A. Strand, 1939 : 110 Assing, 2009 : 145 Gyrophaena caucasica Boháč, 1986 : 190 Nikitskiy & al., 2008 : 112 A review of the genus Gyrophaena Mannerheim 1830 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Gyrophaenina) of the Caucasus and adjacent territories Enushchenko, Ilya V. Semenov, Viktor B. Zootaxa 2016 4126 3 301 337 3HZXD A. Strand, 1939 A. Strand 1939 [151,805,1678,1704] Insecta Staphylinidae Gyrophaena Animalia Coleoptera 5 306 Arthropoda species caucasica Gyrophaena     Gyrophaena caucasica  A. Strand, 1939: 110    Gyrophaena cultellata  Assing, 2009: 145,  syn. nov.    Gyrophaena caucasica;  Boháč, 1986: 190;  Nikitskiy & al., 2008: 112   Material examined:  RUSSIA: STAVROPOL TERRITORY:Krasnogvardeiskiy District: 1 Ƌ: 3 kmE of Pregradnaya, 800 m, 3.VIII.1986, S.I. Golovatch leg. (cVS); Predgorniy District: 3 Ƌ, 9 ♀: Pyatigorsk, Beshtau Mountain, fungi, 9.VI.1911, B. Iljin leg. [‘  Gyrophaena laevipennisKr. B. Iljindeterm.’] ( ZIN); 147 Ƌ, 291 ♀: Mineral'niye Vody, Beshtau Mountain, 10.VI.1994, E.A. Khachikov leg. (cEKh, cIE, ZMM); 49 Ƌ, 107 ♀: ibid., 4– 17.VIII.1993, E.A. Khachikov leg. (cEKh, ZMM); 9 spec.: Zheleznovodsk, 8.V.1985, A.B. Ryvkin leg. ( ZMM); 1 Ƌ: Pyatigorsk, Mashuk Mountain, 31.V.1982, V.V. Yanushev leg. (cVS); 3 ♀: 20 kmNW Kislovodsk, valley of Alikonovka River, Medoviye Vodopady, 15.VI.1994, E.A. Khachikov leg. (cEKh, ZMM); KRASNODAR TERRITORY:Krymskiy District: 68 Ƌ, 34 ♀: Krymsk, right side of Adagum River, 5.X.2011, I.V. Enushchenko leg. (cIE, ZMM); 5 Ƌ, 2 ♀: ibid., on  Fomes fomentarius, 5.X.2011, I.V. Enushchenko leg. (cIE, ZMM); 2 Ƌ, 3 ♀: ibid., on  Psathyrellasp., 5.X.2011, I.V. Enushchenko leg. (cIE, ZMM); 6 Ƌ, 5 ♀: ibid., on  Lentinus tigrinus, 5.X.2011, I.V. Enushchenko leg. (cIE, ZMM); Severskiy District: 211 spec.: Ubinskaya, V–VI.1986, I.A. Ushakov leg. (cEKh, ZMM); 26 spec.: near Ubinskaya, Papai Mountain, 2–3.VI.1986, I.A. Ushakov leg. ( ZMM); 121 spec.: ibid., Derbiy Mountain, 31.VI.1986, I.A. Ushakov leg. (cEKh, ZMM); Apsheronskiy District: 1 ♀: N slopes of Skalisty Mts rng., near Peredovaya River 1.st, Sukhaya balka, sift, pitfall traps, 901 m, N 44°02ʹ46,1ʺ E 41°26ʹ04,2ʺ, 27.05.2014, A. Pütz leg. (cAP); 3 Ƌ, 3 ♀: S slopes of Chernogorie Mts rng., near Otdalyennyi, sift, pitfall traps, 781 m, N 44°04ʹ52.3ʺ E 39°44ʹ14.9ʺ, 23.V.2014, A. Pütz leg. (cAP); 18 Ƌ, 43 ♀: valley of Kurdzhips River, Mezmai, 4–17.VII.1993, E.A. Khachikov leg. (cEKh, ZMM); 1 Ƌ: Mezmai, 19–25.VII.1996, E.A. Khachikov leg. ( ZMM); Anapskiy District: 136 spec.: 3 kmE Bol'shoi Utrish, 24–30.VIII.2003, D. Popov, A. Rudaikov, E. Khachikov leg. (cVS, ZMM); 4 Ƌ, 12 ♀: Bol'shoi Utrish, 1–5.V.2008, E.A. Khachikov leg. (cVS, ZMM); Gelendzhikskiy District: 8 Ƌ, 3 ♀: 7 kmW Krinitsa, Tyomnaya Shchel´ Gorge 19.IX.2012, E.A. Khachikov leg. (cIE, ZMM); 19 Ƌ, 28 ♀: ibid., 1–11.VIII.2013, E.A. Khachikov