Simon, 1893 : 455
A. centralis
Platnick & Shadab 1984 : 7
Mello-Leitão, 1942 : 413
Argentina
Mello-Leitão, 1943 : 262
Platnick & Shadab, 1984 : 4
Platnick & Shadab, 1984 : 5
A taxonomic revision of the ground spiders of the genus Apopyllus (Araneae: Gnaphosidae)
Azevedo, Guilherme H. F.
Ott, Ricardo
Griswold, Charles E.
Santos, Adalberto J.
Zootaxa
2016
4178
3
301
327
5VQKQ
Simon, 1893
Simon
1893
[151,533,1399,1425]
Arachnida
Gnaphosidae
Apopyllus
Animalia
Araneae
5
306
Arthropoda
species
suavis
Herpyllus suavis Simon, 1893: 455, fig. 25. Female lectotypehere designated from ColoniaTovar, Aragua, Venezuela( 10º24’19”N, 67º17’22”W), deposited in MNHN(examined). Paralectotypenot conspecific (see A. centralisbelow). Apopyllus suavis: Platnick & Shadab 1984: 7, figs 17–18. Zelotes pauper Mello-Leitão, 1942: 413, fig. 39. Female holotypefrom General Capdevila, Chaco, Argentina( 27º25’18”S, 61º28’37”W), deposited in MLP15500 (examined through photographs). New synonymy. Zelotes iheringi Mello-Leitão, 1943: 262. Female holotypefrom Paraíba, Brazil( 36º30’S, 75º15’W), deposited in MNRJ58361(examined). New synonymy. Apopyllus pauper: Platnick & Shadab, 1984: 4, figs 5, 6. Apopyllus iheringi: Platnick & Shadab, 1984: 5, figs 11–14.
Diagnosis.Females can be distinguished by the secondary spermatheca with diameter at least two thirds as long as the primary spermatheca, by the TPD curved dorsally, by the curved PDT ( Figs 12B, 13B) and by the short belllike paramedian epigynal pockets ( Figs 10B, 11B). Males can be distinguished by the moderately pointed terminal part of RTA in dorsal and retrobasal view ( Figs 7B, 8B, 9D), by the gently curved dorsal keel of RTA in apical view ( Fig. 9C) and by the rhomboidal shape of RTA in retrobasal view ( Fig. 9D).
Synonymy. Apopyllus suaviswas described based on two syntypesfrom Venezuela( Simon 1893). One of the syntypeshas morphology similar to the typesof A. pauperand A. iheringiand the variation observed in the material examined here suggests that A. suavisshould be considered a senior synonym of the other two names. This syntypeis here designated as a lectotypeof A. suavis. The paralectotype, on the other hand, is not conspecific with the lectotype, but is actually a member of A. centralis new sp., which is described below. Apopyllus pauperwas described as having the “paramedian epigynal ducts expanded anteriorly into bulbous form” ( Platnick & Shadab 1984: p. 5, figs 5–6). This description matches the aspect of the holotypegenitalia when examined ventrally, without any preparation. However, the tracts do not look expanded anteriorly into bulbous form when the genitalia are examined under clove oil or methyl salicilate ( Fig. 15A–B), and the duct aspect does not seem to be different from that observed for A. suavisneither for Apopyllus iheringi typematerial. Other aspects of the morphology of the A. pauper holotypealso seem to be within the variation observed in the A. suavis. Thus, we do not see evidence that could indicate that A. suavisand A. pauperare different species.
Description.Female described by Platnick & Shadab (1984: 4)under A. suavis, except for genitalia, that is like the diagnosis reported here. Male described by Platnick & Shadab (1984: 5)under A. iheringi. Variation.The anterior ridge of the epigynum varies from straight to concave in the posterior and/or anterior margin. The dorsal keel of RTA might be from moderate to strongly curved. RTA simple or with a small basal retrolateral tubercle as in A. silvestrii. Some specimens might be dark brown to black with a white or silver gray dorsal longitudinal stripe in the opisthosoma and carapace, or with carapace entirely silver gray ( Fig. 16A–C). Male carapace length (N = 18) 1.28–3.4. Female carapace length (N = 16) 1.96–3.40.
