZ), 27°16′N, 62°26′E, 7 October 2022, M. Nourileg.; 1♀( ZMFUM), Zahedan, 29°26′N, 60°30′E, 3 February 2018, H. Barahoeileg.; 1♀† ( Figure 7) ( RIZ), 30°09′N, 60°45′E, 16 March 2023, F. Vahidinialeg.; 1♂( ZMFUM), 28°36′N, 60°46′E, 9 July 2017, H. Barahoeileg.; 1♂† ( RIZ) ( PP535685), 29°25′N, 60°10′E, 13 August 2023, H. Barahoeileg. - 1♀, 4♂( RIZ), South KhorasanProv., Nehbandan, 31°32′N, 60°00′E, 5 June 2022, M. Hashemzahi leg.; 2♀*, 6♂* ( 2 maleand 2 femalespecimens sent to ZMCBSU), 31°23′N, 60°43′E, 2 July 2022, N. Hashemzahileg.; 3♀, 2♂(sent to MHNG), 31°27′N, 60°40′E, 10 September 2022, N. Hashemzahileg.; 1 subadult( RIZ), 31°24′N, 60°41′E, 2 October 2022, N. Hashemzahi leg.
Etymology This species is named after Rostam, a legendary hero of Persian mythology whose life and work was immortalized by the 10th-century Persian poet Ferdowsi in the Shahnameh, or Epic of Kings.
Diagnosis Scorpions with body length 61.3 to 83.7 mmfor male and 61.2 to 87.4 mmfor female individuals ( Table S1); overall body color black ( Figures 3, 5, and 7), carapace with dense granules except for lateral ends ( Figures 4Aand 6A); pedipalp slightly elongated, length of femur 3 to 3.4 times the width, patella 2.3 to 2.7 times the width ( Table S1), chela smooth, manus wider than patella ( Figures 4Cand 6C), movable and fixed fingers with 13–15 rows of oblique teeth; beginning of mesosomal tergites smooth and their ends granulated, sternite VII with four nearly developed carinae, submedian carina present only in anterior half of segment, number of pectin teeth 27–34 inmales ( Figures 3Band 4B) and 22–26 infemales ( Figures 5Band 6B); metasomal segment I wider than long, other segments longer than wide; dorsal lateral carina of metasomal segment V with granule at beginning and a smooth edge posteriorly, ventral lateral carina toothed, with large cuneiform granule posteriorly ( Figures 4D, 4E, and 6D– 6F), anal arch with three almost rounded lobes in lateral part ( Figures 4Eand 6F).
Description: Female, holotype(RIZ-And-237) ( Figures 5and 6). Size:Body length 80.0 mm ( Table S1). Coloration:Body’s overall color black, pectin cream, sternites III–V and end part of legs brown ( Figures 5and 6). Chelicera:With two lateral teeth on ventral surface of fixed finger, movable finger with equal internal and external end teeth. Carapace:Trapezoid, width at end greater than length, surface with dense granules except for lateral end part, carinae fully developed and central median and posterior median carinae not connected ( Figure 6A), front margin of carapace straight in lateral view, with two to five very long setae, median eyes located in front part of prosoma, with five pairs of lateral eyes, two of which are smaller and may be confused with granules. Central median and posterior median carina with almost large continuous granules, central lateral carina with large and separate granules, intercarinal surface with few granules and smooth areas especially in the margins. Legs:Tarsomeres densely setose, with dense hair comb on all legs ( Figure 5). Pedipalp:Slightly elongated, femur 3.3 times longer than wide ( Figure 6C), intercarinal surface with granules, with five distinct carinae, prodorsal and retrodorsal carinae with dense granules, retroventral carinae faded and with only a few granules, proventral carina with dense granules, promedian carina with large and separate cuneiform granules; patella 2.5 times longer than wide ( Figure 6C), intercarinal surface with small granules, with eight carinae, prodorsal and proventral carinae with large and separate cuneiform granules, prodorsal carina densely granulated, retrodorsal and dorsal median and retroventral carinae obliterated (with smooth ridges), proventral carina with dense granules; chela smooth, carina faded, manus wider than patella, finger length slightly longer than manus length ( Figure 6C), movable finger with 14 or 15 rows of oblique teeth with external and internal accessory granules and three terminal granules, fixed finger with 14 rows of oblique teeth with internal and external teeth. Trichobothriotaxy: Aβ type, with 39 trichobothria on each pedipalp; femur with 11 trichobothria (five dorsal, four internal lateral, two external lateral); patella with 13 trichobothria (five