Gallão & Bichuette, 2018 : 12 Benthana xiquinhoi B. picta B. picta Benthana schubarti Lemos de Castro, 1958 B. iporangensis Benthana xiquinhoi Two new species and new records of terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) from Brazilian caves Campos-Filho, Ivanklin Soares Fernandes, Camile Sorbo Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli Bichuette, Maria Elina Aguiar, José Otávio Taiti, Stefano Zootaxa 2019 2019-03-06 4564 2 422 448 84723 Campos-Filho, Bichuette & Taiti Campos-Filho & Fernandes & Cardoso & Bichuette & Aguiar & Taiti 2019 [151,809,1150,1176] Malacostraca Philosciidae Benthana GBIF Animalia Isopoda 12 434 Arthropoda species xiquinhoi sp. nov.   Figs 11–13, 18D  Zoobank. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F4730822-4853-4CE3-8F20-0C5E9DD0D7F3.   Philosciidaeindet 2  Gallão & Bichuette, 2018: 12, table 2.   Etymology.The new species is named after Raimundo Cruz do Santos, also called ‘Xiquinho’, for his great contribution to cave surveys and his enthusiasm for cave fauna and discoveries.   Material examined.   Holotype Bahia, Andaraí, Povoado de Igatu: male ( LES 6353), Gruna Parede Vermelha cave, 12°52’41”S, 41°18’57”W,  2 April 2013, leg. M.E. Bichuette, J.E. Gallão and D.M. von Schimonsky.   Paratypes: 2 males( LES 6352) (parts in micropreparations), same data as holotype;  1 female( LES 6335), same locality,  31 May 2010, leg. M.E. Bichuette, B. Rantin, J.E.Gallão and L. B. Simões;  1 female(parts in micropreparations) ( LES 6337), same locality,  29 October 2010, leg. M.E. Bichuetteand J. E. Gallão;  1 female( LES 6342), Gruna Veio de Aurélio cave, 12°51’36”S, 41°18’11”W,  28 October 2010, leg. M.E. Bichuetteand J. E. Gallão;  2 females, 1 juvenile( LES 6348), Gruna Lava Pé cave, 12°53’42”S, 41°19’04”W,  30 March 2013, leg. M.E. Bichuette, J. E. Gallãoand D.M. von Schimonsky.   Description.Maximum body length: male 9.5 mm, female 10.5 mm. Colourlight brown: cephalon with irregular unpigmented spots; pereonites 1–7 weakly pigmented on medial portion, epimera more pigmented; pleonites 1–5 with unpigmented spots on medial portion, pleonites 3–5 more pigmented on paramedian and median portions; telson pigmented.  Bodyconvex, outline as in Fig. 11A. Dorsal surface smooth bearing few long triangular scale-setae ( Fig. 11B). Noduli lateraleslong, one line per side with d/c coordinates reaching a maximum on pereonite 4; b/c coordinates gradually decreasing ( Fig. 11C, D). Cephalon( Fig. 11E) with suprantennal line bent downwards in middle, no frontal line and lateral lobes; eyes composed of 10–12 small ommatidia arranged in four rows. Pereonites 1–4with postero-lateral corners right-angled with rounded apices and posterior margins straight; pereonites 5–7with postero-lateral corners gradually more acute and posterior margins gradually more arched. Pleonnarrower than pereon, pleonites 3–5 with epimera triangular, acute, and directed backwards ( Fig. 11A). Telson( Fig. 11F) triangular, lateral sides straight and apex broadly rounded.   FIGURE 11.  Benthana xiquinhoiCampos-Filho, Bichuette & Taiti  sp. n., female paratype, LES 6337: A, habitus, dorsal view; B, dorsal scale-seta; C, noduli lateralesd/c coordinates; D, noduli lateralesb/c coordinates; E, cephalon, frontal view; F, pleonites 4 and 5 and telson; G, antennula; H, antenna.  Antennula( Fig. 11G) of three articles, distal article longest bearing seven lateral aesthetascs plus apical pair. Antenna( Fig. 11H) very long, reaching pereonite 4 when extended backwards, distal article of peduncle longer than flagellum; flagellum of three articles, proximal article longest, apical organ short bearing two long sensilla.  Mandibleswith molar penicil of eight branches and dense cushion of setae, left mandible( Fig. 12A) with 2+1 penicils, and right mandible( Fig. 12B) with 1+1 penicils. Maxillula( Fig. 12C) outer endite with two penicils, distal margin rounded; outer endite with 4+6 teeth, five of them pectinate, one short and simple. Maxilla( Fig. 12D) outer lobe twice as wide as inner lobe with distal margin sinuous, covered with thin setae; inner lobe rounded covered with thick setae. Maxilliped( Fig. 12E) with rectangular basis with sparse setae; endite rectangular, distal margin slightly sinuous, medial seta surpassing distal margin, two hooks on distal margin, longitudinal ridge bearing dense setae ending with one short triangular seta; proximal article of palp with two stout setae.  