Macunahyphes eduardoi Almeida & Mariano, 2015 : 498 New species of Macunahyphes Dias, Salles & Molineri (Ephemeroptera: Leptohyphidae), with taxonomic notes Paula Malaquias Souto Frederico Falcão Salles European Journal of Taxonomy 2016 254 1 15 Almeida & Mariano, 2015 Almeida & Mariano 2015 [484,1103,267,294] Insecta Leptohyphidae Macunahyphes Animalia Ephemeroptera 8 9 Arthropoda species eduardoi   Figs 2B, 4E    Macunahyphes eduardoi Almeida & Mariano, 2015: 498.    Diagnosis According to the original description, the male of  M. eduardoican be distinguished from all congeners by the following combination of characteristics: 1) fore wing translucent, with costal and subcostal area tinged with grey and with longitudinal vein CuP absent; 2) penes opaque yellow, spine elongate with lateral projections.    Material examined   Holotype   BRAZIL: ♁, imago, Bahia, Igrapiúna, Michelin Ecological Reserve, Pacangê River, Pacangê-Sapucaia2ª Ponte, 13°50′17.1″ S, 39°14′27.7″ W,  101 m,  21 Sep. 2012, A.R. Calorand Equipe LEAq leg.( CZNZ).   Other material  BRAZIL: 1 ♁, imago, Espírito Santo, Nova Venécia, Santa Rita do Pipinuck, Rio Cricaré, 18°39′51.4″ S, 40°30′44.9″ W, 25–26 Jul. 2012, K.B. Angeli leg. ( CZNCEp-4561); 2 ♁♁, imagines, same data but 18 Apr. 2012( CZNCEp-6431); 4 ♁♁, 3 ♀♀, imagines, Amazonas, Barcelos, Serra do Aracá (Base), tributary of Igarapé do Cobra, 00°52′13.22″ N, 63°27′13.36″ W, 25–26 Jul. 2009, F.F. Salles, A.P. Santos and N. Ferreira-Jr. leg. ( CZNCEp-6437); 1 ♁ imago, Jauari River, 00°48′0.28″ N, 63°29′22.92″ W, 26 Jul. 2009, F.F. Salles, A.P. Santos and N. Ferreira-Jr. leg. ( CZNCEp-6438); 1 ♁, 3 ♀♀, subimagines, Roraima, Caracaraí, Balneário Bem Querer, 01°55′46.3″ N, 61°00′06.9″ W, 13 Mar. 2014, F.F. Salles, R. Boldrini, E. Dominguez leg. ( CZNCEp-6562).    Description  Female subimago( Fig. 2B) LENGTH (mm). Body: 3.0–4.8; fore wing: 3.2–5.0. General coloration dark brown and yellowish. HEAD. Brown, washed with black; area between lateral ocelli and posterior margin tinged with black. THORAX. Pronotum brown, tinged with black, except for submedial stripe and anterolateral corner; mesonotum brown, washed with black; metanotum yellowish, washed with black; membranous filaments of mesoscutellum present and longer than in males. FORE WING. Membrane white, longitudinal and cross-veins black; vein CuP absent. ABDOMEN. Translucent (yellow because of the presence of eggs), washed with black; terga II–V forming a V-shaped unpigmented area; caudal filaments broken off.  Egg( Fig. 4E) Yellow. Shape elongate. One polar cap present. Chorion with longitudinal costae formed by plates, each one with a deep emargination.    Remarks  In the description of the male imago of  M. eduardoithere is no reference to the presence of membranous filaments of the mesoscutellum; this character is evident from the fresh material studied here. After examining the holotypeof  M. eduardoiit was possible to observe the presence of a short filament of about ¼ the length of the mesoscutellum. According to the original description, the hook-shaped lateral expansions present in the penis projection are distributed from its base to the middle region, whereas in the material examined by us the expansions are present throughout the penis projection, decreasing in size towards the apex. This is the first record of  M. eduardoifrom southeastern (state of Espírito Santo) and northern (state of Amazonas) Brazil.   Macunahyphes eduardoioccurs in areas comprising two disjunct biomes, Amazon and Atlantic Forest. Other species of plants and animals also show this distribution pattern, including some aquatic insects, such as  Asthenopodes chumucoMolineri, Salles & Peters, 2015( Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae),  Macrostemum erichsoni(Banks, 1920)and  Smicridea( Ryachophylax) roraimenseAlbino, Pes & Hamada, 2011( Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae). The presence of disjunct populations of a single taxon in Amazonia and the Atlantic Forest may be evidence of ancient connections between these biomes (see Costa 2003; Santos et al.2007; Fiaschi & Pirani 2009; Buso Junior et al.2013).   Distribution( Fig. 1)   Brazil( Amazonas, Bahiaand Espírito Santo). 1420231176 2012-09-21 CZNZ A. R. Calor Brazil Igrapiuna 101 -13.838083 Pacange River 1 -39.241028 Michelin Ecological Reserve 8 9 1 Bahia 1420231187 [189,728,761,788] Brazil Amazonas 9 10 1 Amazonas