Thaumasia heterogyna Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936: 15 Thaumasia argyrotypa Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936: 16 Thaumasia heterogyna Thaumasia heterogyna Thaumasia argyrotypa Thaumasia argyrotypa Thaumasia heterogyna 3567 Cruz Da Silva, Estevam L. Carico, James E. Zootaxa 2012 2012-11-29 3567 1 64 Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 Chamberlin & Ivie 1936 [151,747,1195,1222] Phaeophyceae Fucaceae Thaumasia Chromista Fucales 14 15 Ochrophyta species heterogyna   Figs 2, 9, 21, 68–79      Thaumasia heterogyna  Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936: 15, plate IV, fig. 26, female holotypefrom Barro Colorado Island, Panama[ 08°59’N, 79°33’W],  30.I-09.II.1928, A. M. Chickering(MCZ 91345) (examined).     Thaumasia argyrotypa  Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936: 16, plate IV, figs. 24, 25, female holotypefrom Barro Colorado Island, Panama[ 08°59’N, 79°33’W],  30.I-09.II.1928, A. M. Chickering(MCZ 91344) (examined).  New Synonymy  Newly established junior synonyms of  Thaumasia heterogyna.Examination of the typesof  Thaumasia heterogynaand  Thaumasia argyrotyparevealed that they belong to the same species, based on the shape of the female genitalia. Since  Thaumasia argyrotypawas described in subsequent pages to  Thaumasia heterogyna, it is synonymized with the later. Both males and females were frequently found together in many scientific collections and also collected together in the field.   Diagnosis.The females of  T. heterogynaresemble those of  T. caxiuana  sp. nov.in the general shape of the middle field of the epigynum ( Fig. 92), but can be distinguished by the shallower lateral excavations in the middle field of epigynum ( Figs. 68, 69), by the short head of spermathecae ( Figs 72, 73) The males resemble those of  T. scoparia( Fig. 145) and  T. velox( Fig. 57) in the short median apophysis ( Fig. 77), but can be distinguished by the acute and triangular tip of the median apophysis ( Figs 76, 77) and by the flattened and folded tip of the ectal branch of RTA ( Fig. 79).   Description.Female ( Holotype, Barro Colorado Island, Panama, MCZ 91345). Total length 13.30. Carapace 7.98 long, 5.98 wide, light brown, with dark brown bristles laterally; fovea marked. Clypeus light brown, 0.62 high. Anterior eye row straight, 1.14 wide; posterior recurved, 2.01 wide. Eye diameters, interdistances, and median ocular quadrangle: AME 0.21, ALE 0.14, PME 0.27, PLE 0.15; AME-AME 0.18, AME-ALE 0.16, PME- PME 0.40, PME-PLE 0.46, OQA 0.58, OQP 0.96, OQH 0.65. Chelicerae light brown, bristly. Sternum yellow, bristly; 2.66 long, 2.92 wide. Labium light brown, lighter distally, 0.93 long, 0.66 wide. Legs light brown, unmarked; with tufts of setae on the coxae of leg I; relative length: IV-II-I-III, I—femur 8.64/ patella-tibia 10.77/ metatarsus 7.04/ tarsus 3.05/ total 29.50; II—8.91/ 10.64/ 7.18/ 2.52/ 29.25; III—7.98/ 9.44/ 6.25/ 2.79/ 26.46; IV—9.84/ 11.57/ 8.24/ 3.99/ 33.64. Ventral