The tetrastichine wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae) associated with galls on Erythrina species (Fabaceae) in South Africa, with the description of five new species Prinsloo, Rd. L. Kelly, Ne. A. Zootaxa 2009 2009-04-27 2083 1 27 45 Prinsloo & Kelly 2009 [151,387,809,835] Insecta Eulophidae Aprostocetus Animalia Hymenoptera 14 41 Arthropoda species nitens sp. nov.   Figs. 31–37.  Female.Length: 1.1–1.7 mm. Colour: head and body black, shiny with a distinct dark metallic green tinge, the base of gaster broadly suffused with yellow; antenna mostly yellowish, or with flagellum a little darker in some specimens; legs yellowish save hind coxa largely black with a metallic tinge, the middle and hind coxae slightly darkened in some specimens; tarsal tips dark; wings hyaline, venation pale brown. Head ( Fig. 35) in frontal view 1.2–1.3 X as wide as high, about 1.7 X as wide as frontovertex at its narrowest; malar space 0.5–0.6 X as long as an eye, the sulcus almost straight, without a triangular fovea beneath the eye; POL 1.6–1.9 X OOL, more than 4 X OD; mandible with two teeth and a truncation; head rather densely setose as in Fig. 35, eyes naked; lower margin of the toruli a little above lower eye margins; clypeus distinctly bilobed. Antenna ( Fig 32) somewhat variable: scape approximately 3 X as long as wide, about 0.7 X the length of an eye, not reaching vertex; pedicel 1.8–2.5 X as long as wide, subequal in length to basal funicle segment; antenna with four strongly transverse anelli, the middle two distinctly shorter than the remaining two, which are about equal in size; funicle three-segmented, either with basal two segments about equal in length, each 2.0–2.6 X as long as wide and segment III a little shorter, or segment II intermediate in length between segments I and III; club as long as the distal two to two and a half funicle segments combined, 2.7–3.3 X as long as wide; basal club segment as long as wide to distinctly longer than wide, wider than apical funicle segment; apical club segment as wide as long to wider than long; apical spine distinctly shorter than length of apical club segment; sensilla sparse, the flagellum rather sparsely setose, as in Fig. 32. Mesosoma ( Fig. 34) about 1.3 X as long as broad; mesoscutum in profile slightly convex dorsally, in dorsal view gently rounded from side to side; mesoscutal midlobe about 1.2 X as wide as long with a distinct median line, with 2–3 strongly developed adnotaular setae at each side; mesoscutum with clearly discernible lineate-reticulate sculpture; scutellum strongly convex, 1.1–1.3 X wider than long with distinct submedian and sublateral lines; sculpture much as in mesoscutum; scutellum with 2 pairs of setae, anterior pair placed slightly behind mid-length of scutellum; dorsellum a narrow band, hardly convex, smooth, medially much longer than propodeum; propodeum medially very short, barely visible in some specimens, without a median and paraspiracular carinae, mostly smooth with fine, poorly defined sculptural cells; spiracles less than their own diameter from anterior propodeal margin; cali each with 3 – 4 setae. Middle leg with tibal spur slightly shorter than basitarsus.   FIGURES 31–38.  Aprostocetusspp.: 31–37,  A. nitens  sp. n.: 31, forewing, female; 32, antenna, female; 33, antenna, male; 34, mesosoma, female; 35, head, frontal view, female; 36, ovipositor and middle tibia, same scale, female; 37, male genitalia. 38,  A. exertusLa Salle, female, lateral view. Forewing ( Fig. 31) 2.2–2.5 X as long as wide; costal cell 14–18 X as long as broad, about 0.75 X as long as marginal vein, with a short row of 3–4 ventral setae at distal end; submarginal vein with 2 dorsal setae; marginal vein 4.3–5.3 X as long as stigmal; postmarginal vein very short, less than 0.25 X as long as stigmal; subcubital line of setae extending basally as far as basal vein, closing speculum posteriorly; longest marginal cilia varying from 0.5 X to almost as long as longest setae on marginal vein. Metasoma with gaster (including protruding gonostyli) long, slender, about 3.5 X as long as wide, 2.5 X as long as mesosoma, tapering strongly to an acute apex; epipygium conical, at least about 1.3 X as long as wide; hypopygium extending about half way length of gaster; ovipositor, as seen in cleared slide mounted specimens ( Fig. 36), longer than gaster, 2.2–2.9 X as long as middle tibia, 2.9–3.5 X as long as gonostyli, the later very long, slender, protruding prominently caudally, more than 5 X as long as middle tibial spur.  Male.Length: 0.8–1.1 mm. Colour: head and body black, shiny with a dark metallic green tinge as in female, the basal third or so of gaster white in contrast; antenna whitish or with flagellum a little darker in some specimens; plaque shiny brown in contrast, visible as a distinct dark subapical patch on ventral margin of scape; legs entirely white save dark tarsal tips; wings entirely hyaline. Differing structurally from female mainly in antenna ( Fig. 33): scape 3.0–3.4 X as long as wide with a short, strongly raised subapical plaque on ventral margin as in Fig. 33; two transverse anelli; funicle with four subequal funicle segments, each 1.4–1.7 X as long as wide; flagellar setae fairly sparse, gently curved; Genitalia as in Fig. 37.   