New species (130) of the hyperdiverse aquatic beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann from Papua New Guinea, and a preliminary analysis of areas of endemism (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae) 2944 Perkins, Philip D. Zootaxa 2011 2011-07-08 2944 1 1 417 3N3FG Perkins, 2011 Perkins 2011 [151,389,1591,1617] Insecta Hydraenidae Hydraena Animalia Coleoptera 30 31 Arthropoda species phainops sp. nov.  ( Figs. 31, 33, 296–297, 322–323, 390, 445)  Type Material.   Holotype(male):  Morobe Province: Lae–Buloloroad, Patep Creek, ex gravel bank of large fast river, [GE est.]  900–1100 m, 6° 52' S, 146° 37' E,  28 xii 1964, M. E. Bacchus(MEB 126) ( NHM).   Paratypes(186):  Central Province:nr.  Port Moresby, Sogeri Plateau, Musgrave River, ex dead leaves caught among rocks, [GE est.]  100–200 m, 9° 46' S, 147° 41' E,  16 iii 1965, M. E. Bacchus(MEB 200b) (6 NHM);  Port Moresby– Brown Riverroad, ex gravel banks of large slow muddy river, [GE est.]  50–100 m, 9° 24' S, 147° 14' E,  15 iii 1965, M. E. Bacchus(MEB 198) (3 NHM);  Port Moresby– Brown Riverroad, ex gravel banks of small fast running stream, [GE est.]  50–100 m, 9° 24' S, 147° 14' E,  15 iii 1965, M. E. Bacchus(MEB 199a) (1 NHM);   East Sepik Province: Prince Alexander Mts., Wewak–Maprik,  100 m, 3° 43.013' S, 143° 37.665' E,  21 iv 2006, Balke( PNG47) (5 ZSM);   Madang Province: Finisterre Mts., Naho River Valley, Damanti, ex gravel banks of small fast river,    1082 m, 5° 55' S, 145° 58' E,  8 x 1964, M. E. Bacchus(MEB 37) (2 NHM);  Highwaynear Madang, ford,   80 m, 5° 24.405' S, 145° 38.213' E,  26 xi–3 xii 2006, Binatang Boys( PNG117) (8 MCZ, NHM, NMW, PNG, ZSM); Keki, Adelbert Mts.,   400 m, 4° 43.058' S, 145° 24.437' E,  29 xi 2006, Binatang Boys( PNG119) (3 ZSM);  Keki–Sewan, Adelbert Mts.,   300 m, 4° 40.558' S, 145° 27.187' E,  30 xi 2006, Binatang Boys( PNG121) (19 MCZ, NHM, NMW, PNG, ZSM); Sepik Ramu Basin, Kojé Creek, unshaded creek, small to medium cobbles, gravel and fine sand (the latter in areas of slack water), filamentous algae on stony substrates, small accumulations of leaf litter,   160 m, 5° 33' S, 145° 23' E,  1 vii–30 viii 1988, D. Dudgeon(7 NMW);   Morobe Province:  5 milesW of Lae, Buins Creek, ex sand and gravel banks of clear fast river, [GE est.]   10–40 m, 6° 43' S, 147° 2' E,  28 xii 1965, M. E. Bacchus(MEB 121) (68 NHM); c.    3 m. Lae–Busuroad, ex gravel banks of small swift river, [GE est.]   50–70 m, 6° 41' S, 147° 0' E,  21 i 1965, M. E. Bacchus(MEB 155a) (14 NHM); c.  7 mi.Lae– Buloloroad, ex gravel and grass roots on bank of small stream, [GE est.]   10–30 m, 6° 41' S, 146° 54' E,  30 xii 1964, M. E. Bacchus(MEB 120) (8 NHM);  Huon Pen., road to Kwapsanek,   250 m, 6° 30.27' S, 146° 59.581' E,  31 iii 2006, Balke& Sagata( PNG24) (7 MCZ, NHM, NMW, PNG, ZSM); Kassam Pass, Sing Sing Creek, [GE est.]   1300–1500 m, 6° 12' S, 146° 1' E,  14 vi 1979, W. G. Ullrich(5 MHNG);  Kassam Pass, Yung Creek, [GE est.]   1300–1500 m, 6° 12' S, 146° 0' E,  14 vi 1979, W. G. Ullrich(2 MHNG);  Lae–Buloloroad, ex mud and muddy gravel by small shaded creek, [GE est.]   900–1100 m, 6° 50' S, 146° 37' E,  30 xii 1964, M. E. Bacchus(MEB 135) (1 NHM);  Lae–Buloloroad, ex stones and gravel bank of large river, [GE est.]   900–1100 m, 6° 52' S, 146° 37' E,  28 xii 1964, M. E. Bacchus(MEB 124) (1 NHM);  Lae– Buloloroad, Patep Creek, ex gravel bank of large fast river, [GE est.]   900–1100 m, 6° 52' S, 146° 37' E,  28 xii 1964, M. E. Bacchus(MEB 126) (4 NHM);  Lae–Buloloroad, Peracles Creek, ex gravel banks of small steam, [GE est.]   900–1100 m, 6° 50' S, 146° 37' E,  30 xii 1964, M. E. Bacchus(MEB 132) (3 NHM);  Lae, Umg.