pairs of macrosetae on tibiae: I-4; II-4; III-3; IV-3. Superior tarsal claw with eight teeth and inferior with one tooth ( Fig. 75). Abdomen 7.98 long, grayish-green, with two lateral bands of white bristles. Venter gray with two median whitish bands and scattered setae. Female epigynum with middle field laterally less deeply excavated ( Figs 68, 69) and with a conspicuous and rounded hood ( Fig. 68). Head of spermathecae short ( Figs 72, 73) and ( Figs 71, 72). Male ( Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, MCTP 8839). Total length 13.96. Carapace 7.58 long, 7.04 wide, colour as in female ( Fig. 9). Clypeus as in female, 0.65 high. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, 1.41 wide ( Fig. 21); posterior recurved, 2.15 wide. Eye diameters, interdistances, and median ocular quadrangle: AME 0.27, ALE 0.15, PME 0.37, PLE 0.18; AME-AME 0.12, AME-ALE 0.16, PME-PME 0.40, PME-PLE 0.21, OQA 0.68, OQP 1.05, OQH 0.85. Chelicerae reddish-brown, with long lateral bristles ( Fig. 21). Sternum as in female, with scattered setae; 2.66 long, 3.59 wide. Labium light brown, 1.33 long, 0.93 wide. Legs as in female, relative length: IV-I-II-III, I—femur 11.97/ patella-tibia 13.96/ metatarsus 9.28/ tarsus 3.94/ total 39.15; II—11.17/ 14.23/ 9.31/ 3.99/ 38.70; III—9.04/ 11.57/ 7.44/ 3.32/ 31.37; IV—11.70/ 13.83/ 9.97/ 4.12/ 39.62. Ventral pairs of macrosetae on tibiae: I-5; II-5; III-4; IV-3. Abdomen 7.44 long, light brown. Venter light brown, with scattered setae. Male palpus with a short median apophysis ( Figs. 76, 77); subtegulum elongated ( Fig. 76). Ental branch of RTA with an elongated tip and ectal branch of RTA short and with a thin apex ( Figs 78, 79).   Other material examined.  PANAMA,  Colon: Canal Zone Barro Colorado Island[ 08°59’N, 79°33’W], 5 ♀, no date, A. M. Chickering( MCZ91173),  1 ♀,  14-18.I.1958, A. M. Chickering( MCZ91224),  5 ♀, no date, A. M. Chickering( MCZ91174),  1 ♀,  15.VII.1950, A. M. Chickering( MCZ91197),  2 ♀, no date, A. M. Chickering( MCZ91175),  1 ♂,  21.VII.1954, A. M. Chickering( MCZ91187),  1 ♂, 1 ♀,  VIII.1983, P. Sierwald( USNM);  Madden Dam, 1 ♀,  02.I.1958, A. M. Chickering( MCZ91216);  Santa Rosa[ 09°11’00.36”N, 79°39’21.08”W], 1 ♀,  IX.1945, C. D. Michener( MCZ91188);  Santa Lúcia[ 08°25’N, 80°32’W], 1 ♂,  14.II.1879, unknown collector ( MCZ91177).  COLOMBIA,  Meta: Puerto Lleras, Lomalinda[ 03°18’N, 73°22’W], 1 ♀, no date, B. T. Carroll( USNM).  VENEZUELA,  Amazonas: Rio Bário[ 02°48’N, 65°07’W], 1 ♀,  07-09. V.1984, J. Cracraft( AMNH).  BOLIVIA,  Beni: San Borja, Estacion Ecológica  Beni[ 14°22’S, 65°06’W], 1 ♀,  06-08.IX.1987, W. E. Steiner( USNM).  