Aphis (Hemiptera, Aphididae) species living on Baccharis (Asteraceae) in southern South America, with description of three new species
Nafría, Juan Manuel Nieto
Ortego, Jaime
Brown, Paul A.
López Ciruelos, Sara I.
Durante, M. Pilar Mier
Zootaxa
2019
2019-08-13
4656
1
153
167
Nieto Nafria & Mier Durante
Nafría & Ortego & Brown & López Ciruelos & Durante
2019
[151,825,153,181]
Insecta
Aphididae
Aphis
Animalia
Aphidomorpha
5
158
Arthropoda
species
conspicua
sp. nov.
Aphis
( Fig. 2; Table 1)
Types. Holotype. Apterous viviparous female(measured specimenARG-448 number 16, mounted with two paratypes): ARGENTINA, Neuquén: Huilichesdep., Junín de los Andes( 39º 54’ S, 71º 04’ W, 800 m), 23-January-2000, on Baccharissalicifolia, Universidad de Leóncollection. Paratypes: 214 apterous viviparous females[apt] and 1 alate viviparous female[al], Natural History Museum, Londonand Universidad de Leóncollections. ARGENTINA, Mendoza: Malargüedep., Arroyo Las Minas( 35º 27’ S, 69º 50’ W, 1960 m), 4-February-2000, on Baccharissalicifolia, Ortego leg. (62 apt); Malargüedep., La Colorada( 35º 30’ S, 69º 49’ W, 1810 m), 4-February-2000, on Baccharissalicifolia(3 apt); Malargüedep., Puesto Los Palacios( 35º 28’ S, 69º 49’ W, 1885 m), 28-November-2012, on B. salicifolia, Arneodo& Ortego leg. (1 apt). ARGENTINA, Neuquén: same data as the holotype(76 apt, 1 al); Minasdep., Los Carrizos( 37º 03’ S, 70º 46’ W, 1150 m), 6-December-1998, on Baccharissalicifolia, Ortego leg. (33 apt). CHILE, Maule: Talcaprov., road to Paso Pehuencheat 2510 m( 35º 59’ S, 70º 24’ W), 2-February-2000, on Baccharislinearis(41 apt). Etymology.The specific epithet conspicuais an adjective in nominative singular, and is feminine to agree with the genus name Aphis, which according to the context can means: “visible”, “that is in view”, “that is seen”, and also “distinguished”, “remarkable”, “indisputable”, which is in relation to the set of characters that the viviparous females present that allows us to easily separate this species from the remaining South American Aphisspecies. FIGURE 2. Aphis conspicuaNieto Nafría & Mier Durante, sp. n.A–D, apterous viviparous female; A, specimen with intermediate dorsal sclerotisation; B, dorso-thoracic reticulation; C, marginal tubercles on metathorax (small one placed partially on the pigmented sclerite) and abdominal segments 1, 2 and 3; D, dorso-abdominal reticulation. E–F, Alate viviparous females; E, head plus a part of prothorax, and a part of metathorax plus abdomen; F, antennal segment III. The scales vary according to specimens or parts photographed; see measurements in Table 1. Descriptions.Apterous viviparous females ( Figs. 2A-2D). From 215 specimens. When alive matt yellowish grey to matt black. 1.125 –1.849mmlong. Metric and meristic features in Table 1. Head, including clypeus and mandibular and maxillar lames and rostrum brown, sometimes with an irregular epicraneal line. Frons smoothly sinuate. Antennae usually six-segmented. Antennal segments I, II, V, VIand sometimes IVand a part of IIIas pigmented as cephalic dorsum, other parts of antennae brownish yellow. Antennal segments I, IIand most of IIIsmooth, IVwith small transversal striae and V and VIimbricated. Rostrum reaches nearly to the hind leg coxae. Ultimate rostral segment darker than proximal ones and carrying 2 accessory setae. Legs well pigmented, usually brown like cephalic dorsum except for a small proximal portion of femora, and ¾ proximal of tibiae that are brownish yellow. Tarsal chaetotaxy formula 3.3.2. Prothorax with very extensive sclerotisation, although never complete, rough and variably pigmented; mesothorax with marginal patches and a complete or fragmented transversal band, both two reticulated and well pigmented; metathorax with marginal patches also pigmented and reticulated. Dorsal abdominal sclerotisation is variable; in the most sclerotized and darkest specimens segments 1 to 5 have spinopleural bands that are very irregular in shape, frequently interrupted, brown and reticulated, plus small marginal sclerites that carry the tubercles, and segments 6, 8 and occasionally 7 have small setiferous sclerites. In less sclerotized specimens only a few small and dispersed spinal or pleural sclerites are present on presiphuncular segments. Intersegmental and spiracular sclerites on thorax and abdomen dark brown. Marginal