Cochlidium Kaulf., Berl. Jahrb. Pharm. 21: 36. 1820 Xiphopteris Kaulf., Berl. Jahrb. Pharm. 21: 35. 1820 Cochlidium Cochlidium Cochlidium C. serrulatum Cochlidium Cochlidium Grammitis Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XL. Polypodiaceae Smith, Alan R. Kessler, Michael León, Blanca Almeida, Thaís Elias Jiménez-Pérez, Iván Lehnert, Marcus Phytotaxa 2018 2018-06-11 354 1 448 450 3RP9 Kaulf., Berl. Jahrb. Pharm. [136,581,484,509] Polypodiopsida Polypodiaceae Cochlidium Plantae Polypodiales 14 Tracheophyta genus  =   XiphopterisKaulf., Berl. Jahrb. Pharm.21: 35. 1820.   Cochlidiumis defined by having simple, entire or serrulate blades, concolorous, tan, non-setose rhizome scales, hydathodes (usually), 2–8-celled hairs with thickened intercellular walls, and often confluent sori (coenosori) ( Bishop 1978). Earlier, Maxon (1914)revised some of the American species; Christensen (1929)also dealt with  Cochlidiumand other genera that he believed, because they have linear sori, to be related, while offering comments on phylogenetic relationships. Bolivian species typically have conduplicately folded fertile blades that partially hide the sporangia.  Cochlidiumis a neotropical genus of 16 species. Three species occur in Bolivia, and one species,  C. serrulatum, also occurs in Africa and offshore islands. Labiak & Prado (2003)treated the Brazilian species of  Cochlidium.The center of species diversity is in the Antilles and northern South America. Phylogenetic relationships of  Cochlidiumappear to be with  Grammitis  s.s., and the two may be sister genera ( Ranker et al. 2004, Hirai et al.2011, Sundue et al. 2014).