leg. (cEKh, ZMM); Maikopskiy District: 1 Ƌ: Caucasian Nature Reserve, vicinity of Guzeripl´, 21.VI.1990, V.V. Grebennikov leg. (cEKh, ZMM); 59 Ƌ, 65 ♀: 10 kmN Guzeripl´, Nikel´, Sjuk River, 28.VI.1990, Degtyaryov, Beschyotnyi leg. (cEKh, cIE, ZMM); Kushchevskiy District: 3 Ƌ, 2 ♀: Krasnaya Polyana, VI.1973, R. Rous leg. (cJB); Adlerskiy District: 1 Ƌ: 30 kmNNO Adler, lower reaches of Chvizhepse River, 220–550 m, 29.IV.–06.V.2013, S. Kurbatov leg. ( RCPQ); Khostinsky District: 1 Ƌ, 1 ♀: Lazarevskoye, Maryino, 25.IX.1988, I.A. Ushakov leg. (cVS); 497 spec.: Khosta, 22.V–19.VI.1988, V.B. Semenov leg. (cVS); ADYGEA:Maikopskiy District: 1 Ƌ: Caucasian Nature Reserve, vicinity of Guzeripl´, 21.VI.1990, V.V. Grebennikov leg. ( ZMM); 59 Ƌ, 65 ♀: 10 kmN Guzeripl´, Nikel´, Sjuk River, 28.VI.1990, Degtyaryov, Beschyotnyi leg. (cIE, ZMM); KARACHAY- CHERKESSIA:2 ♀: ‘Caucas. occ. Circassien. Leder. Reitter’ [ Gyroph. fasciataMarsh. Coll. Reitter] ( HNHM); Karachay District: 1 ♀: ‘Ca. b. Teberda, VI.1912, Roubal’ [‘  G. manca’] ( MAKB); 1 Ƌ, 2 ♀: Teberdinskiy Nature Reserve, Teberda, VII.2011, E.A. Khachikov leg. (cIE); ABKHASIA:Gagra District: 117 spec.: Gumistinsky Nature Reserve, Verkhny Tsumur, 24.IX.1985, I.A. Ushakov leg. ( ZMM); 1 Ƌ, 3 ♀: Myusserskiy Nature Reserve, 18.IX.1988, I.A. Ushakov leg. (cVS); 2 Ƌ, 2 ♀: vicinity of Pitsunda, on  Armillariasp., 15.IX.1991, V.B. Semenov leg. (cVS); Gudautskiy District: 415 spec.: Bzybskiy Ridge, ca. 2 kmN Duripsh, general collecting. 09.IX.1985. I.A.Ushakov leg. (cEKh, ZMM); 1 ♀: Othara, 8.IV.1956, Kurnakov leg. ( ZIN); Sukhum District: 6 spec.: Pskhu, 750 m, 19.VIII.1986, A.B. Ryvkin leg. ( ZMM); 1 ♀: vicinity of Sukhumi, 9.IX.1976, A.B. Ryvkin leg. ( ZMM); 10 Ƌ, 9 ♀: Kelasuri Canyon, 18.IX.1988, I.A. Ushakov leg. ( ZMM);  GEORGIA: SVANETI:1 ♀: ‘Caucasus. Swanetien. Leder. Reitter.’ [‘ Gyroph. fasciataMarsh. Coll. Reitter’] ( HNHM); SAMEGRELO ZEMO- SVANETI: Zugdidskiy District: 1 ♀: Zugdidi, 13.X.1981(cJB); Mestiyskiy District: 4 spec.: 40 kmW Mestiya, Kherkhvashi, 1150 m, 25.VIII.1986, A.B. Ryvkin leg. ( ZMM); KAKHETI: 2 Ƌ, 10 ♀: Lagodekhskiy valley of Shroma River, bracket fungi, 29.V.1977, Kireichjuk leg. ( ZIN); 3 ♀: Lagodekhi, agaricales fungi, 27.X.1968, O.L. Kryzhanovskiy leg. ( ZIN); 1 ♀: Mariamdjvari State Reserve,  Carpinusforest, 13–14.V.1987, S.I. Golovatch & K.Yu. Eskov leg. ( ZMM);  ARMENIA: TAVUSH  AREA:Idzhevanskiy District: 6 spec.: Dilizhan Reserve, valley Akhnabat near Salakh, 1400–1500 m,  Fagus, Taxus. Carpinusetc. forest, 17.IV.1989, S.I. Golovatch leg. ( ZMM);  AZERBAIJAN: Ganca: 1 Ƌ: Ajikent, [?], Maljushenko leg. ( ZIN); REGION NOT LOCATED:1 ♀: ‘Caucasus Reitter/1246’ ( MAKB); 1 Ƌ: ‘Caucasus Reitter/1247’ [‘  Gyrophaena bihamataThoms.5804’] ( MAKB); 1 Ƌ: ‘Caucasus Reitter’ [‘ Gyroph. fasciataMarsh. Coll. Reitter’] ( HNHM); 1 Ƌ, 1 ♀: ‘Kaukas. Leder’ [‘ Gyroph. bihamataThoms. Coll. Reitter’] ( HNHM); 2 ♀: ‘Caucasus. Leder’ [‘ Gyroph. bihamataThoms. Coll. Reitter’] ( HNHM).  