tubercles very broad and low, on prothorax and on abdominal segments 1 and 7, as is usual in Aphis, and also on all intermediate abdominal segments (rarely lacking on 6), frequently also on metathorax and sometimes on mesothorax; the diameter of those on prothorax as long as or longer than the eye diameter, those on the thoracic segments and on abdominal segments 5 to 7 are smaller than others but their maximum diameter is as long as or longer than the nearest seta. Siphunculi cylindrical, sometimes basally enlarged, with small flange, homogeneously as dark as or darker than the abdominal dorsum and imbricated. Genital and anal plates dark-brown. Cauda long-triangular, sometimes with a very slight proximal constriction. Setae in general very long, very slender and pointed. Alate viviparous females ( Figs. 2E-2F). From 1 specimen. Approximately 1.6 mmlong, (the specimen is broken). Very similar to apterous viviparous females, with the following differences in addition to different thoracic configuration: (1) antennae more homogeneously dark; (2) segment IIIrough and with 6 to 7 secondary sensoria, aligned over the entire length; (3) segment IVsometimes with 1 secondary sensorium, (4) marginal tubercles on prothorax and abdominal segments 1 to 7 protruding, cylindrical and flat domed; (5) much poorer dorso-abdominal sclerotisation. Metric and meristic features in Table 1. Bionomics. Specimens of A. conspicua sp. n.live on the stems of plants of Baccharis salicifolia(Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.and B. linearis(Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.in compact groups. Alate females seem to be very rare. Sexual forms are not known so we are uncertain of their life cycle, but the species may be holocyclic. Distribution. The area of distribution recorded for Aphis conspicuais smaller than that of the other two species described here; the two localities placed at the ends of this area are 520 kmfrom each other in a straight line, nevertheless it is possible that its range is broader and overlaps with the area of distribution of its host plants, Baccharis salicifoliais known in Argentinafrom the northern border to Santa Cruzand in a large part of Chileto Aysén, and B. linearisis known in the Chilean Andes slopes from Antofagastato Aysénand in Argentinafrom San Juanto Chubut. Taxonomic discussion. Aphis conspicua sp. n.can be differentiated from species of “group 5” in the key to apterous viviparous females of Aphidinaspecies recorded in Argentinaand Chileby Nieto Nafría et al. ( in press) (see “taxonomic discussion” of A. fuentesifor the distribution and size of its marginal tubercles). Among these species, only A. papillosahas very large marginal tubercles, but these tubercles are absent on meso- and metathorax, usually absent on abdominal segment 6 (only 16% of specimens have 1 papilla at least [Mier Durante et al., 2003]) and can be absent on one side of abdominal segment 5. In addition, both species can be separated by the length of siphunculi 0.9–1.4 times cauda and 0.11–0.27 mmin A. conspicuaversus 0.4–0.9 times cauda and 0.07–0.16 mmin A. papillosa, and also by the length of setae, which are longer in A. conspicua, for example respectively in A. papillosaand A. conspicua,the setae on the vertex are 10–33 μm and 37–55 μm, on antennal segment IIIare 10–25 μm and 22–50 μm and on spinal zone of abdominal segments 2 or 3 are 10–31 μm and 35–57 μm. Differences between the various Aphisspecies that live on Baccharisspecies are shown in the identification key to apterous viviparous females at the end of the “taxonomic discussion” section of Aphis fuentesi.
2413161235
5
158
2
1
holotype
2413161233
2000-01-23
Argentina
800
-39.9
Junin de los Andes
1166
-71.066666
Huiliches
5
158
1
Neuquen
2413161254
London
Natural History Museum
5
158
2
2
paratype
2413161250
2000-02-04
Argentina
1960
-35.45
Arroyo Las Minas
1193
-69.833336
Malargue
5
158
1
Mendoza
2413161261
2000-02-04
1810
-35.5
La Colorada
1193
-69.816666
Malargue
5
158
1
2413161245
2012-11-28
1885
-35.466667
Puesto Los Palacios
1193
-69.816666
Malargue
5
158
1
2413161237
[696,1431,514,541]
Argentina
Neuquen
5
158
1
Neuquen
holotype
2413161230
1998-12-06
1150
-37.05
Los Carrizos
1183
-70.76667
Minas
5
158
1
2413161229
2000-02-02
Chile
2510
-35.983334
Paso Pehuenche
1190
-70.4
Talca
5
158
1
Maule