Materialexamined. ARGENTINA: Catamarca: Villavil, 8kmE. of Andalgalá, 27º36'16"S, 66º17'16"W, 3♀, 30.XII.1974, F.A. Enderscoll. ( USNM); Córdoba: Los Molinos, 31º50'46"S, 64º22'59"W, 1♀ 1 juvenile, 7.XII.1997, A. Kurycoll. ( MNRJ6663); La Pampa: Cuaracó, RN152, 56 km from Casa de Piedra, 38º8'40"S, 66º29'33"W, 295m, 2Ƌ 2 juveniles, 11.X.2014, A.D. Brescovit et al.coll. ( IBSP167048, MACN-Ar 34838), Lihué Calel, Parque Nacional Lihué Calel, Cerro de La Sociedad Científica Argentina, 38º0'25"S, 65º35'47"W, 1♀, 11.X.2014, A.D. Brescovit et al.coll. (MACN-Ar 34513), Lihué Calel, PN Lihué Calel, cerro Fortaleza, 38º1'15"S, 65º35'32"W, 419m, 3Ƌ 3 juveniles, 11.X.2014, A.D. Brescovit et al.coll. ( IBSP167047, MACN-Ar 34843), Lihué Calel, 1Ƌ 1 juvenile( IBSP167049); La Rioja: Mazan, 29º25'15"S, 66º51'0"W, 1♀, 8.XII.1974, F.A. Enderscoll. ( USNM); Río Negro: El Cuy, RP6, 88 km SW from General Roca, 39º42'28"S, 68º9'19"W, 617 m, 1Ƌ, 12.X.2014, A.D. Brescovit et al.coll. (MACN-Ar 34844), General Roca, Cinco Saltos, camino a Lago Pellegrini, 38º48'42"S, 68º3'7"W, 270m, 1Ƌ 1♀, 16.X.2014, A.D. Brescovit et al.coll. ( IBSP167054, MACN-Ar 34545), General Roca, Paso Córdoba, 39º7'37"S, 67º40'6"W, 266m, 1Ƌ, 15.X.2014, A.D. Brescovit et al.coll. (MACN-Ar 34839), Valcheta, 1♀( IBSP167050), Valcheta, RN23, 36 km SE from Valcheta, 40º51'37"S, 65º48'44"W, 208m, 2Ƌ 3♀ 1 juvenile, 13.X.2014, A.D. Brescovit et al.coll. (MACN-Ar 34841). BRAZIL: Bahia: Feira de Santana, Chácara Promenade, 1♀, 4–6.I.2003, T. V. Aguzzolicoll. ( MCN35061); Goiás: Catalão, Barragempara Aproveitamento Hidrelétrico Serra do Facão, 17º31'56.09"S, 47º33'36"W, 754m, 1♀, VII.2010, R.B. Martines & R.M.C. Silveira coll. (UFMG 4565), 17º52'20.39"S, 47º37'34.89"W, 739m, 1♀, VII.2010, R.B. Martines & R.M.C. Silveira coll. (UFMG 4584), 17º36'26.07"S, 47º37'13.57"W, 811m, 2Ƌ, VII.2010, R.B. Martines& R.M.C. Silveiracoll. ( UFMG4566); Maranhão: Caxias, Reserva Ecológica Inhamum, 4º49'60"S, 43º20'69"W, 5♀, 2–5.X.2007, J.F.B. Lima-Lobato & F. Limeira de Oliveira coll. (IBSP 129017, 129022, 129023), 1Ƌ 4♀, 26–29.IX.2007, J.F.B. Lima-Lobato& F. Limeira de Oliveiracoll. ( IBSP129015, 129024); Mato Grosso: Chapada dos Guimarães, 2Ƌ, 20-29.VII.2000, C. Strussmann coll. (MCTP 11310), 2Ƌ, 23-30.VIII.2000, C. Strussmanncoll. ( MCTP11327); Mato Grossodo Sul: Três Lagoas, Horto Barra do Moeda, 20º57'0"S, 51º47'0"W, 1Ƌ 1♀, 8.VIII.2007, M. Uehara-Prado coll. (UFMG 5073); Minas Gerais: Belo Horizonte, Estação Ecológicada UFMG, 19º52'38"S, 43º58'16"W, 845m, 1Ƌ, 2003 ( UFMG8328), Belo Horizonte, Parque Municipal das Mangabeiras, 19º56'38.98"S, 43º54'1.07"W, 1♀, 5–12.XII.2008, H.H. Santos et al.coll. ( UFMG7886), Cardeal Mota, Serra do Cipó, 19º20'15.84"S, 43º38'18.72"W, 805m, 2♀, 17.VII.2012, P.H. Martins et al.coll. (UFMG 12326, 12327), Catas Altas, RPPN Santuário do Caraça, Cachoeira da Bocaina, 20º7'25"S, 43º27'56"W, 1♀, 12.IX.2015, G.H.F. Azevedocoll. ( UFMG18861), Gouveia, Fazenda Fagundes, Capão, 18º25’35.6”S, 43º454.56”W, 1071m, 1♀, 25.XII.2015, P.H. Martinscoll. ( UFMG19959), Leme do