Rhynchospora caduciglumis a new species of Rhynchospora section Glaucae and neotypification of Rhynchospora gollmeri (Cyperaceae) Weber, Philipy Trevisan, Rafael Phytotaxa 2017 2017-01-25 292 2 196 200 4ST57 Boeckeler Boeckeler [136,536,1352,1377] Liliopsida Cyperaceae Rhynchospora Plantae Poales 1 197 Tracheophyta species gollmeri    Neotype(designated here):— VENEZUELA. Anzoátegui: Distrito Freites, cerro Peonía, above Los Pajaritos, 31 airline km NE of Bergantín and N of Mundo Nuevo, Serranía de Turimiquire, 10°06’N 64°06’W, elev. ca.  1700 m, slopes upper ridges and top of mountain,  2–3 Dec 1981,  G. Davidse& A.C. González19831( MO!, NY).   Figure 1, G–K. Perennial, caespitose, rhizomes short often with vertical stolons. Culmserect to recurved, flexible to slightly rigid, cylindrical, canaliculate, smooth, 12–50 (–66) cm long, 0.4–0.7 mmlong. Leavesflexible, filiform, subcylindrical, canaliculate, 0.5 mmwide and up to 40 cmlong, scabrous on distal margins. Inflorescenceterminal and 1–2 lateral, remote, long peduncled, bracts exceeding subtending inflorescence, fascicles of 2–5 spikelets; terminal inflorescence a simple anthela with 2 fascicles of 4–7 (–18) spikelets. Spikeletslanceolate, 3.7–5 × 0.7–1.7 mm, 2–4-flowered, with 1–2 achenes, scales brown, broadly oval, keeled, mucronate. Perianth bristles6, reaching the middle of the achene to the tip of the stylopodium, antrorsely scabrous, often barbed at the base. Bilobate stigma. Stamen1–3; Acheneusually brown, rarely dark brown, ellipsoid, biconvex, 1.5–1.9 × 0.9–1.2 mm, transversely rugose, with 15–17 transverse rugae, subapically constricted; stylopodium triangular to compressed tongue-shaped, white to brown, apex acute, margins smooth, (0.4–) 0.5–0.6 (–0.9) mm long and 0.5–0.8 mmwide at the base; stipe 0.2–0.4 mmlong.   Geographical distribution:—The species is disjunct between Venezuelaand southeastern and southern Brazil.   Habitat:—In Venezuela, occurs in open marsh and rocky areas on the slopes and ridges of the mountains, and cloud forest at elevations between 1700 and 2350 m. In Brazil, occurs in wetlands and peatlands; it is associated with cold regions on high fields between 800 and 2000 melevation.  Phenology:—Collected with fruits between October and April.   IUCN classification:—Least Concern (LC) [Extent of occurrence: (LC); Area of occupancy: (LC)].   Note:—When comparing specimens collected in Venezuelawith those in southern Brazil(see Table 2), we observed that the differences are very subtle. Mostly, these differences are related to the number of spikelets in the inflorescence, color of achene and relative size of perigonial bristles. In our view, these features are variable and may have different states in the same individual, or between individuals of the same population. In addition, there is a very large overlap between the different vegetative characteristics of the materials from Braziland Venezuela. Therefore, in this first analysis, morphological data did not allow us to separate the material from southern and southeastern Brazilas a distinct species. This research found just eight collections of this species in Venezuela. Steyermark (1957)treats  R. gollmerias a rare species, originally collected