[=environs of] Oomsis, Buang River, [GE est.]   20–30 m, 6° 53' S, 146° 57' E,  14 vi 1979, W. G. Ullrich(17 MHNG); same locality,  15 vii 1979, W. G. Ullrich(1 MHNG);  Markham Valley, Lae–Kainanturoad, Erap River, ex gravel, [GE est.]   80–130 m, 6° 37' S, 146° 42' E,  26 i 1965, M. E. Bacchus(MEB 156) (1 NHM).   Differential Diagnosis.Differentiated from other PNGmembers of the genus by the combination of the very small size (ca. 1.25 mm), the dark dorsum, and especially the very large metaventral plaques ( Figs. 31, 296). The aedeagus distinctly differs from that of other members of the  Manuleagroup ( Fig. 33). The metaventrite, and the very complicated chaetotaxy of the tibiae are illustrated with SEMs ( Figs. 296–297, 322–323).   Description.Size: holotype(length/width, mm): body (length to elytral apices) 1.25/0.52; head 0.21/0.32; pronotum 0.29/0.38, PA 0.34, PB 0.33; elytra 0.76/0.52. Dorsum of head piceous; pronotum piceous except anterior margin slightly lighter; elytra dark brown; legs and maxillary palpi brown, tip of palpus not darker. Frons punctures ca. 1xef, slightly larger near eyes than medially; interstices shining, 1–4xpd. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, very finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum and postmentum very sparsely very finely punctulate, shining. Genae raised, shining, without posterior ridge. Pronotum subcordiform, median 2/3 of anterior margin emarginate; punctures on disc ca. 1xpd those of frons, interstices shining, 2–5xpd, punctures slightly larger and denser at anterior and posterior; PF1 absent; PF2 very shallow, obsolete; PF3 moderately deep; PF4 absent. Elytra with posterior declivity very gradual, summit slightly past midlength; lateral explanate margins narrow; on basal 1/3 punctures ca. 1xpd largest pronotal punctures, punctures becoming gradually smaller toward posterior. Intervals not raised, shining, on disc ca. 1–3xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row, a few punctures subserial. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins forming shallow angle with one another. Ratios of P2 width and plaque shape (P2/w/l/s) ca. 3/4/8/1. P1 laminate; median carina sinuate in profile. P2 raised, l/w ca. 2/1, sides converging toward blunt apex. Plaques very large, very narrowly separated, more narrowly so at posterior than at anterior, weakly raised. Metaventrite anteriorly with very low midlongitudinal ridge. AIS width at straight posterior margin ca. 1.7x P2. All legs moderately long and slender. Profemur (male) without tubercle next to trochanter; protibia very slightly arcuate, gradually increasing in width from base to apex. Meso- and metatibia straight. Abdominal apex symmetrical; last tergite (male) notched. Aedeagus as illustrated ( Fig. 33). Female tergite X, gonocoxite, and spermatheca as illustrated ( Fig. 390).   Etymology."Bright eyes"; named in reference to the large, oval and brightly shining metaventral plaques.   