Prado, Reserva Estadual de Acauã, 17º7'94.2"S, 42º43'98.1"W, 887m, 2Ƌ 2♀, 18–28.II.2013, P.H. Martins coll. (UFMG 12837), 17º9'3.6"S, 42º46'24.1"W, 856m, 4♀, 18–28.II.2013, P.H. Martinscoll. ( UFMG12982), Manga, Parque Estadual da Mata Seca, 14º50'54"S, 43º59'17"W, 1♀, IX.2010, 14º50'58"S, 44º0'28"W, 2Ƌ, IX.2011, 14º50'54"S, 43º59'17"W, 2Ƌ, IX.2011, R.N.S.L. Garro et al.coll. (UFMG 14775–14777), Santo Antônio do Itambé, Parque Estadual do Pico de Itambé, 18º27'58"S, 43º18'27"W, 757m, 1♀, 16–17.II.2013, P.H. Martinscoll. ( UFMG12981), São Gonçalo do Rio Abaixo, Estação de Preservaçãoe Desenvolvimento Ambiental de Peti, 19º58'23"S, 43º29'57"W, 820m, 1♀, 8–9.XII.2012, G.H.F. Azevedo et al.coll. ( UFMG12653); Pernambuco: Serra Talhada, Fazenda Saco, Mata da Pimenteira, 7º53'S, 38º18'W, 1♀, 17.X.2010, M. Carvalho coll. (UFMG 4492); Piauí: Piracuruca, Parque Nacional Sete Cidades, 4º05'56.2''S, 41º43'12.9''W, 1Ƌ, no data, no col. ( MPEG7904); Rio Grande do Sul: Santana do Livramento, Faz. Bela Vista do Ibirapuitã, 1Ƌ, 14.XI.2012, Equipe PELD/ MCNcoll. ( MCN52297); Santana do Livramento, APA do Ibirapuitã, Faz. D.Laura, Rincão Bonito, 1♀, 12.XI.2012; R. Ott coll. (MCN 52309), APA do Ibirapuitã Faz. Bela Vista, 1f, 14.XI.2012; Eq. PELD/ MCNcoll ( MCN52310). Roraima: Amajari, Vila Tepequém, prox. Da PousadaPSJ, 3º47'10.4"N, 61º43'15.3"W, 640m, 1Ƌ, 17.VII.2014, L.S. Carvalho et al.coll. ( UFMG17107); Tocantins: Santa Fédo Araguaia, 6º43'41.6"S, 48º48'8"W, 1Ƌ, 19.IV.2009, U. Oliveira& M.D. Miranda coll. (UFMG 5736). PERU: Apurimac: Chincheros, 13º31'3"S, 73º42'24"W, 2Ƌ 3♀ 1 juvenile, 12.XII.1980, C. Goldcoll. (CASENT 9057334).
Distribution.Northern Argentinato southern Peruand to northern and northeastern Brazil( Fig. 14B).
1324200552
[151,1222,1500,1523]
Female
5
306
1
Colonia
lectotype
1324200547
MNHN
Venezuela
10.405277
Aragua
21
-67.289444
5
306
1
Aragua
paralectotype
1324200548
MLP
Argentina
-27.421665
Female
20
-61.476944
General Capdevila
5
306
1
Chaco
holotype
1324200550
MNRJ
Brazil
-36.5
Female
1187
-75.25
5
306
MNRJ 58361
1
Paraiba
holotype
1324200557
1974-12-30
USNM
F. A. Enders
Argentina
Material
-27.604445
Andalgala
20
-66.28778
Villavil
7
308
3
3
Catamarca
1324200537
1997-12-07
MNRJ
A. Kury
Argentina
-31.846111
Los Molinos
20
-64.38306
7
308
MNRJ 6663
2
1
1
Cordoba
1324200551
Cuaraco, RN & Casa de Piedra
Argentina
-38.144447
Casa de Piedra
19
-66.49249
7
308
1
La Pampa
1324200541
2014-10-11
IBSP
A. D. Brescovit & Cerro de La Sociedad Cientifica
Argentina
Lihue Calel
295
-38.006943
Cerro de La Sociedad Cientifica
19
-65.59639
Parque Nacional Lihue Calel
7
308
IBSP 167048
2
2
1324200556
2014-10-11
IBSP
A. D. Brescovit & Lihue Calel
Argentina
419
-29.420834
Mazan
20
-66.85
7
308
IBSP167047, IBSP167049
4
4
La Rioja
1324200545
1974-12-08
USNM
F. A. Enders & El Cuy, RP & General Roca
Argentina
-39.70778
Rio Negro
19
-68.15528
7
308
1
1
Rio Negro
1324200562
2014-10-12
A. D. Brescovit & Cinco Saltos & Lago Pellegrini
Argentina
617
-38.811665
Roca
19
-68.05195
7
308
1
Roca
1324200580
2014-10-16
IBSP
A. D. Brescovit
Argentina
270