dorsal, one internal, seven external); chela with 15 trichobothria (eight on manus, seven on fixed finger); esb, Esb, and Eb3trichobothria reduced; trichobothria etlocated near beginning of tooth row 5 and trichobothria estlocated near middle part of tooth row 7. Mesosoma:Beginning of tergites smooth and their ends granulated, end of first to sixth tergites with three carinae, seventh tergite with five carinae, presence of median carina only at first half of segment and weakly granulated ( Figure 6A); third to fifth sternites without carina, middle part of median carina (near the setae) and end half of submedian carina and upper part of respiratory opening (horizontally) granulated in sixth sternite. Seventh sternite with four developed carinae, sublateral carina faded in anterior and end part of segment, intercarinal surface without granule ( Figure 6B); number of pectin teeth 25|26, tip of pectin reaching first half of fourth sternite and before the junction of the trochanter with coxa of fourth leg ( Figure 6B); pectins with three marginal lamellae and eight middle lamellae, lamellae with many brown setae, each fulcrum with 2–4 brown setae; sternum pseudopentagonal type I, longer than wide, with deep median depression; genital operculum completely bisected lengthwise, with short and smooth spines ( Figure 6B). Metasoma:Segment I wider than long with 10 carinae, dorsal lateral and lateral median carinae with long cuneiform granules posteriorly, lateral inframedian, ventral lateral and ventral submedian carinae with distinct granules; segments II–III longer than wide, with eight carinae, dorsal lateral and lateral median carinae with long cuneiform granules posteriorly, lateral inframedian carina obliterated, with one or two large granules at end of segment, ventral lateral carina granulated, ventral submedian carina granular and with smooth edges; segment IV longer than wide, with eight carinae, dorsal lateral and lateral median carinae with long cuneiform granules posteriorly, absence of lateral inframedian carina, ventral lateral carina granulated, ventral submedian carina granulated and with smooth edges, end half with irregular granules ( Figures 6D–6F); segment V longer than wide, with five carinae, dorsal lateral carina with a granule at the beginning and smooth edge posteriorly, absence of lateral median and lateral inframedian carinae, ventral lateral carina toothed, with large cuneiform granule posteriorly, ventral median carina with serrated granules on front part and smooth edge at end, presence of five long setae on lateral surface of segment ( Figures 6D–6F); all segments with very sparse setae, anal arch with three lobes in lateral part, first lobe rounded, large, and always with groove ( Figure 6F); ventral intercarinal surface of segments II–V granulated ( Figure 6E). Telson:Elongate, with sparse setae, without subcaval tooth, ventral surface with ridge and granulated, dorsal surface smooth ( Figures 6D–6F); telson depth/length = 0.37, telson width/length = 0.46 ( Table S1). Description: Male, paratype(RIZ-And-235) ( Figures 3and 4). Male same as female with the following differences: Body length 83.6 mm( Table S1), body color darker than female, end of third to fifth sternite light yellow, length of femur 3.2 longer than wide, length of patella 2.5 longer than wide, movable finger with 15 rows of oblique teeth, fixed finger with 14 or 15 rows of oblique teeth, number of pectin teeth 31 ( Figure 3B), tip of pectin reaching middle of fifth sternite and after the junction of the trochanter with coxa of fourth leg ( Figure 3B), telson depth/length = 0.38, telson width/length = 0.46 ( Table S1).
[223,667,740,764]
MNHN
Iran
Kashan
6
53
1
Esfahan
holotype
2008-09-08
ZMFUM
O. Mirshamsi
33.95
Maranjab
1202
51.416668
6
53
1
1
Esfahan
2023-06-10
RIZ
M. Elahi
33.866665
Biabanak
1202
55.116665
Khur
6
53
2
2
Esfahan
RIZ
M. Elahi
32.866665
Nain
1208
53.066666
6
53
1
1
Esfahan
2011-06
ZMFUM
A. Mahmoudi
35.6
Akenloo
1192
48.183334
6
53
1
1
Hamadan
2023-08-09
RIZ
K. Seyedabadi
35.083332
Qom prov., Qom
1195
51.683334
6
53
1
1
Qom prov., Qom
RIZ
M. Elahi
32.316666
Ardakan
1211
54.033333
6
53
1
1
Yazd
RIZ
M. Elahi
31.616667
Bafgh
1215
55.383335
6
53
2
2
Yazd
2022-10-23
RIZ
M. Shahi
Iran
27.216667
Hormozgan prov.