Pereopodsrather slender, bearing distal fringe of hyaline scales on merus and carpus; carpus 1 with transverse antenna-grooming brush and distal seta with hand-like apex; dactyluswith inner claw reaching distal margin of outer claw, dactylar and ungual setae simple, not surpassing outer claw.   FIGURE 12.  Benthana xiquinhoiCampos-Filho, Bichuette & Taiti  sp. n., female paratype, LES 6337: A, left mandible; B, right mandible; C, maxillula; D, maxilla; E, maxilliped.  Uropod( Fig. 13A) protopod subquadrangular, protopod and exopod grooved on outer margin bearing glandular pores, exopod twice as long as endopod, endopod inserted proximally.  Pleopod exopodswith  Benthana- typerespiratory areas.  Male. Pereopods 1–3( Fig. 13B) merus and carpus with brushes of setae on sternal margin. Pereopod 7( Fig. 13C) without sexual dimorphism. Genital papilla( Fig. 13D) with triangular ventral shield and two subapical orifices. Pleopod 1( Fig. 13E) exopod heart-shaped, elongated (ratio z:y= 2.15), lateral protrusion prominent with acute apex, distal margin straight; endopod longer than exopod, stout and straight, distal portion with line of short setae. Pleopod 2( Fig. 13F) exopod triangular, outer margin concave with two setae; endopod slender, distinctly longer than exopod. Pleopods 3and 4 exopodsas in Fig. 13G and H, respectively. Pleopod 5 exopod( Fig. 13I) triangular, outer margin almost straight with five setae.   Remarks.The genus  Benthanacomprises 28 species mainly distributed in the Atlantic Forest areas of Brazil, with  Benthana picta( Brandt, 1833)occurring also in Paraguay( Campos-Filho et al.2015). Only two species were previously recorded from cave habitats, the troglobiont  B. iporangensis Lima & Serejo, 1993from Ressurgência das Areias de Água Quente and Areias de Cima caves (Areias system), and Gruta do Tatu cave, all included in conservation units in the state of São Paulo, and the non-troglomorphic and probably trogloxene  B. taeniata Araujo & Buckup, 1994from Gruta Zeferino I, state of Minas Gerais (Campos-Filho et al.2014, 2015). Those caves are located in Chapada Diamantina region at the boundaires of Caatinga vegetation and surrounded by remains of the Atlantic forest and “campos rupestres” vegetation, a variation of Cerrado, not as dry as Caatinga ( Fig. 2C, D). The new species occurs in very humid sandy (unconsolidated) or rocky substrate with organic matter (mainly moss close to creeks inside caves), showing medium abundance and densities (lower <0.5 inds/m 2) ( Fig. 18D). The new species is considered to be troglobiotic.    Benthana xiquinhoi  sp. n.is similar to  B. pictain the shape of the male pleopod 1 exopod; it is readily distinct in the reduced number of ommatidia, 10–12 (vs. 24 in  B. picta), telson with distal margin rounded (vs. triangular), mandibles with eight branches on molar penicil (vs. 12), uropod exopod longer than endopod (vs. subequal), male pleopod 1 endopod straight (vs. bent outward s). Only  Benthana schubartiLemos de Castro, 1958and  B. iporangensisshow eyes with reduced number of ommatidia, 16 and 18, respectively;  Benthana xiquinhoi  sp. n.distinctly differs from those species in the shape of the male pleopod 1 exopod (see Campos-Filho et al.2015). 2012767923 2013-04-02 LES de Igatu & M. E. Bichuette & Bichuette, J. E & D. M. von Schimonsky. Andarai -12.878056 Gruna Parede Vermelha cave 21 -41.315834 Povoado de Igatu 12 434 LES 6353 1 Bahia holotype 2012767921 [151,1108,1503,1528] 2013-04-02 LES de Igatu & M. E. Bichuette & Bichuette, J. E & D. M. von Schimonsky. Andarai -12.878056 Gruna Parede Vermelha cave 21 -41.315834 Povoado de Igatu 12 434 LES 6352 2 2 Bahia paratype 2012767908 2010-05-31 LES M. E. Bichuette & Rantin, J. E. & B. Simoes Andarai -12.878056 Gruna Parede Vermelha cave 21 -41.315834 Povoado de Igatu 12 434 LES 6335 1 1 Bahia paratype 2012767926 2010-10-29 LES M. E. Bichuette & E. Gallao Andarai -12.878056 Gruna Parede Vermelha cave 21 -41.315834 Povoado de Igatu 12 434 LES 6337 1 1 Bahia paratype 2012767927 2010-10-28 LES M. E. Bichuette & E. Gallao -12.860001 Gruna Veio de Aurelio cave 21 -41.303055 12 434 LES 6342 1 1 Bahia paratype 2012767913 2013-03-30 LES M. E. Bichuette & E. Gallao & D. M. von Schimonsky -12.8949995 Gruna Lava Pe cave 21 -41.317776 12 434 LES 6348 3 2 1 Bahia paratype