Distribution.A wide distribution pattern, from the western part of Area 4 to the southeastern part of Area 11, and including records in Areas 2, 3, and 5, but no records from Area 1; elevation range 10–1500 m, but with only two records above 1100 m( Fig. 445). 1964-12-28 NHM M. E. Bacchus 1000 -6.866667 Patep Creek 1303 146.61667 Lae - Bulolo 30 31 1 Morobe holotype Central Province 30 31 1 Central paratype 1965-03-16 NHM M. E. Bacchus 150 -9.766666 Musgrave River 1299 147.68333 Sogeri Plateau 30 31 1 National Capital paratype 1965-03-15 NHM M. E. Bacchus 75 -9.4 Brown River 1300 147.23334 30 31 1 National Capital paratype 1965-03-15 NHM M. E. Bacchus 75 -9.4 Brown River 1300 147.23334 30 31 1 National Capital paratype 2006-04-21 ZSM Balke Papua New Guinea 100 -3.7168834 Wewak - Maprik 1 143.62775 Prince Alexander Mts. 30 31 1 East Sepik paratype [307,1431,1986,2011] Damanti Papua New Guinea Naho River Valley Finisterre Mts. 30 31 1 Madang Province paratype [151,997,151,175] 1964-10-08 NHM Bacchus 1082 -5.9166665 1305 145.96666 31 32 1 [1008,1329,151,175] Highway 31 32 1 Madang 2006-11-26 2006-12-03 2006-11-26 MCZ, NHM, NMW, ZSM Binatang Boys Papua New Guinea 80 -5.40675 Adelbert Mts 1 145.63689 Keki 31 32 1 [320,1274,223,248] 2006-11-29 ZSM Binatang Boys Papua New Guinea 400 -4.7176332 PNG 1 145.40729 31 32 1 Adelbert Mts Papua New Guinea Keki 31 32 1 2006-11-30 MCZ, NHM, NMW, ZSM Binatang Boys Papua New Guinea 300 -4.6759667 Koje Creek 1 145.45311 Ramu Basin 31 32 1 West Sepik 1988-07-01 1988-08-30 1988-07-01 NMW Dudgeon Papua New Guinea 160 -5.55 1305 145.38333 31 32 1 West Sepik Papua New Guinea Buins Creek 31 32 1 Morobe 1965-12-28 NHM Bacchus Papua New Guinea 25 -6.7166667 1304 147.03334 31 32 1 Morobe [452,1216,439,463] Papua New Guinea 3 Lae - Busu 31 32 3 Morobe 1965-01-21 NHM Bacchus Papua New Guinea 60 -6.6833334 1304 147.0 31 32 1 Morobe Papua New Guinea Bulolo 31 32 1 Morobe [513,1432,511,535] 1964-12-30 NHM Bacchus Papua New Guinea 20 -6.6833334 1304 146.9 31 32 1 Morobe [151,500,548,572] Kwapsanek Papua New Guinea Huon Pen. 31 32 1 Morobe 2006-03-31 MCZ, NHM, NMW, ZSM Balke & Sagata Papua New Guinea 250 -6.5045 Sing Sing Creek 9 146.99301 Kassam Pass 31 32 1 1979-06-14 MHNG Ullrich Papua New Guinea 1400 -6.2 1305 146.01666 31 32 1 [444,850,620,644] Papua New Guinea Yung Creek Kassam Pass 31 32 1 1979-06-14 MHNG Ullrich Papua New Guinea 1400 -6.2 1305 146.0 31 32 1 [378,1249,655,679] Papua New Guinea Lae - Bulolo 31 32 1 1964-12-30 NHM Bacchus Papua New Guinea 1000 -6.8333335 1303 146.61667 31 32 1 Papua New Guinea Lae - Bulolo 31 32 1 [394,1367,727,751] 1964-12-28 NHM Bacchus Papua New Guinea 1000 -6.866667 1303 146.61667 31 32 1 Papua New Guinea Patep Creek Lae - Bulolo 31 32 1 1964-12-28 NHM Bacchus Papua New Guinea 1000 -6.866667 1303 146.61667 31 32 1 Papua New Guinea Peracles Creek Lae - Bulolo 31 32 1 [205,1140,836,860] 1964-12-30 NHM Bacchus Papua New Guinea 1000 -6.8333335 1303 146.61667 31 32 1 Oomsis Papua New Guinea Lae Buang River Umg. 31 32 1 [515,1296,871,895] 1979-06-14 MHNG Ullrich Papua New Guinea 25 -6.883333 1303 146.95 31 32 1 1979-07-15 MHNG W. G. Ullrich Papua New Guinea 25 -6.883333 1303 146.95 31 32 1 [641,1436,908,932] Papua New Guinea Markham Valley Erap River Lae - Kainantu 31 32 1 [151,1046,943,967] 1965-01-26 NHM Bacchus Papua New Guinea 105 -6.616667 1304 146.7 31 32 1