around Caracas (probably in the 1850s), and apparently there were no records of new collections in Venezuelauntil 1945. In Brazil, however, the species is relatively common in bogs in Campos de altitude of Santa Catarinaand Rio Grande do Sul. In wetlands with thick  Sphagnum, it may have vertical stolons ( P. Weber 298) and longer, sometimes prostrate culms, and only a few leaves, making it more difficult to see. In wetlands without  Sphagnum, it usually has shorter stems and a higher number of leaves. Its only record for the southeast region of Brazilis in Rio de Janeiro, in Itatiaia at 2000 melevation. This is a species associated with cold, damp weather, probably restricted to high elevations. It is believed that this disjunct distribution of the taxon is related to the topography and climate features of South America. The central part of Brazilconsists mainly of plains and plateaus at 600–1650 m, with a long dry season, which is probably a limiting factor for the occurrence of the species in central Brazil. This disjunction of populations may have occurred by vicariance or long-distance dispersal. In the case of vicariance, groups of species of different families would be expected to become relict in the same areas and have similar distribution, but this has not been detected to date. Thus, the second possibility is more likely; this process may have taken place by long-distance dispersal of the fruits, which has possibly occurred through migratory birds that inhabit these similar environments in the two countries. In addition, Steyermark (1957)erroneously treats  Rhynchospora tenerrimaBoeckeleras a synonym of  R. gollmeri, both having been published in the same work. Later, Thomas (1998)clarifies the issue by treating  R. tenerrimaBoeckeleras a synonym of  R. tepuianaSteyermark. Neotypification proved to be necessary because the only material originally indicated in the protologue, J. Gollmer s.n, from Caracas in the Federal District, which was at B and was destroyed. Therefore, we have chosen as the neotypea collection also from Venezuela( G. Davidse & A.C. González 19831), which was collected about 280 kmeast of where  Julius Gollmercollected the original type.   Selected material:—  BRAZIL.  Paraná: Campina Grande do Sul, Estrada rio Taquary–border,  11 Nov 1960, G. Hatschbach7478(MBM);  Palmas, Santo Agostinho,  6 Dec 1971,  G. Hatschbach28300(MBM);   Rio de Janeiro: Itatiaia, Lagoa da Lapa, elev.  2000m,  5 Feb 1970,  T. Koyamaet al. 13668(CTES, NY);   Rio Grande do Sul: Cambará do Sul, Faxinal,  Dec 1983,  M. Sobral& J.R. Stehmann2654, (ICN);  Cambará do Sul, canyon Fortaleza, 29°4’3.36”S 49°57’54.88”W, elev.  1026m,  13 Apr 2013,  P. Weber& G. Hassemer358(FLOR);  São Josédos Ausentes, canyon Monte Negro, 28°36’53.47”S 49°47’47.40”W, elev.  1344m,  12 Apr 2013,  P. Weber& G. Hassemer342(FLOR); Santa Catarina:  Água Doce, Campos de Palmas, 26°36’ S; 51°45’ W, elev.  1200–1300m,  5 Dec 1964,  L.B. Smith& Reitz13656( HBR);  Bom Jardim da Serra, headwaters of Rio Capivari,  17 Dec 1971, L.B. Smithet al. 15858(HBR);  Bom Jardim da Serra, Top of Serra do Rio do Rastro, 28°23’31.1”S 49°32’56.4”W, elev.  1411m,  12 Apr 2013, P. Weber& G. Hassemer307(FLOR);  Bom Jardim da Serra, Top