1238
56.333332
6
53
1
1
Hormozgan
2018-02-12
ZMFUM
H. Barahoei
Iran
27.4
1237
56.4
6
53
2
2
Hormozgan
2018-05-11
ZMFUM
H. Barahoei
Iran
27.266666
1237
56.333332
6
53
2
2
Hormozgan
2021-11-29
RIZ
M. Shahi
Iran
27.35
1237
56.683334
6
53
1
1
Hormozgan
2023-06-14
RIZ
M. Shahi
Iran
27.466667
Khamir
1237
55.4
6
53
1
1
Hormozgan
2018-04-10
ZMFUM
H. Barahoei
Iran
26.666666
Port of Moallem
1241
55.066666
6
53
2
2
Hormozgan
2018-04-08
ZMFUM
H. Barahoei
Iran
Qeshm
6
53
1
1
2022-10-25
RIZ
H. Barahoei
Iran
28.133333
Dalfard
1233
57.516666
6
53
PP535683
1
1
Kerman
2017-06-04
ZMFUM
H. Zanganeh
Iran
34.533333
Khaf
1198
60.15
6
53
1
1
Khorasan-e Razavi
2022-02-25
RIZ
H. Barahoei
Iran
Sistan
25.25
Chabahar
1247
60.833332
Baluchestan prov.
6
53
PP535676
1
1
Khorasan-e Razavi
2023-07-06
RIZ
H. Barahoei
Iran
27.3
1237
62.4
6
53
3
3
Khorasan-e Razavi
2017-03-26
ZMFUM
H. Barahoei
Iran
27.25
Iranshahr
1237
60.716667
6
53
1
1
Khorasan-e Razavi
2017-08-01
ZMFUM
H. Barahoei
Iran
26.833334
1239
60.166668
6
53
1
1
Khorasan-e Razavi
2017-10-27
ZMFUM
H. Barahoei
Iran
21.316668
1264
60.75
6
53
2
2
Khorasan-e Razavi
2023-06-12
RIZ
F. Vahidinia
Iran
28.183332
Khash
1233
60.683334
6
53
1
1
Khorasan-e Razavi
2017-09-25
ZMFUM
H. Barahoei
Iran
28.366667
1232
61.016666
6
53
3
2
1
Khorasan-e Razavi
2022-02-28
RIZ
H. Barahoei
Iran
26.066668
Nikshahr
1243
60.166668
6
53
PP535677
1
1
Khorasan-e Razavi
[926,1379,1870,1898]
ZMFUM
May
Iran
26.083334
1243
60.016666
6
53
1
1
Khorasan-e Razavi
2017-06-06
ZMFUM
H. Barahoei
26.05
1243
59.766666
9
56
1
1
2017-09-03
RIZ
H. Barahoei
26.066668
1243
59.716667
9
56
PP535678
1
1
2017-07-05
RIZ
H. Houti
30.966667
Nimruz
1218
60.516666
9
56
2
2
Nimroz
[96,706,923,950]
2020-06-09
RIZ
M. N. Barahoei
9
56
1
1
Nimroz
2021-05-10
RIZ
M. N. Barahoei
30.65
1220
60.733334
9
56
PP535679
1
1
Nimroz
2022-03-19
RIZ
H. Barahoei
30.883333
1219
60.433334
9
56
1
1
Nimroz
2022-03-21
RIZ
H. Barahoei
30.966667
1218
60.516666
9
56
PP535680
1
1
Nimroz
2022-07-09
RIZ
H. Barahoei
31.0
1218
60.633335
9
56
PP535681
1
1
Nimroz
2023-10-17
RIZ
H. Barahoei
31.133333
1218
60.383335
9
56
PP535682
1
1
Nimroz
2022-09-15
RIZ
M. N. Barahoei
27.6
Saravan
1236
62.683334
9
56
PP535684
5
3
2
Nimroz
2022-09-21
RIZ
H. Barahoei
27.466667
1237
62.183334
9
56
PP535686, PP535688
5
2
3
Nimroz
2022-10-07
RIZ
H. Barahoei
27.266666
1237
62.433334
9
56
2
2
Nimroz
2018-02-03
ZMFUM
M. Nouri
29.433332
Zahedan
1227
60.5
9
56
1
1
Nimroz
2023-03-16
RIZ
H. Barahoei
30.15
1223
60.75
9
56
1
1
Nimroz
2017-07-09
ZMFUM
F. Vahidinia
28.6
1231
60.766666
9
56
1
1
Nimroz
2023-08-13
RIZ
H. Barahoei
29.416666
1227
60.166668
9
56
PP535685
1
1
Nimroz
2022-06-05
RIZ
H. Barahoei
31.533333
Nehbandan
1215
60.0
9
56
5
1
4
Khorasan-e Jonubi
2022-09-10
MHNG
N. Hashemzahi
31.45
1216
60.666668
9
56
5
3
2
Khorasan-e Jonubi
2022-10-02
RIZ
N. Hashemzahi
31.4
1216
60.683334
9
56
1
1
Khorasan-e Jonubi