BRAZIL,  Amazonas: Coari, Cacoal-Solimões[ 04°05’S, 63°09’W], 1 ♀,  01.IX-08.XI.2003, Venticinque& Rego( EX- INPA 2719);  Novo Airão-Moura, Parque Nacional do Jaú, Igapó do Rio Jaú[ 02°37’S, 60°57’W], 1 ♀,  30. VI.2000, E. M. Venticinque( IBSP 39941);   Acre: Rio Purú[ 09°51’S, 69°21’W], 1 ♂,  15-18.IX.1973, B. Paterson( MCZ91416);   Mato Grosso do Sul: Bataguassu, Rio Pardo[ 21°42’44.54”S, 52°25’41.02”W], 1 ♀,  22- 25. V.2001, D. F. Candiani& C. Y. Fukami( IBSP 39460);  Corumbá[ 19°00’S, 57°40’W], 1 ♀, 2004, J. Raizer( IBSP 133974);   Mato Grosso: Vale do São Domingos, Pontes de Lacerda, Usina Hidrelétrica de Guaporé[ 15°17’S, 59°05’W], 1 ♀,  X.1999, Equipe Resgate( IBSP 41641),  1 ♂, 3 ♀,  X.1999, Equipe Resgate( IBSP 41565),  5 ♀,  X.1999, Equipe Resgate( IBSP 41528),  1 ♂, 10 ♀,  X.1999, Equipe Resgate( IBSP 40368),  3 ♂, 5 ♀,  X.1999, Equipe Resgate( IBSP 41428);   Distrito Federal: Planaltina[ 15°37’S, 47°40’W], 6 ♂, 6 ♀, no date, R. B. Pereira( DZUB 5163);  Sobradinho[ 15°38’S, 47°49’W], 2 ♂, 2 ♀,  22.X.2005, unknown collector ( DZUB 3979);   Tocantins: Miracema, Usina Hidrelétrica Luís Eduardo Magalhães[ 10°02’S, 48°21’W], 1 ♀,  11-21.X.2001, R. Bertani& W. I. Toledo( IBSP 31517),  1 ♀,  05.I.2002, D. M. Cândido& M. Costa( IBSP 40439);   Goiás: Caldas Novas[ 17°45’S, 48°38’W], 1 ♀,  18.III.2005, D. Diniz( DZUB 1576);   Minas Gerais: Martinho Campos[ 19°19’S, 45°15’W], 1 ♀,  23.X.2003, A. J Santos( IBSP 42912);  Lavras[ 21°15’S, 45°00’W], 1 ♀,  30.I.1979, W. Don Fronk( MCZ91202);   Bahia: Mucuri, Fazenda Anfíbia[ 18°03’S, 39°33’W], 2 ♀,  20.VIII.1979, Unknowncollector ( UBTU 3383);  Santa Rita de Cássia[ 10°50’S, 44°28’W], 1 ♀,  27.IV.2001, R. Bertani& E. K. Kashimata( IBSP 39494);   São Paulo: Presidente Epitácio[ 21°47’S, 52°09’W], 1 ♀,  20-25.III.2001, J. P. Guadanucci& R. Bertani( IBSP 38591);  Primavera/ Rosana, Usina Hidrelétrica Engenheiro Sérgio Motta[ 20°33’S, 48°35’W], 3 ♀, XI-  XII.1998, Equipe IBSP( IBSP 28656);   Espírito Santo: Guaçuí, São José do Calçado[ 20°46’S, 41°41’W], 1 ♂,  30.XI.2002, B. C. A. Elias( IBSP 56107);   Rio Grande do Sul: Capela de Santana[ 29°43’S, 51°20’W], 3 ♂, 3 ♀,  26.XII.2009, E. L. C. Silva( MCTP 8840, 8841, 8842),  6 ♂, 5 ♀,  30.XII.2011, E. L. C. Silva( MCTP 33347, 33348, 33349).   Distribution. Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Bolivia, Brazil( Fig. 2). MCZ 91345 [392,693,1302,1324] 1928-01-30 1928-02-09 1928-01-30 MCZ A. M. Chickering Panama 8.983334 Barro Colorado Island 1300 -79.55 14 15 1 holotype MCZ 91344 [394,705,1363,1385] 1928-01-30 1928-02-09 1928-01-30 MCZ A. M. Chickering & New Synonymy Panama 8.983334 Barro Colorado Island 1300 -79.55 14 15 1 holotype MCZ 91173 MCZ A. M. Chickering Panama 8.983334 Canal Zone Barro Colorado Island 1300 -79.55 15 16 5 5 Colon MCZ 91224 [623,1205,871,895] 1958-01-14 1958-01-18 1958-01-14 MCZ Chickering Panama 15 16 1 1 MCZ 91174 MCZ Chickering Panama 15 16 5 5 MCZ 91197 [461,1053,908,932] 1950-07-15 MCZ Chickering Panama 15 16 1 1 MCZ 91175 MCZ Chickering Panama 15 16 2 2 MCZ 91187 [328,926,943,967] 1954-07-21 MCZ Chickering Panama 15 16 1 1 [941,1432,943,967] 1983-08 USNM Sierwald Panama 15 16 2 1 1 MCZ 91216 [151,869,980,1004] 1958-01-02 MCZ A. M. Chickering Panama Madden Dam 15 16 1 1 MCZ 91188 1945-09 MCZ C. D. Michener Panama 9.183434 Santa Rosa 1 -79.65585 15 16 1 1 MCZ 91177 1879-02-14 MCZ Panama 8.416667 Santa Lucia 