Remarks.Some of the specimens from Tanzaniathat are listed below differ from the majority of the study material by the base of the gaster which is not palely marked and by the legs which are, besides the coxae, not entirely yellow but with the femora distinctly infuscated to a varying degree. In addition, a few Tanzanian specimens have a single dorsal seta on the submarginal vein, instead of the normal two. Since these differences were found among specimens of the same series they are attributed to intraspecific variation.   Aprostocetus nitensis readily separated from  A. tritus, A. exertusand the known undescribed  Erythrinagall-associated  Aprostocetusspeciesby the following combination of characters: body with a metallic green tinge and prominently protruding ovipositor (but not unusually long and tail-like as in  A. exertus); strongly developed row of 2–3 adnotaular setae; 2 (rarely 1) dorsal setae on the submarginal vein; male antenna with 2 anelli, scape with a short, strongly raised plaque. Although Kostjukov (2004)restored the generic status of  OotetrastichusPerkinswe here follow Graham (1987), La Salle (1994)and many other subsequent authors in treating this taxon as a subgenus of  Aprostocetus. In so doing the subgeneric placement of  A. nitensremains uncertain since it has several character states that have been attributed to either  Ootetrastichusor  Aprostocetus, as defined by Graham (1987)and La Salle (1994).   Type material examined. Female holotype, 39 female, 26 male paratypesas follows:  SOUTH AFRICA. Limpopo Province: Blouberg NW of Polokwane, 23°04’S 28°59’E,  v.2006, ex leaf galls on  Erythrina lysistemon( Female holotype, 1 female; HYMC03797);  Gauteng Province: Pretoria, Rietondaleexperiment farm, 25°43’S 28°14’E,  ii.2006, ex leaf galls on  E. lysistemon( 14 females, 14 males; HYMC05082); Pretoria, Botanical Gardens, 25°44’S 28°16’S,  ii.2006, ex leaf and vein galls on  E. acanthocarpa( 8 females, 7 males; HYMC03798);  Mpumalanga Province: Pongola, 27°23’S 30°38’E,  v.1996, from  Erythrinasp.( 3 females, 5 males; HYMC02269);  Western Cape province: Stellenbosch,  vii.1980, ex leaf galls on  E. lysistemon( 13 females; HYMC02281). Allseries collected by S. Neser. 2 female, 2 male paratypeseach: BMNH, ANIC, MNHN.  Non   typematerial examined. SOUTH AFRICA: Gauteng Province: Pretoria, Rietondaleexperiment farm, 25°43’S 28°14’E,  xi. 2004, ex leaf galls on  E. lysistemon( 14 females, 3 males; HYMC03774); same data except  ii.2006( 3 females, 6 males; HYMC03790);  Pretoria, Rietondaleexperiment farm,  ii.1997, in inflorescens of  E. humeana( 1 female, 1 male; HYMC02275);  Pretoria,  iii.1986, ex leaf galls on  E. lysistemon( 3 females, 2 males; HYMC02284); same data except  iii.1990( 2 females, 1 male; HYMC02279);  Pretoria,  ii.1986, ex leaf veins of  E. zeyheri( 1 male; HYMC02272);  Western Cape Province: Stellenbosch,  xii.1975, ex leaf galls on E.? caffra( 1 female; HYMC03780); all series collected by S. Neser; KwaZulu-Natal Province: Durban,  i.2006, M. Ramadan, ex leaf galls on  E. lysistemon( 8 females).  TANZANIA. Morogoro region,  ii.2007, ex galls on  Erythrina abyssinicafrom the following villages: Bwawaniand Gweta( 28 females);  Arusha region, Masaicamp village,  ii. 2007ex galls on  E. abyssinica( 8 females);  Mwanza region, Emeleia village,  ii.2007, ex leaf galls on  E. variegatavar. ? indica( 15 females);  Iringa,  i.2006, ex leaf galls on  E. latissima( 2 females); all series collected by M. Ramadan; in ANIC. 2006-05 HYMC Female South Africa -23.066668 Blouberg 1257 28.983334 16 43 HYMC03797 1 1 Limpopo holotype 2006-02 HYMC Pretoria & Botanical Gardens South Africa -28.266666 Rietondale 1233 28.233334 Pretoria 16 43 HYMC05082, HYMC03798 43 22 21 Gauteng holotype 1996-05 HYMC South Africa -27.383333 Pongola 1237 30.633333 16 43 HYMC02269 8 3 5 Mpumalanga holotype 1980-07 BMNH, ANIC, MNHN All & S. Neser. South Africa Stellenbosch 16 43 HYMC02281 17 15 2 Western Cape paratype 2004-11 HYMC South Africa -25.716667 Rietondale 1245 28.233334 Pretoria 16 43 HYMC03774 17 14 3 Gauteng holotype 2006-02 HYMC South Africa -25.716667 Rietondale 1245 28.233334 Pretoria 16 43 HYMC03790 9 3 6 Gauteng holotype 1997-02 HYMC South Africa Rietondale Pretoria 16 43 HYMC02275 2 1 1 Gauteng holotype 1986-03 HYMC South Africa Pretoria 16 43 HYMC02284 5 3 2 Gauteng holotype [591,1321,1892,1918] 1990-03 HYMC South Africa Pretoria 16 43 HYMC02279 3 2 1 Gauteng holotype 1986-02 HYMC South Africa Pretoria 16 43 HYMC02272 1 1 Gauteng holotype 1975-12 HYMC South Africa Stellenbosch 16 43 HYMC03780 1 1 Western Cape holotype 2006-01 S. Neser & M. Ramadan South Africa Durban 16 43 8 8 KwaZulu-Natal holotype 2007-02 Bwawani & Gweta Tanzania 17 44 Morogoro region 16 43 28 28 Morogoro holotype [268,1232,190,216] 2007-02 Tanzania Masai 17 44 8 8 Arusha holotype 2007-02 Tanzania Emeleia village 17 44 15 15 Mwanza holotype 2006-01 ANIC M. Ramadan Tanzania Iringa 17 44 2 2 Iringa holotype