-39.12694
General Roca
19
-67.66833
7
308
IBSP 167054
1
1
Cordoba
1324200583
2014-10-15
IBSP
A. D. Brescovit & Valcheta & Valcheta, RN
Argentina
266
-40.860275
Valcheta
19
-65.812225
7
308
IBSP 167050
1
1
Cordoba
1324200579
2003-01-04
2003-01-06
2003-01-04
MCN
Feira de Santana & T. V. Aguzzoli
Brazil
Chacara Promenade
Feira de Santana
7
308
1
1
Bahia
1324200582
2010-07
Brazil
Catalao
754
-17.532248
Aproveitamento Hidreletrico Serra do Facao
14
-47.559998
Barragem
7
308
1
1
Goias
1324200577
2010-07
UFMG
R. B. Martines & R. M. C. Silveira
Brazil
811
-4.8333335
Reserva Ecologica Inhamum
21
-43.352497
Caxias
7
308
UFMG 4566
1
Maranhao
1324200569
2000-07-20
2000-07-29
2000-07-20
IBSP
J. F. B. Lima-Lobato & F. Limeira de Oliveira & Chapada dos Guimaraes
Brazil
Mato Grosso
8
309
IBSP 129015, 129024
1
Mato Grosso
1324200578
2007-08-08
MCTP
C. Strussmann
Brazil
-20.95
Horto Barra do Moeda
21
-51.783333
Tres Lagoas
8
309
MCTP 11327
1
1
Mato Grosso do Sul
1324200572
UFMG
Brazil
-19.877222
Estacao Ecologica
21
-43.97111
Belo Horizonte
8
309
1
Minas Gerais
1324200564
UFMG
Parque Municipal das Mangabeiras
Brazil
845
-19.94416
Belo Horizonte
1
-43.9003
8
309
UFMG 8328
1
Minas Gerais
1324200561
2008-12-05
2008-12-12
2008-12-05
UFMG
H. H. Santos
Brazil
-19.337734
Serra do Cipo
1
-43.638535
Cardeal Mota
8
309
UFMG 7886
1
1
Minas Gerais
1324200581
2015-09-12
RPPN
Cachoeira da Bocaina
Brazil
-20.123611
Cachoeira da Bocaina
21
-43.465557
Santuario do Caraca
8
309
1
1
Minas Gerais
1324200567
2015-12-25
UFMG
G. H. F. Azevedo
Brazil
Gouveia
1071
-18.426556
Capao
Fazenda Fagundes
8
309
UFMG 18861
1
1
Minas Gerais
1324200565
2013-02-18
2013-02-28
2013-02-18
UFMG
P. H. Martins & Reserva Estadual de Acaua
Brazil
887
-17.142834
Reserva Estadual de Acaua
1
-42.743916
Leme do Prado
8
309
UFMG 19959
2
2
Minas Gerais
1324200566
UFMG
P. H. Martins & Parque Estadual da Mata Seca
Brazil
-14.848333
Parque Estadual da Mata Seca
21
-43.988056
Manga
8
309
UFMG 12982
1
Minas Gerais
1324200576
2013-02-16
2013-02-17
2013-02-16
UFMG
P. H. Martins & Estacao de Preservacao & Desenvolvimento Ambiental de Peti
Brazil
Sao Goncalo do Rio Abaixo
757
-19.973057
Estacao de Preservacao
21
-43.49917
Rio Abaixo
8
309
UFMG 12981
1
1
Minas Gerais
1324200571
2012-12-08
2012-12-09
2012-12-08
UFMG
G. H. F. Azevedo & da Pimenteira
Brazil
Serra Talhada
820
-7.883333
Mata da Pimenteira
1302
-38.3
Fazenda Saco
8
309
UFMG 12653
1
1
Pernambuco
1324200570
MPEG
Piracuruca & Parque Nacional Sete Cidades
Brazil
-4.0989447
Piaui
1
-41.72025
8
309
MPEG 7904
1
Piaui
1324200573
2012-11-14
PELD, MCN
Equipe & Santana do Livramento & Ibirapuita & Faz. D. & Rincao Bonito
Brazil
Santana do Livramento
8
309
1
Rio Grande do Sul
1324200574
PELD, MCN
Da Pousada
Brazil
Amajari
3.7862222
Da Pousada
1
-61.720917
Vila Tepequem
8
309
1
Roraima
1324200563
2014-07-17
UFMG
L. S. Carvalho
Brazil
640
Tocantins
8
309
UFMG 17107
1
Tocantins
1324200575
2009-04-19
U. Oliveira
Brazil
-6.7282224
Santa Fe
15
-48.802223
8
309
1
Santa Fe
1324200568
1980-12-12
C. Gold
Peru
-13.5175
Chincheros
21
-73.706665
8
309
4
3
1
Apurimac