of Morro da Igreja, 28°07’36.6”S 49°28’51.2”W, elev.  1796m,  11 Apr 2013, P. Weber& G. Hassemer296(FLOR), 298(FLOR), 299(FLOR);  Bom Retiro, Campo dos Padres,  23 Jan 1957,  L.B. Smith& Reitz10332( HBR, MO);  Curitibanos, elev.  1200–1250m,  6 Dec 1956,  L.B. Smith& R. Klein8382(HBR);  Matos Costa, elev.  1200m,  9 Dec 1962,  R. Klein3613(HBR);  Porto União, elev.  1200m,  20 Dec 1956,  L.B. Smith& Reitz8912(HBR);  Porto União, Fazenda Frei Rogério, elev.  750m,  18 Dec 1956,  L.B. Smith& Reitz8701(HBR);  São Joaquim, elev.  1200m,  16 Jan 1957,  L.B. Smith& Reitz10116(HBR);  Urubici, Campodos Padres, 27°59’29”S 49°19’42”W, elev.  1421m,  28 Apr 2006, A. Zaninet al. 1099A(FLOR);  Urubici, 28°07’13.8”S 49°28’45.3”W, elev.  1766m,  11 Apr 2013, P. Weber& G. Hassemer304(FLOR); 306(FLOR); VENEZUELA:    Anzoátegui: Distrito Freites, 10°06’N 64°06’W, elev.  1700m,  2 Dec 1981,  G. Davidse& A.C. González19831(MO, NY);  Distrito Libertad, 10°04’30”N 64°11’W, elev.  2000–2350m,  28 Nov 1981,  G. Davidse& A.C. González19616(MO). 5100826323 1981-12-02 1981-12-03 1981-12-02 MO, NY G. Davidse & A. C. Gonzalez Venezuela 1700 10.1 cerro Peonia, above Los Pajaritos, 31 airline km NE of Bergantin and N of Mundo Nuevo, Serrania de Turimiquire 1298 -64.1 Distrito Freites 1 197 1 Anzoategui neotype 5100826317 1960-11-11 Hatschbach Brazil Campina Grande do Sul rio Taquary Estrada 2 198 1 Parana 5100826303 [449,1250,1348,1373] 1971-12-06 G. Hatschbach Brazil Santo Agostinho Palmas 2 198 1 Parana 5100826307 1970-02-05 T. Koyama Brazil 2000 Lagoa da Lapa Itatiaia 2 198 1 Rio de Janeiro 5100826313 1983-12 M. Sobral & J. R. Stehmann Brazil Faxinal Cambara do Sul 2 198 1 Rio Grande do Sul 5100826326 2013-04-13 P. Weber & G. Hassemer Brazil 1026 -29.0676 Fortaleza 1 -49.965244 2 198 1 Cambara do Sul 5100826318 2013-04-12 P. Weber & G. Hassemer Brazil Sao Jose 1344 -28.614853 Monte Negro 1 -49.7965 Ausentes 2 198 1 Rio Grande do Sul 5100826305 1964-12-05 HBR L. B. Smith & Reitz 1250 -26.6 Campos de Palmas 1241 -51.75 Agua Doce 2 198 1 5100826308 [368,1447,1564,1589] 1971-12-17 Smith Bom Jardim da Serra Rio Capivari 2 198 1 5100826332 2013-04-12 Weber & G. Hassemer 1411 -28.391972 Bom Jardim da Serra 1 -49.549 Serra do Rio do Rastro 2 198 1 5100826311 2013-04-11 Weber & G. Hassemer 1796 -28.126833 Bom Jardim da Serra 1 -49.48089 Top of Morro da Igreja 2 198 1 5100826306 1957-01-23 HBR, MO L. B. Smith & Reitz Campo dos Padres Bom Retiro 2 198 1 5100826301 1956-12-06 L. B. Smith & R. Klein 1225 Curitibanos 2 198 1 5100826321 [419,1110,1744,1769] 1962-12-09 R. Klein 1200 Matos Costa 2 198 1 5100826310 1956-12-20 L. B. Smith & Reitz 1200 Porto Uniao 2 198 1 5100826302 1956-12-18 L. B. Smith & Reitz 750 Porto Uniao Fazenda Frei Rogerio 2 198 1 5100826316 [383,1213,1816,1841] 1957-01-16 L. B. Smith & Reitz 1200 Sao Joaquim 2 198 1 5100826315 2006-04-28 Zanin Padres 1421 -27.991388 Urubici 20 -49.32833 Campo 2 198 1 5100826319 2013-04-11 Weber & Hassemer 1766 -28.1205 Urubici 1 -49.47925 2 198 1 5100826312 1981-12-02 G. Davidse & A. C. Gonzalez 1700 10.1 Distrito Freites 1298 -64.1 2 198 1 Anzoategui 5100826328 1981-11-28 G. Davidse & A. C. Gonzalez 2175 10.075 Distrito Libertad 911 -64.183334 2 198 1 Anzoategui