1301 -80.53333 15 16 1 1 T, USNM Carroll Colombia 3.3 Lomalinda 1307 -73.36667 Puerto Lleras 15 16 1 1 Meta [268,1432,1087,1112] 1984-05-07 1984-05-09 1984-05-07 V, AMNH J. Cracraft Venezuela 2.8 Rio Bario 1307 -65.11667 15 16 1 1 Amazonas [151,707,1124,1148] San Borja & Estacion Ecologica Bolivia Beni 15 16 1 Beni 1987-09-06 1987-09-08 1987-09-06 USNM W. E. Steiner Bolivia -14.366667 Beni 1288 -65.1 15 16 1 1 Beni 2003-09-01 2003-11-08 2003-09-01 EX- Venticinque & Rego Brazil Amazonas -4.0833335 Cacoal-Solimoes 1307 -63.15 Coari 15 16 INPA 2719 1 1 2000-06-30 VI E. M. Venticinque Brazil Novo Airao-Moura -2.6166668 Igapo do Rio Jau 1307 -60.95 Parque Nacional do Jau 15 16 IBSP 39941 1 1 MCZ 91416 1973-09-15 1973-09-18 1973-09-15 MCZ B. Paterson Brazil -9.85 Rio Puru 1298 -69.35 15 16 1 1 Acre 2001-05-22 2001-05-25 2001-05-22 V D. F. Candiani & C. Y. Fukami Brazil -21.712374 Rio Pardo 1 -52.428062 Bataguassu 15 16 IBSP 39460 1 1 Mato Grosso do Sul IBSP J. Raizer Brazil -19.0 Corumba 1273 -57.666668 15 16 IBSP 133974 1 1 1999-10 IBSP Equipe Resgate Brazil Vale do Sao Domingos -15.283334 Usina Hidreletrica de Guapore 1285 -59.083332 Pontes de Lacerda 15 16 IBSP 41641 1 1 Mato Grosso [801,1370,1375,1400] 1999-10 IBSP Equipe Resgate Brazil 15 16 IBSP 41565 4 3 1 1999-10 IBSP Equipe Resgate Brazil 15 16 IBSP 41528 5 5 [616,1205,1412,1436] 1999-10 IBSP Equipe Resgate Brazil 15 16 IBSP 40368 11 10 1 1999-10 IBSP Equipe Resgate Brazil 15 16 IBSP 41428 8 5 3 R B. Pereira Brazil -15.616667 Planaltina 1284 -47.666668 Distrito Federal 15 16 DZUB 5163 12 6 6 [340,1431,1484,1508] 2005-10-22 DZUB Brazil -15.633333 Sobradinho 1284 -47.816666 15 16 DZUB 3979 4 2 2 2001-10-11 2001-10-21 2001-10-11 R Bertani & W. I. Toledo Brazil -10.033334 Usina Hidreletrica Luis Eduardo Magalhaes 1298 -48.35 Miracema 15 16 IBSP 31517 1 1 Tocantins [596,1263,1556,1580] 2002-01-05 IBSP Candido & Costa Brazil 15 16 IBSP 40439 1 1 2005-03-18 DZUB D. Diniz Brazil -17.75 Caldas Novas 1277 -48.633335 15 16 DZUB 1576 1 1 Goias 2003-10-23 IBSP A. J Santos Brazil -19.316668 Martinho Campos 1272 -45.25 15 16 IBSP 42912 1 1 Minas Gerais MCZ 91202 1979-01-30 MCZ W. Don Fronk Brazil -21.25 Lavras 1264 -45.0 15 16 1 1 1979-08-20 UBTU Unknown Brazil -18.05 Fazenda Anfibia 1276 -39.55 Mucuri 15 16 UBTU 3383 2 2 Bahia 2001-04-27 R Bertani & E. K. Kashimata Brazil -10.833333 Santa Rita de Cassia 1297 -44.466667 15 16 IBSP 39494 1 1 2001-03-20 2001-03-25 2001-03-20 R J. P. Guadanucci & Bertani Brazil -21.783333 Presidente Epitacio 1262 -52.15 15 16 IBSP 38591 1 1 Sao Paulo 1998-12 IBSP Equipe Brazil Primavera -20.55 Usina Hidreletrica Engenheiro Sergio Motta 1267 -48.583332 Rosana 15 16 IBSP 28656 3 3 2002-11-30 IBSP B. C. A. Elias Brazil -20.766666 Sao Jose do Calcado 1266 -41.683334 Guacui 15 16 IBSP 56107 1 1 Espirito Santo 2009-12-26 MCTP E. L. C. Silva Brazil -29.716667 Capela de Santana 1225 -51.333332 15 16 MCTP 8840, 8841, 8842 6 3 3 Rio Grande do Sul 2011-12-30 MCTP Silva Brazil 15 16 MCTP 33347, 33348, 33349 11 5 6