Additional material examined:  RUSSIA: REPUBLICOF CRIMEA:Simferopol΄skiy District: 2 ♀: ‘Krym, Yaltinskiy distr., Taushan-Bazar [Privolʹnoye], 11.7.1911, V. Pliginskiy leg.’[  Gyrophaena laevipennis] ( ZIN); 2 Ƌ, 1 ♀: ibid., 4.VI.2007, M.B. Kiritschenko ( ZIN); 2 Ƌ, 2 ♀: Angarskiy Pass (Angar-Bogaz), 15.VIII.1976, V.V. Belov leg. (cVS); Bakhchisaraiskiy Disrtict: 7 Ƌ, 14 ♀: ‘Tauria, Kokoz [Sokolinoye], 9.5.[19]11, V. Pliginskiy leg.’( ZIN); Yalta: 1 Ƌ: Ai-Danil΄ [Danilovka] village, on  Coprinussp., 30.V.1999, D.S. Shchigel΄ (cVS); 1 ♀: 6 km FIGURES 7–13. NE Nikita, Nikitskiy Botanical Garden, 23.VIII.1976, V.V. Belov leg. (cVS); Kirovskiy District: 6 Ƌ: Stary Crym, mountain forest, 15–16.VIII.2005, R. Cibuļskis leg. (cIE, ZMM); Leninskiy District: 1 Ƌ: Vinogradny, S slope of Uragay Ridge, 500 m, oak-forest, on  Fomes fomentarius, 28.V.1999, D.S. Shchigel΄ leg. (cVS); ROSTOV  AREA:Azovskiy District: 13 Ƌ, 25 ♀: Rostov-na-Donu, 17.VI.2013, E.A. Khachikov leg. ( ZMM); 1 Ƌ, 2 ♀: ibid., 21. VI.2009, E.A. Khachikov leg. ( ZMM); Millerovskiy District: 3 Ƌ, 3 ♀: Ivanovka, 6–18.VII.2013, E.A. Khachikov leg. (cIE).   Distribution.N & W Caucasus, Azerbaijan, south of European part of Russia, Turkey.  Taxonomic notes. Strand (1939), based on the shape of the male secondary sexual characters, compared  G. caucasicawith  G. joyioides Wüsthoff 1937and G. k o r b iand provided figures of apical portion of the aedeagus. Similarity in the male primary and secondary sexual characters (shape of tergite VIII, apically bifid tergite X, general morphology of the median lobe of the aedeagus and structure of endophallus) as well as in external morphology shows that  G. caucasicais closely related to G. j o yi o i d esand G. k o r b i.  Assing (2009)described  G. cultellatabased on two males from Turkey(" 41 kmW Samsun, 27 kmS Bafra, 41°18'55"N, 35°50'51"E, 220 m") and compared it with  G. anatolica Assing 2004and  G. ciliciana Assing 2009, but did not compare this new species with G. c a u c a s i c a Strand 1939. Glotov (2014)recorded  G. cultellata Assing 2009for Crimea (Chatyrdagh Mountain). As the male genitalia and terminalia of  G. cultellata(see Assing 2009: Figs. 54–57) are quite identical to those of  G. caucasica, including the material from the typelocality, I considered  G. cultellatahere as an junior synonym of  G. caucasica.   Remarks.The original description of G. c a u c a s i c ais based on several specimens from Teberda ( Strand 1939). Boháč (1986)recorded species from Sochi and Krasnaya Polyana. Nikitskiy et al.(2008)cited it from Khosta. It is here reported from Adygea, Stavropol Territory, Abkhazia, Azerbaijan, Rostov Area, Georgiaand Armeniafor the first time.