Fossil butterflies, calibration points and the molecular clock (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) Jong, Rienk De Zootaxa 2017 4270 1 1 63 [151,255,800,826] Insecta Nymphalidae Archaeolycorea GBIF Animalia Lepidoptera 25 26 Arthropoda species ferreirai  Family incertae sedis.  Tremembé Formation, Taubaté Basin, State of São Paulo, Brasil; (Rupelian)—(Aquitanian); late Oligoceneearly Miocene. Depository: IGEO (holotype, no. 5618-I). Published figure: Martins-Neto (1989: Fig. 4A). Part of a forewing of which the distal area, about 1/4 of the wing surface, is missing. The reconstruction of the termen in Fig. 4A of the publication and with that, the shape of the wing, is, therefore, uncertain. The venation shows a most unusual arrangement: M1 branches off M2 shortly before the middle of the latter. In many butterfly genera (particularly in Pieridae) M1 branches off R5, but I have not yet found such an arrangement illustrated in any extant butterfly genus. It could be an incorrect interpretation of the fossil, but apart from being clear in the figure, it is also explicitly described so in the text. The remainder part of the venation is not helpful. Since it is not clear in the figure where exactly is the distal end of the discoidal cell, either R3 and R4+5 have a common stem (an arrangement commonly found in butterflies), or R3 is separate and R4 and R5 have a common stem, an unusual arrangement in butterflies, but at least found in  Papilio antimachusDruryfrom the Afrotropics. In summary, the taxonomic position of this fossil is unclear and the suggestion implied by the name that it is in the ancestral line of the extant genus  Lycorea( Nymphalidae, Danainae) is not supported by evidence. 1503739219 Brazil Sao Paulo 25 26 1 Sao Paulo